AP10005 –Physics I

AP10008 – University Physics I

Chapter 11
Angular Momentum

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Intended Learning Outcomes

• To apply the concept of angular momentum in isolated and non-isolated

systems

2 Intended Learning Outcomes

 Newton’s second law in terms of angular momentum 
 dL
Consider a force is applied on a particle of mass m   
F dt
located at the vector position for rotational motion (The
force actually provides a torque on the mass for the

rotation).     dp
  r F  r 
dt
 
dr
Adding a term dt  p  0 to the above equation,
  
  dp dr  d   dL
  r    p  r  p  
  dt dt dt dt
where L  r  p is defined as the angular momentum.
The SI units of angular momentum are (kg.m2)/ s.

L  L  rp sin 
Both the magnitude and direction of the angular
momentum depend on the choice of origin.

3 Section 11.2
   
The vector L  r  p is pointed out of
the diagram.
The magnitude is L = rp sin 90o = mvr
 sin 90o is used since v is
perpendicular to r.
A particle in uniform circular motion has
a constant angular momentum about an
axis through the center of its path.

4 Section 11.2
1. Using the torque-angular momentum approach:
dL
 ext 
dt
d v
m1 gR   m1vR  m2vR  MR2 
dt  R
m1 gR  m1  m2  M R
dv
dt
m1 g
a
m1  m2  M 

5 Section 11.2
2. Using the torque-angular acceleration approach:
For m1: For pulley: For m2: T2 T2
m1 g  T1  m1a 
T1R  T2 R  MR2   T2  m2 a

 
T1
m1 g  m1a R  m2aR  MR a 2

R T1
m1 g
a
m1  m2  M 
m1 g

6 Section 11.2
Angular Momentum of a Rotating Rigid Object

Consider an rigid object rotating

 along
an axis with angular velocity  .
To calculate the angular momentum of
the rigid object, we divide it into many
small particles.
The angular momentum of an individual
particle is
Li  ri pi  ri mi vi  ri mi rii  mi ri 2

Li and  are directed along the z axis.
The total angular momentum of the
rigid object is then:
 2
Lz   Li   mi ri     mi ri   I
2

i i  i 
7 Section 11.3
Estimate the magnitude of the angular
momentum of a bowling ball with mass of
7.0 kg and a radius of 12 cm which is
spinning at 10 rev/s as shown.

8 Section 11.3
Conservation of Angular Momentum
 
dp
Similar to the linear case with Fext  dt , we have conservation of linear

p
momentum ( ) when there is no net force acting on the system.
dL 
In angular case with  ext  , we have conservation of angular momentum ( L )
dt
when there is no net torque acting on the system.


L is conserved if there is no net torque acting on the system.

9 Section 11.4
Conservation of Angular Momentum, cont

If the system is deformable such that the mass of the isolated system undergoes
redistribution, the moment of inertia changes.
 The conservation of angular momentum requires a compensating change in
the angular velocity.
 Ii i = If f = constant
 This holds for rotation about a fixed axis and for rotation about an axis through the
center of mass of a moving system.
 The net torque must be zero in any case.

10 Section 11.4
Conservation Law Summary

For an isolated system -

(1) Conservation of Energy:
 Ei = Ef
 If there is no energy transfers across the system boundary

(2) Conservation of Linear Momentum:

 pi  pf
 If the net external force on the system is zero
(3) Conservation of Angular Momentum:
 L i  Lf
 If the net external torque on the system is zero

11 Section 11.4
12 Section 11.4
Conservation of linear momentum:

Conservation of angular momentum:

Conservation of energy:

13 Section 11.4
14 Section 11.4
15 Section 11.4
16
Summary

17 Summary
Summary

18 Summary