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Reading: Chapter 11
Rolling
2 points of view:
blurred
clear
1
(2) Pure Rotation
2
Hence , and
3
Rolling Down a Ramp
(1)
(2)
4
Example
Other terms: Uf
= Ki = 0, Ui = Mgh. Hence
(answer)
Method 2: Newton’s law
Translational motion: (1)
Rotational motion: (2)
where . Since a = R, (2): .
(1):
(answer)
(b)
= 8.4 N (answer)
5
The Yo-Yo
(1)
Since a = R0, we
obtain from (2):
6
Angular Momentum
l r p m(r v ).
l mrv sin.
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Proof
l m(r v ).
dl
mr a v v .
dt
v v 0 because the angle between v and itself is zero.
dl
mr a r ma.
dt
Using Newton’s law, F ma. Hence
Since r F , we arrive at
8
The Angular Momentum of a System of Particles
9
The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body
li ri pi sin90 o ri mi vi .
This reduces to
L I .
10
Conservation of Angular Momentum
dL
.
ext
dt
Examples
11
12
3. Long jump: When an athlete takes off, her angular
momentum gives her a forward rotation around a
horizontal axis.
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Examples
(ans)
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11-8 A cockroach with mass m rides on a disk of mass
6m and radius R. The disk rotates like a merry-go-round
around its central axis at angular speed i = 1.5 rad s1.
The cockroach is initially at radius r = 0.8R, but then it
crawls out to the rim of the disk. Treat the cockroach as a
particle. What then is the angular speed?
Rotational inertia:
The disk:
The cockroach: and
Therefore,
(ans)
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Precession of a Gyroscope
Angular momentum
where is the
precession rate
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Example Rolling of a Hexagonal Prism (1998 IPhO)
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Pf
30o
Pi
E
c) After the impact, the center of mass of the prism raises
to its highest position by turning through an angle 90o
( + 60o) = 30o . Hence
d) At the next impact, the center of mass lowers by a
height of asin. Change in the kinetic energy
e) For the rolling to continue indefinitely,
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where A = r/(1 r) = 121/168 and
u 35.36o.
+ u 41.94o.
0 6.58o.
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