ESDU 93022: Ejectors and Jet Pumps: Computer Program For Design and Performance For Liquid Flow

ESDU 93022
Issued December 1993

With Amendment B
September 2008
Re-issued June 2011
Ejectors and jet pumps:

computer program for design and
ESDU Copyright material. For current status contact ESDU.
performance for liquid flow
Associated software: ESDUpac A9322
Endorsed by
The Institution of Chemical Engineers
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers
ESDU 93022
ESDU DATA ITEMS
Data Items provide validated information in engineering design and analysis for use by, or under the supervision
of, professionally qualified engineers. The data are founded on an evaluation of all the relevant information, both
published and unpublished, and are invariably supported by original work of ESDU staff engineers or consultants.
The whole process is subject to independent review for which crucial support is provided by industrial companies,
government research laboratories, universities and others from around the world through the participation of some
of their leading experts on ESDU Technical Committees. This process ensures that the results of much valuable
work (theoretical, experimental and operational), which may not be widely available or in a readily usable form, can
be communicated concisely and accurately to the engineering community.
We are constantly striving to develop new work and review data already issued. Any comments arising out of your
use of our data, or any suggestions for new topics or information that might lead to improvements, will help us to
provide a better service.
THE PREPARATION OF THIS DATA ITEM

The work on this particular Data Item was monitored and guided by the Internal Flow Panel, which first met in 1979
and had the following membership:
Chairman
Dr J.A. Eaton — University College, Galway, Eire
Members
Mr D.A. Campbell — Rolls-Royce Ltd, Derby
Mr J. Campbell — Ove Arup and Partners
Dr C.J. Clark — BP International Ltd
Prof. D.H. Freeston* — Auckland University, New Zealand
Dr M.E. Gill — W.S. Atkins Science and Technology
Mr A.J. Green — BHR Group Ltd
Dr A. Johnson — Schlumberger Cambridge Research Ltd
Prof. J.L. Livesey — University of Salford
Dr M. Moore — Independent
Mr J.A. Ward — AEA Technology, Harwell.
* Corresponding Member
The technical work involved in the assessment of the available information and the construction and subsequent
development of the computer program and the Data Item was undertaken by
Mr K. Farnham — Engineer.
A significant revision of this Data Item was undertaken in 2008 by
Mr B.C. Freeman — Independent.
The person with overall responsibility for the work in this subject area is Dr F. Iudicello, Head of Fluid Mechanics,
Internal Flow Group.
The ESDU Fluid Mechanics, Internal Flow Series is recognised as a valuable source of validated data and methods
by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and its Thermofluids Group is involved in continually reassessing the
scope and focus of the content of this Series.
ESDU 93022
EJECTORS AND JET PUMPS:
COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE FOR LIQUID FLOW
ESDU 93022 is one of a group of Data Items on the design and performance prediction of ejectors and jet pumps.
A computer program, referred to as ESDUpac A9322, is presented for the design and performance prediction of
ejectors where both the primary and secondary streams are liquids.
Two calculation procedures are provided within the program. The first procedure allows the calculation of the
optimum design for a required duty. The second procedure predicts ejector performance, and allows the effects of
alterations in the design, such as a change in the nozzle dimensions, to be estimated. The methods of the program
are based on a one-dimensional flow theory which is documented in Appendix A of this Data Item.
Guidance is given in this Data Item on the design parameters used in the program, the use of which is illustrated
by two worked examples. The program is provided to run within ESDUview, a user-friendly environment for
personal computer users. A compiled executable code is also provided.
CONTENTS
Page
1. NOTATION AND UNITS 1
2. INTRODUCTION 4
3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF ESDUPAC A9322 4
4. RUNNING THE PROGRAM 5
5. DESCRIPTION OF INPUT DATA 5

5.1 Data for Design Procedure 5
5.2 Data for Performance Prediction Procedure 9
5.3 Data Input Files 11
5.3.1 General Data Input 12
5.3.2 Design Procedure Input 13
5.3.3 Performance Prediction Procedure Input 16
6. PROGRAM OUTPUT 21
7. WORKED EXAMPLES 22
7.1 Design Procedure Example 22
7.1.1 Data input file 22
7.1.2 Output file 23
7.2 Performance Prediction Procedure Example 26
7.2.1 Data input file 26
7.2.2 Output file 27
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ESDU 93022
8. DERIVATION AND REFERENCES 33
8.1 Derivation 33
8.2 References 33
APPENDIX A 34
A.1 NOTATION 34
A.2 BASIC THEORY 36
A.2.1 Assumptions 36
A.2.2 Losses 36
A.2.3 Volume reduction factor 38
A.2.4 Mixing duct convergence ratio 38
A.2.5 Mass flow continuity 38
A.2.6 Pressure difference equations 39
A.2.7 Efficiency 40
A.2.8 Pressure ratio 41
A.2.9 Primary nozzle exit area 41
A.2.10 Cavitation 41
A.2.11 Upstream pumps 42
A.3 PROGRAM A9322 Design Procedure 43
A.3.1 Case 1: Both M and N defined by user 44
A.3.2 Case 2: M alone defined by user 44
A.3.3 Case 3: N alone defined by user 44
A.3.4 Case 4: Neither M nor N defined by user 45
A.3.5 Ejector areas and dimensions 45
A.4 PROGRAM A9322 Performance Prediction Procedure 45
ii
ESDU 93022
EJECTORS AND JET PUMPS:
computer program for design and performance for liquid flow
1. NOTATION AND UNITS
The following parameters are input to or output from the program. The units are those used by input to and
output from the program.
Units
SI British
A cross-sectional area m2 ft2
area ratio: A 4 /A e – –
A ME
C liquid density ratio,  0 / 1 – –

d diameter m ft
H pump head m ft
Kd diffuser loss coefficient – –
Km mixing duct loss coefficient – –
Kp primary nozzle loss coefficient – –
Ks secondary inlet loss coefficient – –
L length of parallel section of mixing duct m ft

Ld length of contraction or diffuser m ft
M volume flow ratio, Q/Q – –

m· mass flow rate kg/s lbm/s
N pressure ratio  p t5 – p t0 /  p t1 – p t5  – –
N pump running speed rev/min rev/min
pt absolute total pressure kPa psi
p vap vapour pressure kPa psi
Q volume flow rate m3/s ft3/s

R area ratio, A e /A 4 – –
S length of mixing duct entry m ft

U stream velocity m/s ft/s
Issued December 1993 – 49 pages

With Amendment B – September 2008
Re-issued June 2011 – 45 pages
This page Amendment B
1
ESDU 93022
x mixing volume reduction factor, Q + /  Q + Q  – –
Z elevation of liquid surface in primary sump above ejector m ft
(see Sketch 5.1)
 ejector efficiency – –
 liquid density kg/m3 lbm/ft3
 cavitation index – –
d contraction or diffuser wall semi-included angle deg deg
m mean mixing duct wall semi-included angle deg deg
Subscripts
e nozzle exit plane

max upper limit of parameter
o sump
q = 0 condition where pump flow is zero
q = 0.5 condition where pump flow is half rated flow, i.e. Q = QR /2
R rated conditions of pump
th primary nozzle throat
0 secondary flow entry plane
1 primary nozzle entry plane
3 mixing duct entry plane
4 mixing duct exit plane
5 contraction or diffuser exit plane
The reference planes are defined in Sketch 1.1. Note that, for constant area mixing, planes 2 and 3 are
coincident and are referred to by subscript e . In this case, S = 0 .
Superscripts
 refers to primary stream

 refers to secondary stream
+ refer to mixed stream

2
ESDU 93022
Primary inlet
1
φm Outlet
Secondary inlet Mixing duct Diffuser

φd
S L Ld
0 e 3 4 5
or 2
1 1
S Ld L Ld
0 e 4 5 0 e 4 5
or 2 , 3 or 2 , 3
(i) Convergent mixing duct. (ii) Parallel-sided mixing duct.

