ELE176A01: ELECTIVE I

[BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS]
Credits: 03 Hours: 45

Course Objective:
To make students understand the working of various biomedical instruments used in medical
field.

Course Outcomes:
• explain the function of human body and generation of bio-electrical signals
• demonstrate the function of electrodes and physiological transducers
• illustrate biomedical recorders, modern imaging systems and patient monitoring
system
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation 9 hrs
Introduction-Anatomy and Physiology, Physiological systems of the body-The
Cardiovascular System, The Respiratory System, The nervous System, Sources of
Biomedical signals, Basic medical instrumentation systems, Regulation of Medical devices-
Types of Standard, Regulatory Requirements, Standard Related Agencies.

Unit 2: Bioelectric Signals and Electrodes 9 hrs

Origin of Bioelectric Signals-ECG, EEG, EMG, Recording Electrodes-Electrode Tissue
Interface, Polarization, Skin Contact Impedance, Motion Artifacts, Silver-Silver Chloride
Electrodes. Electrodes for ECG, EEG, EMG.

Unit 3: Physiological Transducers 9 hrs

Classification of Transducers, Performance Characteristics of Transducer, Displacement,
Position and Motion Transducers, Pressure Transducers, Transducers for body temperature
measurement, Photoelectric Transducers(All Transducers Principles only), Biosensors and
Smart sensors(Concept only).

Unit 4: Biomedical Recorders and Modern Imaging Systems 9 hrs

Electrocardiograph (ECG)-Block diagram, ECG leads, Effects of Artefacts on ECG
recordings.
Electroencephalograph (EEG)-Block diagram, placement of Electrodes, Recording of
Evoked Potentials. Electromyography (EMG)-Block diagram, Other Biomedical
Recorders Apex cardiograph, Ballistocardiograph, Electro-Oculograph, Electroretinograph
(Concepts only).
X-ray Machines and Digital Radiography, X-ray Computed Tomography, Nuclear Medical
Imaging Systems, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems, Ultrasound Imaging System and
Thermal Imaging Systems (Concepts only).

Unit 5: Patient Monitoring Systems 9 hrs

System Concepts, Cardiac Monitor-Selection of System parameters, Cardiac monitor using
Digital Memory. Bedside Patient Monitoring systems, Central Monitors (Basic Principles
Only).
Measurement of Heart rate, Blood pressure measurement-Direct Method and Indirect method,
Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators. Elements of Biotelemetry and Telemedicine.
Text Books:
R S Khandpur. (2003).Handbook of biomedical Instrumentation,(2nded.). TMH.

References:
Barry Jones.(2008).Instrumentation Measurement & feedback,(1sted.). PHI.
Cromwell, Fred J Weibell, Erich A Pfeiffer .(1994).Biomedical Instrumentation and
Measurements, (1sted.). PHI.
Khandpur.R.S.(2005).Modern Electronics Equipment, TMH, New Delhi