CHAPTER 6

Logical Link Control

LLC Services
Flow Control and Error Control
LLC Protocols
6.1 LLC SERVICES
 three forms of service
 unacknowledged connectionless service
 connection-mode service
 acknowledged connectionless service
 LLC service primitives with modifiers
 request
 indication
 response
 confirm

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-2

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-3
Unacknowledged Connectionless
Service

 simplest service
 datagram service
 simple transmission and reception of LLC PDUs
 no acknowledgment, no flow control, no error
control
 individual, multicast, and broadcast addressing

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-4

 DL-UNITDATA.request
 to pass down data to LLC for transmission
 source and destination addresses for MAC
address and LLC SAP
 priority for desired priority level if provided by MAC
 DL-UNITDATA.indication
 to pass data up to the destination LLC user

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-5

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-6
Connection-Mode Service
 virtual circuit style between users
 connection establishment and termination
 flow control, sequencing, and error recovery
 individual addressing only
 DL-CONNECT
 to establish a logical connection between two LLC
users
 DL-DISCONNECT.request to refuse the request by
the remote LLC user
 connection request refused by either local or remote
LLCs
Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-7
 request

indication indication

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-8

 DL-DATA to transfer
data with no ACK due to
an established
connection
 DL-CONNECTION-
FLOWCONTROL to
specify the amount of
data that may be passed
across the LSAP

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-9

 DL-DISCONNECT to terminate the connection

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-10

 DL-RESET to reset a connection to its initial
state

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-11

Acknowledged Connectionless
Service
 acknowledgment without establishing a
connection
 DL-DATA-ACK
 DL-DATA-ACK-STATUS.indication
 DL-REPLY
 DL-REPLY-UPDATE

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-12

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-13
Appendix 6B
FLOW CONTROL

 preventing overflow by a transmitter

 limited buffer size at the receiver
 time required for receiver processing
 flow control with
 no errors
 the same order
 arbitrary delay

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-14

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-15
Stop-and-Wait Flow Control
 simplest
 acknowledged connectionless service
 source transmitting a PDU
 wait until an ACK is received
 destination sending an ACK
 PDU received without an error
 ready to receive another
 flow control by withholding an ACK
 adequate for transmitting a few large blocks
 need to break a message into smaller blocks

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-16

 problem for
transmitting
multiple
packets in
series
 only one PDU
in transit at a
time
 inefficient
when link
length is
greater than
PDU length

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-17

Sliding-Window Flow Control
 allowing multiple PDUs in transit
 n buffers at the destination
 n PDUs sent in series without waiting for ACKs
 sequence number required to keep track of PDUs
acknowledged
 ACK including a sequence number, k, for a PDU
that it is expecting
 acknowledging up to k-1
 implying the next n PDUs starting from k

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-18

  source maintaining a list of sequence numbers that
it is allowed to send
 destination maintaining a list of sequence numbers
that it is prepared to receive
 windows
 limited field for sequence number

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-19

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-20
Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-21
 Station A

0123456701234567012345670123456701234567
P0 P1 P2

RR2
0123456701234567012345670123456701234567

Station B

Window size of 5
 Station A

0123456701234567012345670123456701234567
P3 P4 P5

RR4
0123456701234567012345670123456701234567

Station B
 flow control by allowing 7 PDUs to be sent
beyond the one acknowledged last
 RR k: ACK up to k-1 and ready to receive PDU k
 RNR k: ACK up to k-1 and not ready to receive
PDU k
 two-way data exchange
 two windows at each side
 piggybacking

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-24

Appendix 6C
ERROR CONTROL
 error types
 lost PDU
 damaged PDU
 error control techniques
 error detection
 positive ACK
 retransmission after timeout
 negative ACK and retransmission
 ARQ
 automatic repeat request

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-25

Stop-and-Wait ARQ
 based on stop-and-wait flow control technique
 damaged or lost packet
 damaged packet ignored by the destination
 timer started after the packet is sent by the source
 the same packet retransmitted when no ACK is
received by the time of timer expiration

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-26

 damaged or lost ACK
 duplicate PDUs
 PDU sequence number with 0 and 1
 ACK also with 0 or 1 to indicate that it’s ready for 1
and 0, respectively

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-27

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-28
Go-Back-N ARQ
 based on the sliding-window flow control
technique
 damaged or lost PDU i
 more PDUs following PDU i
 no PDUs after PDU i
 damaged or lost RR (i+1)
 no problem when other RR k (k >i+1) is received
before timer expiration
 RR PDU transmitted with P bit = 1 when timer expires
 P-bit timer
 damaged REJ
Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-29
Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-30
6.2 LLC PROTOCOLS
 three types of operation
 type 1 operation: unacknowledged
connectionless service
 type 2 operation: connection-mode service
 type 3 operation: acknowledged connectionless
service
 four classes of protocols

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-31

 LLC Protocol Data Units

 common
PDU format
for all
classes
 DSAP
 SSAP
 control
 information

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-32

 control field
 8 or 16 bits
 poll/final (P/F) bit to link commands and
responses
 different format for information, supervisory, and
unnumbered PDUs

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-33

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-34
Type 1 Operation
 UI PDU
 unnumbered information
 no ACK, no flow control, no error control
 error detection and discard by MAC
 XID and TEST PDUs
 for all types of operation to support management
functions
 command (C/R bit = 0) or response
 XID to exchange LLC class or operation type and
window size

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-35

Type 2 Operation
Connection Establishment:
 initiated by DL-CONNECT.request
 SABME PDU to request a connection
 UA PDU to accept a connection
 DM PDU to reject the request
Data Transfer:
 I-PDU for data transfer
 S-PDU for RR, RNR, and REJ for error and
flow control

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-36

Disconnect:
 initiated by DL-DISCONNECT. request
 by issuing DISC PDU
 responding with UA PDU

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-37

Examples of Operation:

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-38

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-39
Type 3 Operation
 AC PDU
 acknowledged connectionless information PDU
 AC command to send data
 AC response to acknowledge
 only one PDU in transit
 1-bit sequence number, 0 and 1

Chapter 6 Networking for Control and Automation 6-40