In this case, the mixing duct length, L, In this case, the mixing duct entry length, S,
is effectively zero. is effectively zero.
Sketch 1.1 Ejector configuration and typical cases

3
ESDU 93022
2. INTRODUCTION
ESDU 93022 is one of a group of ESDU Data Items concerned with the design and performance of ejectors
and jet pumps. Such devices are characterised by the use of the kinetic energy of a fluid stream (the primary
flow) to impart momentum to a second fluid stream (the secondary flow) by direct mixing. Each Data Item
in the group treats different combinations of working fluids (which can be gases, liquids or solids in
suspension); the applicability of the Data Items is outlined in Table 2.1.
TABLE 2.1 Applicability of Data Items in the group on ejectors and jet pumps
Fluid Mixing Duct Performance

Fluid prediction
Design methods
Primary Secondary temperatures Constant Conical
flow flow area
Gas Gas Any   ESDUpac A9242 ESDUpac A9242

Steam Gas Any (saturated   86030 86030
gas, saturated
steam)
Steam Liquid Any (saturated   86030 86030
steam)
Liquid Liquid N/A   ESDUpac A9322 ESDUpac A9322
and 85032 and 85032
The terms “ejector” and “jet pump” are synonymous, and the term “injector” is also commonly used.
Guidance on the applications of liquid flow ejectors (e.g. in lubrication, hydro-electric schemes, deep well
pumping and liquid aeration) and on their principles of operation is given in ESDU 85032.
3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF ESDUPAC A9322
ESDU 93022 provides details of a computer program, ESDUpac A9322, for use in the design of ejectors
and jet pumps in which both the working fluids are liquids. The program extends the scope of the calculation
procedure of ESDU 85032 to include non-parallel-sided mixing ducts, and allows the user to model an
ejector with pumps or constant pressure sources upstream of either the primary or secondary inlet. The
program also extends the methods of ESDU 85032 to cases for which a volume change occurs during the
mixing of primary and secondary flows.
ESDUpac A9322 provides the following design and performance prediction procedures.
(i) Design Procedure. Given a selection of entry and required exit pressures and flow rates, along
with estimates of loss coefficients, the program calculates primary nozzle, secondary inlet and
ejector exit dimensions, using the procedure outlined in Section A.3 of Appendix A.
(ii) Performance Prediction Procedure. Given the ejector dimensions, loss factors and a range of
flow conditions at the entry, the program calculates the outlet conditions and the flow conditions
throughout the ejector, using the procedure outlined in Section A.4 of Appendix A.
For both calculation procedures, the inlet conditions may be given either in terms of a pump characteristic
(for centrifugal or mixed flow pumps) and flow rate or a pressure and flow rate.
This Page Amendment B

4
ESDU 93022
An overview on the operational procedure for running the ESDUpacA9322 program is provided in
Section 4. Section 5 describes the required input data. The program output is described in Section 6. A
number of examples which illustrate the use of the program are presented in Section 7. The full analysis
of the theoretical model used in the computer program is presented in Appendix A.
4. RUNNING THE PROGRAM
ESDUpac A9322 is provided within ESDUscope on CD and via local intranet or via the World Wide Web
in two formats.
An interactive format of the program is contained within ESDUview format. This is a user-friendly
'windowing' environment for running ESDUpacs on personal computers. ESDUview manages all
operations such as setting up input files, running the FORTRAN code and viewing output files. On selecting
ESDUpac A9322 from the menu of available programs, the user is prompted for all input data. Guidance
is provided on the features of ESDUview and all the program variables in the context-sensitive HELP
facility. At various points throughout operation a number of checks are carried out on the entered data.
Error messages alert the user to incorrect numerical values and provide guidance on their correction; other
potential problems are highlighted by warning messages.
The features of ESDUview are described in detail in Section 1 of the Fluid Mechanics, Internal Flow Series.
An executable format of the program is supplied. In order to run this version, the user must create a data
file, which contains the input data required by the program, by following exactly the data input sequence
of Section 5.3. To run the executable version of the program from the keyboard the name of the data input
file must be specified on the command line using the operating system redirection symbols, e.g.:
A9322Vxx < IN9322
where Vxx denotes the program version and IN9322 is the name of the input file.
The ESDUview format of the program is recommended for its ease of operation. Although the ESDUview
format can be operated without reference to this Data Item, the user may find useful the guidance
(complementary to that in the ESDUview HELP facility) on the program variables and model details given
in Section 5.
5. DESCRIPTION OF INPUT DATA
5.1 Data for Design Procedure
The scope of the design procedure and possible combinations of input and the output generated are
summarised in Table 5.1.
In the Design Procedure, the program requires sufficient data to determine values of one or more of the
three total pressures at the inlets and at outlet of the ejector (see Sketch 1.1), p t0 p t1 and p t5 and one or
more of the corresponding volume flow rates Q , Q and Q+ or mass flow rates m·  m·  and m·  + m·  .
The program subsequently calculates the pressure ratio, N , and the volume flow ratio, M . An option is
provided to allow the user the flexibility to input combinations of known values of pressure, mass flow rate
and supply pump running speed.

5
ESDU 93022
The user may:
either (i) allow the program to derive both M and N (that is, enter less than 2 mass or volume
flow rates and less information than is needed to define all 3 total pressures),
or (ii) enter sufficient data to define N alone (that is, enter sufficient information to define all
3 total pressures and less than 2 of the mass or volume flow rates),
or (iii) enter sufficient data to define M alone (that is, enter 2 of the 3 mass or volume flow
rates and less information than is sufficient to define all 3 total pressures),
or (iv) enter sufficient data to define both M and N (that is, enter 2 of the 3 mass or volume
flow rates and sufficient information to define all 3 total pressures).
The program optimises ejector efficiency within the bounds defined by the pressure and mass or volume
flow rate requirements. Values for both M and N are returned. If sufficient data have been provided by
the user, values of unknown pressures, volume and mass flow rates and pump speeds are also returned.
The inlet total pressures may be entered in one of the following two ways:
Either enter the ejector inlet total pressure  p t0 p t1  directly
or enter sufficient data to define an operating characteristic for pumps running upstream
of the ejector inlets (see Sketch 5.1). Using the pump characteristic, the program
calculates the ejector inlet pressure.
Sump 1
Pump 1
Zo
Sump 0
Pump 0
Z o
Ejector
Sketch 5.1 Schematic of pumps supply to ejectors inlets

6
TABLE 5.1 SUMMARY OF DESIGN PROCEDURE
Input parameters required for inlet type combinations
Primary pump, Primary pump, Constant primary pressure, Constant primary pressure, Derived parameters
secondary pump constant secondary secondary pump constant secondary
pressure pressure
Ejector dimensions
N1  Q N1  Q p t1  Q pt1  Q (choice of 2
   
N0 2 from  Q p t0 2 from  Q N0 2 from  Q pt0 2 from  Q solutions).
 +  +  +  + Remaining flow rate.
p t5  Q p t5 Q p t5 Q pt5 Q
pt1 Ejector dimensions.

N1  Q N1  Q p t1  Q  Q
    Remaining flow
N0 1 from  Q p t0 1 from  Q N0 1 from  Q pt0 1 from  Q rates.
 +  +  +  +
p t5  Q Pt5 Q p t5 Q pt5  Q
N1 N1 p t1 pt1 Ejector area ratios.

7
Flow ratio.
N0 p t0 N0 pt0
p t5 p t5 p t5 pt5
Ejector dimensions.
 N1  Q  N1  Q  p t1  Q  p t1  Q Remaining pressure/
       
2 from  N 0 2 from  Q 2 from  p t0 2 from  Q 2 from  N 0 2 from  Q
2 from  p t0 2 from  Q pump speed.
  +   +   +   + Remaining flow rate.
ESDU 93022
 pt5  Q  p t5 Q  p t5 Q  p t5 Q
Ejector dimensions.
 N1  Q  N1  Q  p t1  Q  p t1  Q Remaining pressure/
       
2 from  N 0 1 from  Q 2 from  p t0 1 from  Q 2 from  N 0 1 from  Q 2 from  p t0 1 from  Q pump speed.
  +   +   +   + Remaining flow
 pt5  Q  p t5 Q  p t5 Q  p t5 Q
rates.
 N1  N1  p t1  p t1 Ejector area ratios.
    Remaining pressure/
2 from  N0 2 from  p t0 2 from  N0 2 from  p t0
    pump speed.
 pt5  p t5  p t5  p t5 Flow ratio.
TABLE 5.1 SUMMARY OF DESIGN PROCEDURE (Continued)
Input parameters required for inlet type combinations
Primary pump, Primary pump, Constant primary pressure, Constant primary pressure, Derived parameters
secondary pump constant secondary secondary pump constant secondary
pressure pressure
 N1  Q  N1  Q  p t1  Q  p t1  Q Ejector area ratios.
        Pressure ratio.
1 from  N0
2 from  Q 1 from  p t0
2 from  Q 1 from  N0
2 from  Q 1 from  p t0
2 from  Q Remaining flow rate.
  +   +   +   +
 pt5  Q  p t5 Q  p t5 Q  p t5 Q
 N1  Q  N1  Q  p t1  Q  p t1  Q Ejector area ratios.

