SHEET NO-9 OBSERVATIONS DT-15/05/11

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE: TARGET POINTS

(observations may be change in colour of the soln., colour of the ppt. formed, evolution of coloured gas
like CO2 & NO2, melting on decomposition and sound formation in case of H 2 & HCl preparation)

1. HCl gas-dense white fumes of ammonium chloride are observed.

2. Dil.HCl acid-
 White ppt. of lead(II)chloride formed, soluble in hot water.
 White ppt. of silver(I)chloride formed, dissolves in ammonium chloride soln. and insoluble in
dil.nitric acid.

(all other chlorides are soluble in HCl and colourless)

3. Conc.HCl acid-greenish yellow gas of chlorine formed, turns moist iodide paper blue-black.

*From the questions check out which form of HCl is used. Answer the questions as per the target
points.

QUESTIONS:

a) Moist HCl combines with ammonia.

b) H2 and Cl2 gas mixture kept in direct sunlight.
c) AgNO3 soln. is added to dil.HCl followed by NH 4OH soln.
d) Dil.HCl is added Pb(NO3)2soln.
e) Conc.HCl is added to K2Cr2O7 soln.(oxidizing agent) and heated.
f) Red lead is heated with conc.HCl.
g) HCl gas(acid) is passed through AgNO3soln.

ANSWERS:

a) white fumes of ammonium chloride are observed.

b) Colourless HCl gas is formed with explosion.
c) White ppt. of silver(I)chloride formed, dissolves in ammonium chloride soln. and insoluble in
dil.nitric acid.
d) White ppt. of lead(II)chloride formed, soluble in hot water.
e) greenish yellow gas of chlorine formed, turns moist iodide paper blue-black.
f) greenish yellow gas of chlorine formed, turns moist iodide paper blue-black.
g) White ppt. of silver(I)chloride formed, dissolves in ammonium chloride soln. and insoluble in
dil.nitric acid.
NITRIC ACID : TARET POINTS

1. There is no test for 1% dil./very dil. Nitric acid. However it can be tested by adding dil.HNO 3 acid to
magnesium or manganese in which hydrogen is liberated which burns with a pop sound.
2. Dil.HNO3acid-A brown ring(FeSO4.NO) is formed which disappears on shaking the mixture.
3.
 Conc.HNO3 acid -reddish brown gas NO2 formed, turns moist potassium iodide paper brown.
 hot conc.HNO3acid – oxidizes organic compounds and bursts into flames.
 Reacts with proteins to form yellow xanthroproteic acid.
4. Nitrates
 Copper, nitrate and conc.sulphuric acid gives reddish brown fumes of NO 2 which turns moist
iodide paper brown.
 On thermal decomposition, all nitrates(except Na,K,Al) give NO2(reddish brown fumes)
which turns KI soln. brown. In addition to this target to residue colour.
 NaNO3 and KNO3(both colourless) give NaNO2 and KNO2 both pale yellow and melts.
 Nitrates of calcium, zinc, lead(all colourless) gives CaO(white), ZnO(white-cold, yellow-hot),
PbO(yellow).
 Cu(NO3)2 (blue) gives CuO(black).
 AgNO3, HgNO3(both white) give Ag(silvery grey), and Hg(silver mirror).
 NH4NO3(colourless) gives no residue, melts and forms N2O and water vapour.

*Check from the question whether dil.HNO3, conc.HNO3 or nitrates is used.

QUESTIONS:

a) Nitric oxide combines with oxygen at low temp.

b) Copper is heated with conc.HNO3 and the gas evolved is passed through KI soln.
c) Copper is added to dil.HNO3 and the gas evolved is bubbled into FeSO4 soln.
d) Conc.HNO3 is added zinc.
e) If conc.HNO3 is kept for a prolonged period of time and the acid is warmed in and around 60-80 0C
and then air is bubbled through it.
f) Hot conc.HNO3 is dropped into alcohol.
g) Conc.HNO3 reacts with protein.
h) When copper nitrate is heated strongly.
i) NaNO3, Cu and conc.sulphuric acid mixture is heated and the gas evolved bubbled into KI soln.
j) Lead oxide is reacted with dil.HNO3 and the residual soln. formed is mixed with NaCl soln.

ANSWERS:

a) Reddish brown gas NO2 formed, turns moist potassium iodide paper brown.
b) Reddish brown gas NO2 formed, turns moist potassium iodide paper brown.
c) A brown ring(FeSO4.NO) is formed which disappears on shaking the mixture.
d) Reddish brown gas NO2 formed, turns moist potassium iodide paper brown.
e) If conc.HNO3 is kept for a prolonged period of time the acid turns yellow due to dissolved NO 2 gas.
The colour disappears when it is warmed and air is bubbled through it.
f) Alcohol bursts into flames and continues to burn.
g) Reacts with proteins to form yellow xanthroproteic acid.
h) Cu(NO3)2 (blue) turns to CuO(black), reddish brown gas NO2 formed.
i) Reddish brown gas NO2 formed, turns moist potassium iodide paper brown.
j) The residual soln. is Pb(NO3)2 soln. which reacts with NaCl to form a white ppt. of PbCl2, soluble in hot
water.