NAME: BAGOLO RATHARI

STUDENT ID: 1513644

MODULE: UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT 1
A 3 Phase, 6kV Electric Induction motor, rated at RanInt# (1800, 2000) kVA is supplied
through an 80m XLPE Cable, manufacturer Type M2NB, M2AB in Trefoil configuration. The
details are attached. The power factor of this motor is 0.7 lagging.
PART A
a) Write down the Rated kVA and kW of the Motor

i. Rated kVA
S3ϕ = 1872 kVA

ii. P3ϕ = S3ϕ * Cos Q

= 1872 * 0.7
= 6552/ 5
= 1310.4 kW

b) Select a suitable cross section of the Cable

S3 ϕ
1310.4
I L= =
√3∗V L 6∗0.7∗√3

= 180.13 A

[∴ 35mm2 cross section of the cable]

c) Determine its resistance and reactance and present this on a drawing

Zf = R + JX

If = IL * ∟Cos -1 ϴ
= 180.13 * ∟Cos -1 ϴ
= 180.13 * ∟-45.57
R = 0.524Ω/Km * (80)
= 41.92Ω

X = 0.38mH/Km
|X| = WL * Length of cable (&£)
= 2πƒL * £
= 2π (50) (0.384*10-3) mH/Km * 0.8
= 0.09650972
= 9.65H

d) Determine the Voltage at the Supply End and Voltage drop in Voltage Magnitude and
Efficiency in Per Unit,,,,,,,,,,, YYE71LTYBTH,,,,,,,

VS = VDrop + VT
VDrop = If *Zf
= (180.4 ∟-45.6) (0.419+j0.0965)
= 77.57 ∟-32.63

VS = VDrop + VT
= (77.57 ∟-32.63) + (6000/√ 3 ∟0)
= 3529.7 ∟ -0. 679
Efficiency (R)
output
n %=
output +losses
 1400
n %=
1400+13.64
= 0.990351
= 99.03%

e) It is decided to reduce the cable voltage drop through a capacitor in series with the
cable which will cancel out line reactance. Determine the value and KVAR rating of
the Capacitor and redo the voltage drop calculation. Comment on the result.
Part B
Given, 3-ϕ 6kV Induction motor, operating power factor = 0.7 Lagging kVA rating

a) Now, S=172 kVA Cosϴ=0.7 sinϴ=√ 1−cos 2 θ=0.714

P= S Cosϴ = 1872*0.714 = 1310.4kW

Q= S Sinϴ = 1872*0.714 = 1336.6 kVAR

|S|=1872
Q=1337

ϕ=45.57°

P=1310
Fig.0.1

0 ϕ lag A

Q
(S)

B
Fig.0.2

b) There are several methods for power factor correction which are described below
as

I. Using Static Capacitor: Power factor can be improved by converting

capacitors in parallel with the equipment operating at lagging power factor.
The static capacitor draws a leading current and partly or completely
neutralizes the lagging reactive component of load current. This raises the
 power factor of the load. For 3-ϕ loads, the capacitors can be connected in
delta or Star as shown below.

Advantages
 They have low losses.
 They require little maintenance as there are no rotating parts.
 They can be easily installed as they are light and require no
foundation.
 They can work under ordinary atmosphere conditions.

II. Synchronous Condenser: Synchronous motor takes a leading current when

over-excited and therefore, behaves as a capacitor. An overexcited
synchronous motor running on no-load is known as synchronous condenser.
When such a machine is connected in parallel with the supply, it takes a
leading current which partly neutralizes the lagging reactive component of
the load thus power factor is improved.

Advantages
 By varying field excitation, the magnitude of current drawn by the
motor can be changed by any amount. Thus helps in achieving
steeples control of power factor.
 The motor windings have high thermal stability to SC currents
 The faults can be removed easily

c) kVAR connection Formulae

Consider an inductive load taking lagging current 1 and power factor Cosϕ 1. To
improve the power factor to Cosϕ2 of the circuit, it is required to connect such an
equipment in parallel with load which takes leading reactive component and partly
conceals the lagging reactive component of the load.
From power triangle we have

Φ2 P
O
A
kVAR2

kVAR1

B
Now in △OAB is for P.F Cosϕ2
△OAC is for P.F Cosϕ2
OA= active power
AB= Load kVAR before P.F correction
AC= Load kVAR offer P.F correction
BC= leading kVAR supplied by P.F correction equipment

Here BC=AB-AC
Or △kVAR=kVAR1=kVAR2
Or △kVAR=P tanϕ1 – tanϕ2
kVAR
∴△kVAR =P (tanϕ1 – tanϕ2) [∴ =tanφ ]
p

d) Given
Cos ϕ1=0.7 Q1= 45.57 tanϕ1=1.02
Cos ϕ2=0.9 Q2= 25.84 tanϕ2=0.48
= P (tanϕ1 – tanϕ2)
= 1310[1.02 – 0.48]
= 707.4 kVAR
Now (3-ϕ) = 3*Vpn2 /Xc [∴ Vpn=VL / S3]