        Pressure ratio.
1 from  N0 1 from  Q 1 from  p t0 1 from  Q 1 from  N 0 1 from  Q 1 from  p t0 1 from  Q Remaining flow
  +   +   +   +
 p t5  Q  p t5 Q  p t5 Q  p t5  Q rates.
 N1  N1  p t1  p t1 Ejector area ratios.

    Pressure ratio.
1 from  N0 1 from  p t0 1 from  N0 1 from  p t0
    Flow ratio.
8
 pt5  p t5  p t5  p t5
 Q  Q  Q  Q Ejector area ratios.

2 from  Q 2 from  Q 2 from  Q 2 from  Q Remaining flow rate.
 +  +  +  +
 Q Q Q Q
ESDU 93022
 Q  Q  Q  Q Ejector area ratios.
1 from  Q 1 from  Q 1 from  Q 1 from  Q Remaining flow
 +  +  +  +
 Q Q Q  Q rates.
No pump running speed, No pump running speed, No pump running speed, No pressure or flow rate Ejector area ratios.
pressure or flow rate entered pressure or flow rate entered pressure or flow rate entered in input file. Pressure ratio.
in input file. in input file. entered in input file. Flow ratio.
ESDU 93022
5.2 Data for Performance Prediction Procedure
The scope of the Performance Prediction Procedure is summarised in Table 5.2.
The Performance Prediction Procedure calculates the ejector performance from combinations of input
variables. The output file contains the ejector outlet flow conditions, p t5 , and Q + and m· + , as well as
values of the inlet flow variables not defined by the data input file.
The inlet total pressures may be entered in one of two following ways:
Either enter the ejector inlet total pressure  p t0 p t1  directly

or enter sufficient data to define an operating characteristic for a pump running
upstream of the ejector inlets (see Sketch 5.1). The program calculates the ejector
inlet total pressure using the pump characteristic.
In Table 5.2 one of the eight combinations defined by the table must be chosen, and values for the parameters
in the "Input parameters" column entered in the order specified by the data entry sequence in Section 5.3.3.
Where there is a choice within the "Input parameters" column between two or more variables, the user must
assign the value 0 to parameters that the program derives. The flow rates may also be input as mass flow
rates, in which case M must be replaced by m· /m·  .
TABLE 5.2 Summary of Performance Prediction Procedure
Inlet type
Input parameters Derived parameters
Primary Secondary
stream stream
 N1  Q p t5
1 from  2 from 
 N0  Q Q+

 M Remaining pump speed, N 1 or N0
Pump Pump
N1  Q p t5

N0  Q Q+
1 from

 M Remaining flow rate(s)/ratio, Q , Q or M
p t0  Q p t5

 Q Q+
2 from 
Constant  M Primary pump speed, N1
Pump pressure
source  Q p t5
N1 
 Q Q+
pt0 1 from

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ESDU 93022
TABLE 5.2 Summary of Performance Prediction Procedure (Continued)
Inlet type
Input parameters Derived parameters
Primary Secondary
stream stream
 Q p t5
p t1

 Q Q+
2 from 
Constant  M Secondary pump speed, N0
pressure Pump
source pt1  Q p t5

N0  Q Q+
1 from 
 Q p t5
 p t1
1 from  
 Q Q+
 p t0 2 from 
Constant Constant  M Remaining pressure, p t1 or p t0
pressure pressure
source source pt1  Q p t5

pt0  Q Q+
1 from 
In the Performance Prediction Procedure the outlet conditions of an ejector can, if required, be estimated
over a range of nine values of one of five input parameters tabulated below, where the remaining four input
parameters are held constant.
Either primary pump running speed, N1 ,

or primary inlet total pressure, p t1 ,
Primary stream mass or volume flow rate, m·  or Q ,

Either secondary pump running speed, N0 ,
or secondary inlet total pressure, p t0 ,
Secondary stream mass or volume flow rate, m·  or Q ,

Mass or volume flow ratio, m· /m·  or M ,
The user must select which of the five parameters to vary, and assign to it upper and lower value limits to
define an operating range. The program reads the line of text preceding each of the five parameters listed
above. If this text begins with the five characters "RANGE", the program will read two values for the parameter,
i.e. the lower and upper limits described above. The program predicts then the performance of the ejector
using nine self-generated, equi-spaced values in this range.

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ESDU 93022
Note that flow rates may be entered either directly, as primary and secondary mass or volume flow rates
( m·  , m·  or Q , Q ), or in terms of the ratio, m· /m·  or M . Also, where a constant pressure source is
specified, the data input sequence requires values for ejector inlet total pressure and, where a pump is
specified, the pump running speed.
One, and only one, of the five parameters listed above must take a range of values. If this requirement is
not satisfied, an error message is generated by the program and no calculations are performed.
5.3 Data Input Files
At run time, the program reads from a text data input file all the information necessary to define the nature
of the problem. When using the ESDUview format of the program, this data file is generated automatically
and the program operates when the user selects RUN from an on-screen menu (provided all the pre-run
checks are satisfied). If you do not intend to use the ESDUview format but wish to run the executable code
(file A9322Vxx.EXE), this data file must be constructed (outside the program) using a text editor. The order
in which data variables are required by the program in data input files is shown in Section 5.3.1; this data
entry sequence must be followed exactly.
The data input file contains information on the type of analysis required (that is, the design or performance
prediction procedure), the flow conditions and the geometry of the ejector.
The use of data input files allows the information to be checked before each run and edited if necessary.
An attempt has been made to make this process "user friendly". The program requires the user to enter
one line of text, of up to 45 characters in length, on the line preceding each of the entries described
in Tables 5.3a, 5.3b, and 5.3c. This facility allows the user to annotate data files for ease of interpretation.
The form of the entered text is generally discretionary (and can in the minimum case be two adjacent
separators, e.g. ' ' or " "), and does not control the data input, except where noted inTable 5.3c.
Example data input files are presented in Section 7. The user should note, however, that these examples
cover only two of the large number of possible routes through the data input procedure.
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ESDU 93022
5.3.1 General Data Input
TABLE 5.3a General Data for the Analysis
Entry SI British Variable

Input parameter units units type
order
Output filename.
– –
(1) Enter name of file to which output will be written. Character
Title of the run (3 lines of text of up to 72 characters
each).
(2a) Enter text for first line of title or enter blank line. Character
(2b) Enter text for second line of title or enter blank line. – – Character
(2c) Enter text for third line of title or enter blank line. Character
(3) Enter 1 or 2 as required, where – – Integer
1 is for SI units,
2 is for British units.
(4) Enter  , the density of the primary liquid. kg/m3 lb/ft3 Real
(5) Enter  , the density of the secondary liquid. kg/m3 lb/ft3 Real
(6) Enter x , the volume reduction factor of the mixed Real
– –
liquids.
(7) Enter p vap , the vapour pressure of the secondary kPa psi Real
liquid.
(8) Enter  , the cavitation index. – – Real
(9) Enter 1 or 2 as required, where Integer
1 instructs the program to accept data in terms of
volume flow rates, – –
2 instructs the program to accept data in terms of
mass flow rates.
(10) Enter 1 or 2 as required, where Integer
1 instructs the program to use Design Calculation,
– –
2 instructs the program to use Performance Prediction
Procedure.
The data entry sequence continues as follows:
For Entry at (10) Go to Entry

1 (Design) (D11) in Table 5.3b of Section 5.3.2
2 (Performance) (P11) in Table 5.3c of Section 5.3.3

12
ESDU 93022
5.3.2 Design Procedure Input
For the Design Procedure, the data entry sequence continues at Entry (D11).
TABLE 5.3b Data for Design Procedure
Entry Input parameter SI British Variable

order units units type
If 2 was entered in (10) go to Entry (P11) in

(D11)
Table 5.3c.
Enter 0 or 1 as required where – – Integer
0 indicates constant pressure at primary inlet,

