Class IX

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Unit 4 : Electronic Spreadsheet (Part-4)
NOTES

Use of functions to do calculations

A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a
particular order.

The parts of a function:

Each function has a specific order, called syntax, which must be strictly followed for the
function to work correctly.
Syntax order:
1. All functions begin with the = sign.
2. After the = sign, define the function name (e.g., Sum).

3. Then there will be an argument. An argument is the cell range or cell

references (Address) that are enclosed by parentheses ().

An example of a function with range of cells, A3 through A9:

Spreadsheet's different functions

There are many different functions in Libre Office Calc. Some of the more common
functions include:
Statistical functions:

 SUM: Adds a range of cells together

 AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a range of cells
 COUNT: Counts the number of chosen data in a range of cells
 MAX: Identifies the largest number in a range of cells
 MIN: Identifies the smallest number in a range of cells
SUM Function:
Formula Meaning Result
=SUM (A2,B2,C2) The sum of cells A2,B2 and C2 17
=SUM(A2:C2) The sum of cells in the range of cells from A2 17
to C2

Average Function:
Formula Meaning Result
The average of cells A2, B2 and C2
=AVERAGE (A2,B2,C2) 5.66
The average of cells in the range of
=AVERAGE (A2:C2) cells from A2 to C2 5.66

COUNT Function:
Formula Meaning Result
=COUNT(A2,B2) Counts the number of cells that
contain numbers among cells A2, B2 2
=COUNT(A2:C2) Counts the number of cells that
contain numbers in the range of cells 3
from A2 to C2

MAX Function:
Formula Meaning Result
Finds out the largest value among 7
=MAX(A2,B2,C2) cells A2,B2 and C2
Finds out the largest value among 7
=MAX(A2:C2) the range of cells from A2 to C2

MIN Function:
Formula Meaning Result
Finds out the smallest value among 5
=MIN(A2,B2,C2) cells A2, B2 and C2
Finds out the smallest value among 5
=MIN(A2:C2) the range of cells from A2 to C2

Referencing /Addressing:
Referencing is the way to refer the formula or function from one cell to the next cell along
the row or column.

There are three types of referencing.

1. Relative referencing
2. Mixed referencing
3. Absolute referencing
1. Relative Referencing
When we drag any formula in any row or column in any direction, the formula gets copied
in the new cell with the relative reference. Almost all spreadsheet applications use relative
referencing by default. Example: A2,B5,D10 etc.

2. Mixed referencing:
In Mixed Referencing, the $ sign is used before row number or column name to make it
constant.
Example: $A2, A$2 etc.

3. Absolute referencing:
In Absolute referencing, a $ symbol is used before the column name as well as row number
to make it constant in any formula.
Example: $C$1, $D$5, etc

Types of Cell Reference -

Example Type of reference
A1 Relative reference
$A1 Mixed reference (Column letter is absolute)
A$1 Mixed reference (Row number is absolute)
$A$1 Absolute reference (No change)

Chart:
A chart is a visual representation of data.
A chart is a powerful tool that allows you to visually display data in a variety of different
chart formats such as -
1. Bar Chart
2. Column Chart
3. Pie Chart
4. Line Chart
5. XY Scatter Chart

Follow the steps given below to create charts.

1. Select the range of data
2. Insert → Chart
3. Select the type of chart
4. Select the chart (Any Chart)
5. Click finish.

A chart will be displayed Calc window