Transformers

1 The photograph shows a step-down transformer.

(a) Explain why step-down transfornmers are used in the transmission of electricity in
the National Grid.
(2)

(6) Transformers need alternating current to work properly.

Sketch a graph of an alternating current with a frequency of 2 Hz.
(2)

Current/A 2-

0.5 1.0

time /S
(C) A transformer has 2400 turns on the primary coil and 100 turns on the secondary
coil.

Calculate the secondary voltage if the primary voltage is 12 V.

3)

secondary voltage =

(d) Opening the switch in a circuit produces the opposite magnetic effect to closing
the switch.
A scientist connected a switch, a fixed resistor and a battery to the primary coil
of a step-up transformer. The scientist also connected a fixed resistor across the
secondary coil.
The scientist switched the circuit on and then later switched it off.

Which of these best represents the current in the secondary coil7

(1)

current current

0-
time time

A B

current current

time time

(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

 Generating electrical energy
2 (a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

Electrical energy can be measuredin

(1)
A amps
B kilowatt-hourss
volts
D watts
(b) Scientists are looking for new ways to produce electricity from renewable
resources.

The diagram shows a model of a device to generate electricity from waves

The coil is fixed to the concrete block.
The magnet can move freely inside the coil.

surface of
sea floating
ball
steel
cable

N permanent
magnet
coil of
wire
cable to
concretee shore
block sea floor
 6) Explain how this device produces an electric current.
(3)

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(ii) Describe how the device can be altered to increase the electric current.
(2)

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 (c) Another way of producing electricity from a renewable source is tidal power.
A dam is built across the mouth of a river.
Tidal water gets trapped behind the dam.

The trapped water is used to generate electricity.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using tidal power rather than other
methods of generating electricity.
(6)

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Total for Question 6 =12 marks)