1 indicates a pump upstream of primary inlet.
(D12) Enter 0 or 1 as required where Integer

– –
0 indicates constant pressure at secondary inlet,
1 indicates a pump upstream of secondary inlet.
If entry (D11) is 1, the program requires as input Entries (D13) to (D19) to determine the characteristic of
the pump upstream of the ejector primary inlet. These entries define three points on the pump characteristic,
as discussed in Appendix A, Section A.2.11.
TABLE 5.3b Data for Design Procedure (Continued)

If 0 was entered in (D11) go to Entry (D21).
(D13) Enter primary stream pump rated running speed, N R rev/min rev/min Real
Enter primary stream pump rated volume flow rate, m3/s ft3/s Real
(D14)
Q R .
(D15) Enter primary stream pump zero flow head, H q = 0 . m ft Real
(D16) Enter primary stream pump rated head, H R . m ft Real
Enter primary stream pump half rated volume flow m ft Real

(D17)
rate head, H q = 0.5 .
(D18) Enter primary sump pressure, p o . kPa psi Real
Enter elevation of liquid surface in primary sump m ft Real

(D19)
above ejector, Z o .
As described above, the program requires sufficient data to define values for up to three of the total pressures,
p t0 p t1 p t5 and up to two of the volume flow rates, Q , Q or Q+ or mass flow rates, m·  m·  m·  + m·  .

13
ESDU 93022
The data entry sequence continues at Entry (D20) to define the primary flow. An entry of 0 informs the
program that the value of a parameter is required as output.

(D20) If 1 was entered in (D11)
either enter primary stream pump running speed, N , rev/min rev/min Real
or enter 0 if this speed is unknown (see above).
Go to Entry (D22).

either enter primary stream entry total pressure, p t1 , kPa psi Real
or enter 0 if this pressure is unknown.
(D22) If 1 was entered in (9)
either enter primary stream volume flow rate, Q , m3/s ft3/s Real
or enter 0 if this volume flow rate is unknown.
If 2 was entered in (9)
either enter primary stream mass flow rate, m·  , kg/s lb/s Real
or enter 0 if this mass flow rate is unknown.
If entry (D12) is 1 the program requires as input Entries (D23) to (D29), to determine the characteristic of
the pump upstream of the ejector secondary inlet. These Entries define three points on the pump
characteristic, as discussed in Appendix A, Section A.2.11.

(D23) If 0 was entered in (D12) go to Entry (D31).
Enter secondary stream pump rated running speed, N R . rev/min rev/min Real
(D24) Enter secondary stream pump rated volume flow rate, Q R . m3/s ft3/s Real
(D25) Enter secondary stream pump zero flow head, H q = 0  . m ft Real
(D26) Enter secondary stream pump rated head, H R . m ft Real
Enter secondary stream pump half rated volume flow rate m ft Real
(D27)
head, H q = 0.5 .
(D28) Enter secondary sump pressure, p . kPa psi Real
Enter elevation of liquid surface secondary sump above m ft Real

(D29)
ejector, Z o .

14
ESDU 93022
The data entry sequence continues at Entry (D30) to define the secondary flow. An entry of 0 informs the
program that the value of a parameter is unknown.

either enter secondary stream pump running speed, N , rev/min rev/min Real
or enter 0 if this speed is unknown (see above).
Go to Entry (D32).
If 0 was entered in (D12)

either enter secondary stream entry total pressure, p t0 , kPa psi Real
(D31)
either enter secondary stream volume flow rate, Q , m3/s ft3/s Real
either enter secondary stream mass flow rate, m·  , kg/s lb/s Real
Either enter ejector exit plane total pressure, p t5 , kPa psi Real
(D33)
either enter exit plane volume flow rate, Q 5 , m3/s ft3/s Real
either enter exit plane mass flow rate, m·  + m·  , kg/s lb/s Real
The following area ratio and estimates of loss coefficients (Entries (D35) to (D39)) are required as input.

15
ESDU 93022
TABLE 5.3b Data for Design Procedure (continued)

(D35) Enter mixing duct area ratio, A ME = A 4 /A e . – – Real
(D36) Enter primary nozzle loss coefficient, K p . – – Real
(D37) Enter secondary entry loss coefficient, K s . – – Real
(D38) Enter mixing duct loss coefficient, K m . – – Real
(D39) Enter diffuser loss coefficient, K d . – – Real

No further entries are required for the Design Procedure.
5.3.3 Performance Prediction Procedure Input
For the Performance Prediction Procedure, the data entry sequence continues at Entry (P11).
TABLE 5.3c Data for Performance Prediction Procedure

(P11) enter 0 or 1 as required where – – Integer
0 indicates constant pressure at primary inlet

1 indicates a pump upstream of primary inlet.
(P12) Enter 0 or 1 as required where Integer
0 indicates constant pressure at secondary inlet

1 indicates a pump upstream of secondary inlet.
If entry (P11) is 1, the program requires as input Entries (P13) to (P19), to determine the characteristic of
the pump upstream of the ejector primary inlet. These entries define three points on the pump characteristic,
as discussed in Appendix A, Section A.2.11.

16
ESDU 93022
TABLE 5.3c Data for Performance Prediction Procedure (Continued)

If 0 was entered in (P11) go to Entry (P21).
(P13) Enter primary stream pump rated running speed, N R . rev/min rev/min Real
(P14) Enter primary stream pump rated volume flow rate, Q R . m3/s ft3/s Real
(P15) Enter primary stream pump zero flow head, H q = 0 . m ft Real
(P16) Enter primary stream pump rated head, H R . m ft Real

Enter primary stream pump half rated volume flow rate m ft Real
(P17)
head, H q = 0.5 .
(P18) Enter primary sump pressure, p o . kPa psi Real
(P19) Enter height of primary sump above ejector, Z o . m ft Real
The data entry sequence continues at Entry (P20) to define the primary flow. An entry of 0 informs the
program that the value of a parameter is unknown.
TABLE 5.3c Data for Performance Prediction Precedure (Continued)

(P20) If 1 was entered in (P11)
either start line of text preceding Entry (P20) with rev/min rev/min Real
"Range" and enter lower and upper limits for
primary stream pump running speed, N ,
or enter primary stream pump running speed, N , rev/min rev/min Real
or enter 0 if primary stream pump running speed,

N , is a required output.
Go to Entry (P22).
If 0 was entered in (P11)
either start line of text preceding Entry (P21) with kPa psi Real
(P21) "Range" and enter lower and upper limits for
primary inlet total pressure, p t1 ,
or enter ejector primary inlet total pressure, p t1 , kPa psi Real
or enter 0 if primary inlet total pressure, p t1 , is a

required output.

17
ESDU 93022
TABLE 5.3c Data for Performance Prediction Precedure (Continued)
(P22) If 1 was entered in (9)
either start line of text preceding Entry (P22) with m3/s ft3/s Real
primary stream volume flow rate, Q ,
or enter primary stream volume flow rate, Q , m3/s ft3/s Real
or enter 0 if primary stream volume flow rate, Q ,

is a required output.
either start line of text preceding Entry (P22) with kg/s lb/s Real

primary stream mass flow rate, m· 
or enter primary stream mass flow rate, m·  kg/s lb/s Real
or enter 0 if primary stream mass flow rate, m·  , is a

required output.
If entry (P12) is 1, the program requires as input Entries (P23) to (P29) to determine the characteristic of
the pump upstream of the ejector secondary inlet. These entries define three points on the pump
characteristic, as discussed in Appendix A, Section A.2.11.

Input parameter
(P23) If 0 was entered in (P12) go to Entry (P31).
Enter secondary stream pump rated running speed, NR . rev/min rev/min Real
Enter secondary stream pump rated volume flow rate, Q R . m3/s ft3/s Real
(P24)
(P25) Enter secondary stream pump zero flow head, Hq = 0 . m ft Real
(P26) Enter secondary stream pump rated head, H R . m ft Real
Enter secondary stream pump half rated volume flow rate m ft Real
(P27)
head, Hq = 0.5 .
(P28) Enter secondary sump pressure, p o . kPa psi Real
(P29) Enter height of secondary sump above ejector, Z o . m ft Real

18
ESDU 93022
The data entry sequence continues of Entry (P30) to define the secondary flow. An entry of 0 informs the
program that the value of the parameter is unknown.

Input parameter
(P30) If 1 was entered in (P12)
either start line of text preceding Entry (P30) with rev/min rev/min Real
secondary stream pump running speed, N
or enter secondary stream pump running speed, rev/min rev/min Real
N
or enter 0 if secondary stream pump running

speed, N , is a required output.
Go to Entry (P32).
If 0 was entered in (P12)
either start line of text preceding Entry (P31) with kPa psi Real
(P31) "Range" and enter lower and upper limits for
secondary inlet total pressure, p t0
or enter ejector secondary inlet total pressure, kPa psi Real
p t0
or enter 0 if secondary inlet total pressure, p t0 ,
is a required output.
either start line of text preceding Entry (P32) with m3/s ft3/s Real
secondary stream volume flow rate, Q
or enter secondary stream volume flow rate, Q m3/s ft3/s Real
or enter 0 if secondary stream volume flow rate,

Q , is a required output.
either start line of text preceding Entry (P32) with kg/s lb/s Real
secondary stream mass flow rate, m· 
or enter secondary stream mass flow rate, m·  kg/s lb/s Real
or enter 0 if secondary stream mass flow rate

m·  , is a required output

19
ESDU 93022
either start line of text preceding Entry (P33) with Real

"Range" and enter lower and upper limits for – –
volume flow ratio, M
or enter volume flow ratio, M – –
or enter 0 if volume flow ratio, M , is a required

output
either start line of text preceding Entry (P33) with Real

"Range" and enter lower and upper limits for – –

mass flow ratio, m· /m· 
or enter mass flow ratio, m· /m·  – – Real
or enter 0 if mass flow ratio, m· /m·  , is a

required output
In the Performance Prediction Procedure, the program requires as input the ejector areas A e  , A e and A 4 .

Input parameter
(P34) Enter primary nozzle exit area, A e . m2 ft2 Real
(P35) Enter mixing duct entry area, A e . m2 ft2 Real
(P36) Enter mixing duct exit area, A 4 . m2 ft2 Real
Estimates of the loss coefficients of Entries (P37) to (P40) are required as input.

20
ESDU 93022

(P37) Enter primary nozzle loss coefficient, K p . – – Real
(P38) Enter secondary entry loss coefficient, K s . – – Real
(P39) Enter mixing duct loss coefficient, K m . – – Real
(P40) Enter diffuser loss coefficient, K d . – – Real
No further entries are required for the Performance Prediction Procedure.

6. PROGRAM OUTPUT
The program output is written to a text file. The data input sequence requires the user to provide a name
for this file (Entry 1). The file can be viewed within ESDUview or with a standard text editor.
A list of any warning messages and error conditions arising during the operation of the program is given
in the output file. The form of the file is dependent on the chosen procedure and the options specified for
the analysis within the procedure. Example output files are given in Section 7.

21
ESDU 93022
7. WORKED EXAMPLES
This section contains the input and output files for two runs of the program. The examples demonstrate the
different types of output file generated by the Design and Performance Prediction Procedures, being
Examples 1 and 3 of Section 9 of ESDU 85032.
7.1 Design Procedure Example
7.1.1 Data input file
The following listing shows the data input file for the worked example of Section 9.1 of ESDU 85032.
‘(1),Output filename’
‘EXAMPLE1.TXT’
‘(2),Three title lines of up to 72 characters’
‘EXAMPLE1.INP: Design procedure using first example of ESDU 85032’

‘Input: primary pt1, secondary pt0, exit pt5 ‘
‘ primary Q’’, secondary Q” ‘
‘(3),1 for SI units, 2 for British’
1
‘(4),Primary liquid density’
998
‘(5),Secondary liquid density’
1098
‘(6),Liquid mixing volume reduction factor’
1
‘(7),Secondary liquid vapour pressure’
3
‘(8),Cavitation index’
1.35
‘(9),1 for volume flows, 2 for mass flows’
1
‘(10),1 for Design Procedure, 2 for Performance’
1
‘(D11),0 for const primary pressure, 1 for pump’
0
‘(D12),0 for const secondary pressure, 1 for pump’
0
‘(D21),Primary inlet total pressure (0 if unknown)’

429.8
‘(D22),Primary mass/volume flow rate (0 if unknown)’
0.01
‘(D31),Secondary inlet total pressure (0 if unknown)’

133.6
‘(D32),Secondary mass/volume flow rate (0 if unknown)’
0.01
‘(D33),Exit plane total pressure (0 if unknown)’

200.0
‘(D34),Exit plane mass/volume flow rate (0 if unknown)’
0
‘(D35),Mixing duct area ratio, Ame’
1
‘(D36,P37),Primary nozzle loss coefficient, Kp’
0.04
‘(D37,P38),Secondary inlet loss coefficient, Ks’
0.11
‘(D38,P39),Mixing duct loss coefficient, Km’
0.186
‘(D39,P40),Diffuser loss coefficient, Kd’
0.12

22
ESDU 93022
7.1.2 Output file
This Section contains the output file, EXAMPLE1.OUT, generated when ESDUpac A9322 V15 is run using
the data input file of Section 7.1.1.
****************************************************************************
ESDU International plc.
PROGRAM A9322V15
****************************************************************************
ESDUpac Version 1.5; 29 September 2008
ESDUpac Title: EJECTORS AND JET PUMPS:
Design and performance for incompressible liquid flow.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Related Data Item: ESDU 85032.
Data Item Title: EJECTORS AND JET PUMPS:

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Manual Data Item: ESDU 93022, Amendment B.
Manual Data Item Title: EJECTORS AND JET PUMPS:
Computer program for design and performance
for liquid flow.
****************************************************************************
See Manual Data Item for full input/output specification and interpretation
****************************************************************************
RUN TITLE
---------
EXAMPLE1.INP: Design procedure using first example of ESDU 85032
Input: primary pt1, secondary pt0, exit pt5
primary Q’, secondary Q”
********************************************
* *
* there is one error or warning message. *
* *
********************************************
................................................................
Liqej : warning message 1
Cavitation warning.
Case 2. Secondary flow may cavitate, reducing efficiency.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S I UNITS
-------------
Lengths : m Pressures : kPa
Areas : m^2 Mass flow rates : kg/s
Velocities : m/s Volume flow rates : m^3/s
Densities : kg/m^3 Pump speeds : rev/min
*********************************

23
ESDU 93022
LIQUID PROPERTIES
-----------------
Primary liquid density rho’ = 998.0 kg/m^3
Secondary liquid density rho” = 1098. kg/m^3

Secondary liquid vapour pressure p_vap = 3.000 kPa
Secondary liquid cavitation index sigma = 1.350
Mixed liquid volume reduction factor x = 1.000
LOSS COEFFICIENTS
-----------------
Primary nozzle loss coefficient Kp = 0.4000E-01
Secondary inlet loss coefficient Ks = 0.1100
Mixing duct loss coefficient Km = 0.1860
Diffuser loss coefficient Kd = 0.1200
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
-------------------
Pressures
Primary inlet total pressure pt1 = 429.8 kPa
Secondary inlet total pressure pt0 = 133.6 kPa
Diffuser exit total pressure pt5 = 200.0 kPa
Volume flow rates

Primary stream volume flow rate Q’ = 0.1000E-01 m^3/s
Secondary stream volume flow rate Q” = 0.1000E-01 m^3/s
Geometry
Mixing duct area ratio Ame = 1.000
----------------------------------------------------------------
OUTPUT OF RESULTS
-----------------
EJECTOR DESIGN
--------------
* a required design value
F value fixed by the program
D derived by the Design Method
Mixed stream density = 1048. kg/m^3 (D)
Pressures
Primary inlet total pressure pt1 = 429.8 kPa (*)
Secondary inlet total pressure pt0 = 133.6 kPa (*)
Diffuser exit total pressure pt5 = 200.0 kPa (*)
Flow rates
Primary stream mass flow rate (mdot)’ = 9.980 kg/s (D)
Primary stream volume flow rate Q’ = 0.1000E-01 m^3/s (*)
Secondary stream mass flow rate (mdot)” = 10.98 kg/s (D)
Secondary stream volume flow rate Q” = 0.1000E-01 m^3/s (*)
Mixed stream mass flow rate (mdot)’+(mdot)” = 20.96 kg/s (D)
Mixed stream volume flow rate Q+ = 0.2000E-01 m^3/s (D)
Volume flow ratio Q”/Q’ M = 1.000 (D)

Mass flow ratio mdot”/mdot’ = 1.100 (D)
Pressure ratio (pt5-pt0)/(pt1-pt5) N = 0.2242 (D)
Ejector efficiency eta = 0.2242 (D)

24
ESDU 93022
SOLUTION 1
----------
Geometry
Primary nozzle exit area Ae’ = 0.4127E-03 m^2 (de’ = 0.2292E-01 m ) (D)
Secondary inlet area Ae” = 0.2689E-02 m^2 (de” = 0.6284E-01 m ) (D)
Diffuser inlet area A4 = 0.3102E-02 m^2 (d4 = 0.6284E-01 m ) (D)
Diffuser exit area A5 = 0.1551E-01 m^2 (d5 = 0.1405 m ) (D)
Nozzle area ratio R = Ae’/ A4 = 0.1331 (D)
Mixing duct area ratio Ame = 1.000 (*)

Mixing duct length ratio (S + L)/D4 = 7.0 (F)
Mixing duct length S + L = 0.4399 m (D)
Diffuser area ratio A5/A4 = 5.0 (F)

Diffuser included angle phi = 7.0 degrees (F)
Diffuser length Ld = 0.6350 m (D)
Velocities
Primary nozzle exit velocity Ue’ = 24.23 m/s (D)
Secondary inlet velocity Ue” = 3.719 m/s (D)
Mixing duct exit velocity U4 = 6.448 m/s (D)
Diffuser exit velocity U5 = 1.290 m/s (D)
SOLUTION 2
----------
Geometry
Primary nozzle exit area Ae’ = 0.3611E-03 m^2 (de’ = 0.2144E-01 m ) (D)
Secondary inlet area Ae” = 0.7737E-03 m^2 (de” = 0.3801E-01 m ) (D)
Diffuser inlet area A4 = 0.1135E-02 m^2 (d4 = 0.3801E-01 m ) (D)
Diffuser exit area A5 = 0.5674E-02 m^2 (d5 = 0.8500E-01 m ) (D)
Nozzle area ratio R = Ae’/ A4 = 0.3182 (D)
Mixing duct area ratio Ame = 1.000 (*)

Mixing duct length ratio (S + L)/D4 = 7.0 (F)
Mixing duct length S + L = 0.2661 m (D)
Diffuser area ratio A5/A4 = 5.0 (F)

Diffuser included angle phi = 7.0 degrees (F)
Diffuser length Ld = 0.3841 m (D)
Velocities
Primary nozzle exit velocity Ue’ = 27.69 m/s (D)
Secondary inlet velocity Ue” = 12.92 m/s (D)
Mixing duct exit velocity U4 = 17.62 m/s (D)
Diffuser exit velocity U5 = 3.525 m/s (D)
****************************************************************************
END OF OUTPUT FILE EXAMPLE1.TXT
****************************************************************************

25
ESDU 93022
7.2 Performance Prediction Procedure Example
7.2.1 Data input file
The following listing shows the data input file for the worked example of Section 9.3 of ESDU 85032.
‘(1),Output filename’
‘EXAMPLE2.TXT’
‘(2),Three title lines of up to 72 characters’
‘EXAMPLE2.INP: Prediction procedure, third example of ESDU 85032’
‘Input: range primary pt1 secondary pt0’
‘ volume flow ratio M’
‘(3),1 for SI units, 2 for British’
1
‘(4),Primary liquid density’
765
‘(5),Secondary liquid density’

765
‘(6),Liquid mixing volume reduction factor’
1
‘(7),Secondary liquid vapour pressure’
13.8
‘(8),Cavitation index’
1.35
‘(9),1 for volume flows, 2 for mass flows’
1
‘(10),1 for Design Procedure, 2 for Performance’
2
‘(P11),0 for const primary pressure, 1 for pump’
0
‘(P12),0 for const secondary pressure, 1 for pump’
0
‘Range (P21) Primary inlet total pressure (0 if unknown)’

200 1000
‘(P22),Primary mass/volume flow rate (0 if unknown)’
0
‘(P31),Secondary inlet total pressure (0 if unknown)’

40
‘(P32),Secondary mass/volume flow rate (0 if unknown)’
0
‘(P33),Volume flow ratio (0 if unknown)’

2.5
‘(P34),Primary nozzle exit area, Ae’.’

0.00001134
‘(P35),Mixing duct entry area, Ae.’
0.0022698
‘(P36),Mixing duct exit area, A4.’
0.0022698
‘(D36,P37),Primary nozzle loss coefficient, Kp’

0.05
‘(D37,P38),Secondary inlet loss coefficient, Ks’
0.38
‘(D38,P39),Mixing duct loss coefficient, Km’
0.15
‘(D39,P40),Diffuser loss coefficient, Kd’
0.12

26
ESDU 93022
7.2.2 Output file
This section contains the output file, EXAMPLE3.OUT, generated when ESDUpac A9322 V15 is run using
the data input file of Section 7.2.1
****************************************************************************
ESDU International plc.
PROGRAM A9322V15
****************************************************************************
ESDUpac Version 1.5; 29 September 2008
ESDUpac Title: EJECTORS AND JET PUMPS:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Related Data Item: ESDU 85032.
Data Item Title: EJECTORS AND JET PUMPS:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Manual Data Item: ESDU 93022, Amendment B.
Manual Data Item Title: EJECTORS AND JET PUMPS:
Computer program for design and performance
for liquid flow.
****************************************************************************
See Manual Data Item for full input/output specification and interpretation
****************************************************************************
RUN TITLE
---------
EXAMPLE2.INP: Prediction procedure, third example of ESDU 85032
Input: range primary pt1 secondary pt0
volume flow ratio M
********************************************
* *
* there are no error or warning messages. *
* *
********************************************
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S I UNITS
-------------
Lengths : m Pressures : kPa
Areas : m^2 Mass flow rates : kg/s
Velocities : m/s Volume flow rates : m^3/s
Densities : kg/m^3 Pump speeds : rev/min
*********************************
LIQUID PROPERTIES
-----------------
Primary liquid density rho’ = 765.0 kg/m^3
Secondary liquid density rho” = 765.0 kg/m^3

Secondary liquid vapour pressure p_vap = 13.80 kPa
Secondary liquid cavitation index sigma = 1.350
Mixed liquid volume reduction factor x = 1.000

27
ESDU 93022
LOSS COEFFICIENTS
-----------------
Primary nozzle loss coefficient Kp = 0.5000E-01
Secondary inlet loss coefficient Ks = 0.3800
Mixing duct loss coefficient Km = 0.1500
Diffuser loss coefficient Kd = 0.1200
EJECTOR GEOMETRY
----------------
Areas
Primary nozzle exit area Ae’ = 0.1134E-04 m^2
Mixing duct entry area Ae = 0.2270E-02 m^2
Mixing duct exit area A4 = 0.2270E-02 m^2
Diffuser exit area A5 = 0.1135E-01 m^2
----------------------------------------------------------------
OUTPUT OF RESULTS
-----------------
EJECTOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION

------------------------------
(*) an input value
(P) derived by Performance Prediction method
Run Number 1
--------------
Discharge liquid density = 765.0 kg/m^3 (P)
Pressures
Diffuser exit total pressure pt5 = 41.48 kPa (P)
Flow rates
Primary stream mass flow rate (mdot)’ = 0.1732 kg/s (P)
Primary stream volume flow rate Q’ = 0.2264E-03 m^3/s (P)
Secondary stream mass flow rate (mdot)” = 0.4329 kg/s (P)
Secondary stream volume flow rate Q” = 0.5659E-03 m^3/s (P)
Mixed stream mass flow rate (mdot)’+(mdot)” = 0.6061 kg/s (P)
Mixed stream volume flow rate Q+ = 0.7923E-03 m^3/s (P)
Volume flow ratio Q”/Q’ M = 2.500 (*)

Mass flow ratio mdot”/mdot’ = 2.500 (P)
Pressure ratio (pt5-pt0)/(pt1-pt5) N = 0.9326E-02 (P)
Ejector efficiency eta = 0.2332E-01 (P)
Velocities
Primary nozzle exit velocity Ue’ = 19.96 m/s (P)
Secondary inlet velocity Ue” = 0.2506 m/s (P)
Mixing duct exit velocity U4 = 0.3491 m/s (P)
Diffuser exit velocity U5 = 0.6981E-01 m/s (P)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run Number 2
--------------
Pressures

28
ESDU 93022
Flow rates

Velocities
Diffuser exit velocity U5 = 0.8899E-01 m/s (P)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run Number 3
--------------
Pressures
Flow rates

Velocities
Diffuser exit velocity U5 = 0.1047 m/s (P)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run Number 4
--------------
Pressures

29
ESDU 93022
Flow rates

Velocities

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run Number 5
--------------
Pressures
Flow rates

Velocities
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run Number 6
--------------
Pressures

30
ESDU 93022
Flow rates

Velocities

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run Number 7
--------------
Pressures
Flow rates

Velocities
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run Number 8
--------------
Pressures

31
ESDU 93022
Flow rates

Velocities

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run Number 9
--------------
Pressures
Primary inlet total pressure pt1 = 1000. kPa (*)
Flow rates

Velocities
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
****************************************************************************
END OF OUTPUT FILE EXAMPLE2.TXT
****************************************************************************

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ESDU 93022
8. DERIVATION AND REFERENCES
8.1 Derivation
The computer program is based on the data in the following ESDU Data Item.
1. ESDU Ejectors and jet pumps. Design and performance for incompressible
liquid flow. ESDU 85032, ESDU, London, December 1985.
8.2 References
The following References are recommended sources of supplementary information.

2. ESDU Ejectors and jet pumps. Design for steam driven flow. ESDU 86030,
ESDU, London, November 1986.
3. ESDU Ejectors and jet pumps. Design and performance for compressible gas
flow. ESDU 88002, ESDU, London, June 1988.
4. ESDU Ejectors and jet pumps. Computer program for design and
performance for compressible gas flow. ESDU 92042, ESDU,
London, December 1993.
The following References are of use in determining the factors described in Section 5.1.
5. GREY, R.E. Performance of conical jet nozzles in terms of flow and velocity
WILSTEAD, H.D. coefficients. NACA Rep. 933, Nat. adv. Comm. aeronautics, USA,
1949.
6. REDDY, Y.R. Theory and performance of water jet pumps. Proc. am. Soc. civil
KAR, S. Engrs, J. Hydraulic Div., Vol. 94, No. HY5, pp. 1261-1281, 1968.
7. ESDU Introduction to design and performance data for diffusers.
ESDU 76027, ESDU, London, November 1976.
8. ESDU Performance of conical diffusers in incompressible flow.
ESDU 73024, ESDU, London, March 1980.

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ESDU 93022
APPENDIX A
A.1 NOTATION
This notation is for use with this Appendix only and extends that in Section 1. The units given here are
coherent sets appropriate for use directly in the equations presented in this Appendix.
SI Units British Units
A cross-sectional area m2 ft2
A ME area ratio, A 4 /A e – –
A B C coefficients of pump characteristic – –

C density ratio, / – –
C pr diffuser static pressure recovery coefficient – –
d diameter m ft
f Fanning friction factor – –
f notional mean friction factor for mixing duct
H increase in head at pump m ft
h non-dimensionalised increase in head at pump, H/H R – –
Kd diffuser loss coefficient – –
Km mixing duct loss coefficient – –
Kp primary nozzle loss coefficient – –
Ks secondary inlet loss coefficient – –
L length of parallel-sided section of mixing duct m ft
M volume flow ratio, Q/Q – –
m· mass flow rate kg/s *

slug/s
N pressure ratio,  p t5 – p t0 /  p t1 – p t5  – –
N pump running speed rad/s rad/s
n non-dimensionalised pump running speed, N/N R – –

For footnotes see end of Section A.1 – –

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ESDU 93022
p absolute static pressure Pa lbf/ft2
p vap vapour pressure of secondary liquid Pa lbf/ft2
p ref reference pressure Pa lbf/ft2
pt absolute total pressure Pa lbf/ft2
Q volume flow rate m3/s ft3/s
q non-dimensionalised volume flow rate for pump, Q/Q R – –
R primary nozzle area ratio, A e /A 4 – –

S length of non-parallel-sided section of mixing duct m ft
U flow velocity m/s ft/s
x mixing volume reduction factor Q + /  Q + Q  – –
Z height of sump above ejector m ft
 ejector efficiency – –
 liquid density kg/m3 *

slug/ft3
 cavitation index – –
 notional mean mixing-duct wall shear stress N/m2 lbf/ft2
d diffuser wall angle degree degree
m mean mixing duct semi-included angle degree degree
* 1 slug = 32.174 lb mass
Subscripts
e primary nozzle exit plane

max upper limit of parameter
o sump
q=0 condition where pump flow rate is zero
q = 0.5 condition where pump flow rate is half rated flow, i.e. Q = Q R /2
R rated conditions of pump

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ESDU 93022
0 secondary flow entry plane
1 primary flow entry plane
3 mixing duct entry plane
4 mixing duct exit plane
5 diffuser exit plane
The reference planes are defined in Sketch 1.1. Note that, for constant-area mixing, planes 2 and 3 are
coincident and are referred to by subscript e .
Superscripts
 refers to primary stream
 refers to secondary stream
+ refers to mixed stream
A.2 BASIC THEORY
The theory around which ESDUpac A9322 is based is broadly that presented in ESDU 85032. However,
this theory is extended in order to account for the use of liquids with a volume change on mixing, for a
non-parallel-sided mixing duct and for pumped as well as constant-pressure primary and secondary inlet
supplies. For convenience, the resulting derivation is presented here.
A.2.1 Assumptions
1. Both primary and secondary fluids are liquids and therefore incompressible.
2. Flow is one-dimensional at the numbered or lettered planes.
3. The primary nozzle exit plane coincides with the mixing duct entrance plane.
4. The nozzle wall thickness at the exit is zero.
5. The mixing duct is made up of two sections; one convergent (or divergent) of length S and
one parallel-sided, length L . Note that either of these lengths may be zero.
6. Mixing (momentum transfer) is completed within the mixing duct prior to the diffuser entry.
7. The characteristics of the pumps upstream of the primary and secondary inlets, where
relevant, may be modelled by a quadratic in pump speed and flow rate.
A.2.2 Losses
Losses in the different parts of the ejector are accounted for by dimensionless loss coefficients. Losses
occurring just upstream of the primary nozzle and secondary inlet and just downstream of the diffuser are
considered as part of the installation to which the pump is attached.

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ESDU 93022
Primary nozzle
The loss coefficient can be expressed in terms of the pressure difference across the nozzle,
p t1 – p te 
K p = ------------------------ . (A.1)
½U e 2
Rearranging,
p t1 = p e + ½U e 2  1 + K p  . (A.2)
Secondary inlet
The loss may be treated in a similar manner to give
p t0 – p te 
K s = ------------------------- . (A.3)
½U e 2
Rearranging
p t0 = p e + ½U e 2  1 + K s  . (A.4)
Mixing duct
The mixing duct loss coefficient can be expressed in terms of a notional mean friction factor, f , as
S + L
K m = 4f ------------------- . (A.5)
d4
With reference conditions taken as those at Section 4, the Fanning friction factor, f , provides a good
approximation for f for parallel-sided mixing ducts. However, it may be expected that f is underestimated
by f if a significant length of conical mixing duct is present.
Diffuser
The loss coefficient in the diffuser is defined as
p t4 – p t5
K d = ---------------------- . (A.6)
+ 2
½ U 4
Diffuser performance is often quoted in terms of a static pressure recovery, C pr , where
p5 – p4
C pr = --------------------- , (A.7)
+ 2
½ U 4

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ESDU 93022
which is related to the diffuser loss coefficient, K d , by
2
 A4 
K d = 1 –  ------  – C pr . (A.8)
 A5 
Throughout this derivation, K d is used to represent diffuser losses, rather than C pr .
Rearranging Equation (A.6) yields
+ 2
p t5 = p 4 + ½ U 4  1 – K d  . (A.9)
A.2.3 Volume reduction factor
When two liquids are mixed, the volume flow rate of the resulting mixture may not be equal to the sum of
the volume flow rates of the two components. A volume reduction factor, x , is introduced to represent this
reduction, where
(Volume flow rate of mixture)

x = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Sum of volume flow rates of components)
Q
+ A4 U4
= --------------------- = --------------------------------------------- . (A.10)
Q + Q A e U e + A e U e
A.2.4 Mixing duct convergence ratio
To represent non-parallel-sided mixing ducts, an area convergence ratio, A ME , is introduced, where
A4 A4
A ME = ------ = ------------------------- . (A.11)
Ae A e + A e
A.2.5 Mass flow continuity
The equation of mass flow continuity for the ejector is
+ + +
m·  + m·  = Q + Q = m· =  Q . (A.12)
Rearranging and substituting for x from Equation (A.10) and C and M yields
+   1 + CM
. = -----  -------------------- (A.13)
x 1+M

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ESDU 93022
A.2.6 Pressure difference equations
Considering conservation of momentum in the mixing duct,
+
p e A e + m· U e + p e A e + m· U e –  p 4 A 4 + m· U 4  = net force on mixing duct . (A.14)
If the static pressures at the primary and secondary inlets to the mixing duct are assumed to be equal and
constant pressure mixing is assumed in the conical section of mixing duct, Equation (A.14) can be expressed
as
2 2 + 2
p e Ae + pe Ae – p 4 A4 + Ae U e + A e Ue –  A4 U4
= p e  A e – A 4  + mixing duct wall shear (A.15)
reducing to
+ 2 Ae  2 A e 2 mixing duct shear force

p e – p 4 =  U 4 –  -------- U e  –  --------- U e + -------------------------------------------------------- (A.16)
A4 A4 A4
Introducing a mean wall shear stress,  , and a related mean friction factor, f , and using Equation (A.5)
+ 2 A4
mixing duct shear force = d 4  S + L  = ½ U4 4 ------ f  S + L 
d4
+ 2
= ½ U 4 A 4 K m . (A.17)
Substituting Equation and the ratios C M R and A ME into Equation (A.16) yields
2
 U e A e 2 U 4  Km
2 +
p4 – pe = ½U e 2 2R + 2 -----
- -----------
- --------
- – --------- ----------- 1 + ------- (A.18)
 U  2 A 4  U  2  2
e e
 Q A e  A e 2  1 + CM   Q A e  
2 2
+ K m
= ½U e 2 2R + 2C  --------- -------- --------- – --- -------------------------  ------- --------  1 + ------- (A.19)
 A e Q  A 4 x  1 + M   A 4 Q   2
2  RA ME  Km
= ½Ue 2 2R + 2CM R  ----------------------- – 2xR  1 + CM   1 + M   1 + -------
2
(A.20)
 1 – RAME   2
Combining Equations (A.4) and (A.9) substituting the ratios, C M R and A ME ,
2RAME  2
pt5 – pt0 = p4 – p e + ½Ue 2 xR 2  1 + CM   1 + M   1 – K d  – CM  1 – RA
-----------------------  1 + Ks  . (A.21)
 ME

39
ESDU 93022
Substituting Equation (A.20) in Equation (A.21) gives
RA ME  2  2  1 – RAME 
2 
pt5 – pt0 = ½Ue 2 2R + CM  -----------------------  ------------------------------- –  1 + Ks 
 1 – RAME  AME 
– xR 2  1 + CM   1 + M   1 + Km + Kd  . (A.22)
Likewise, Equations (A.2) and (A.9) can be combined with Equation (A.20) to yield
p t1 – p t5 = p e – p 4 + ½U e 2   1 + K p  – x R 2  1 + CM   1 + M   1 – K d  
2  RA ME 
= ½U e 2  1 + K p  – 2R – 2CM R  -----------------------
 1 – RAME
+ xR 2  1 + CM   1 + M   1 + K m + K d  . (A.23)
A.2.7 Efficiency
The efficiency of a jet pump is often relatively unimportant, since in many applications it is used in
conjunction with another device whose efficiency is more critical. Computation of efficiency is still useful,
however, for comparing one pump design with another.
The efficiency of any device is usually defined as the ratio of the total energy extracted to the total energy
put in. Applying this concept to the jet pump, the basic efficiency can be expressed as
 Q + Q   p t5 – p ref 
 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . (A.24)
Q  p t1 – p ref  + Q  p t0 – p ref 
If the jet pump is used in a system where the primary fluid is recirculated (see Sketch B.1 of ESDU 85032),
an expression for efficiency may be derived by taking p t0 as the reference pressure. Equation (A.24) can
be rearranged to give:
Q  p t5 – p t0  + Q  p t5 – p t0 
 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . (A.25)
Q  p t5 – p t0  + Q  p t1 – p t5 
If the energy change of the recirculated fluid is neglected, that is the Q  p t5 – p t0  terms are omitted, the
resulting expression for efficiency is
Q  p t5 – p t0 
 = ----------------------------------- . (A.26)
Q  p t1 – p t5 
For consistency with Equation (A.26), jet pump pressure ratio is defined as:
p t5 – p t0
N = ---------------------- , (A.27)
p t1 – p t5
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ESDU 93022
and so efficiency can be expressed as the product
 = MN . (A.28)
A.2.8 Pressure ratio
The pressure ratio, N , is defined by Equation (A.27). Substituting from Equations (A.22) and (A.23),
 RAME  2  2  1 – RAME   2
2R + CM 2  ------------------------  ---------------------------- –  1 + K s  – xR  1 + CM   1 + M   1 + K m + K d 
 1 – RA ME  A ME 
N = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . (A.29)
RAME
1 + K p – 2R – 2CM2 R  ------------------------  + xR2  1 + CM   1 + M   1 + K + K 
 1 – RAME m d
A.2.9 Primary nozzle exit area
From Equations (A.2) and (A.4),
p t1 – p t0 = p e – p e + ½U e2  1 + K p  – ½ U e2  1 + K s 

2
 RA ME 
= ½U e 2  1 + Kp  – CM 2  --------------------------  1 + K s  . (A.30)
 1 – RA ME
2
Substituting for Ue  and rearranging gives
2
½   RA ME   ½
A e  = Q ----------------------   1 + K p  – CM  --------------------------  1 + K s 
2 . (A.31)
p t1 – p t0   1 – RA ME 
A.2.10 Cavitation
Cavitation of the secondary flow occurs when the local static pressure is less than the vapour pressure of
the liquid, p vap . By Bernoulli's equation, cavitation will occur if
p te – ½U e2  p vap ,
p te – p vap
i.e. -----------------------------  1 . (A.32)
½U e 2
A factor of uncertainty,  , is introduced so that cavitation is assumed to be likely if
p te – p vap
-----------------------------   . (A.33)
½U e2

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ESDU 93022
Substituting from Equation (A.3), cavitation is anticipated if
p t0 – p vap
--------------------------   + K s
½U e2
p t0 – p vap
or U e  ---------------------------------- . (A.34)
½   + K s 
A.2.11 Upstream pumps
The program includes a facility, if required, to model a pump upstream of the ejector inlet. It is assumed
that the characteristic equation of a pump can be modelled as
h = Aq 2 + Bqn + Cn 2 , (A.35)
where
H Q N
h = -------  q = -------  n = ------- . (A.36)
HR QR NR
Pump head, H
Hq = 0
Increasing, N
Hq = 0.5 NR
HR
QR /2 QR Flow rate, Q
Sketch A.1 Schematic of pump characteristic equations

42
ESDU 93022
To calculate the pump characteristic coefficients, the program requires the following information which is
often supplied by the manufacturer.
Rated running speed, NR ,

rated flow rate, QR ,
rated head, HR ,
zero flow head, Hq = 0 ,
head at half rated flow condition, Hq = 0.5 .
Given this information, three equations similar to Equation (A.35) may be written down:
h q=0 = C ,
h q=1 = 1 = C + B + A
and h q=0.5 = C + ½B + ¼A . (A.37)
These three equations may be solved simultaneously. Note that in each of the three cases (zero flow, rated
and half rated), the pump running speed, N , is equal to N R , so n = 1 . Also, Qq = 0 = 0 by definition,
and q R = h R = 1 .
Knowing the pump rated speed, N R , rated volume flow rate, Q R , and rated head, H R , as well as the
coefficients of the characteristic equation, given the sump pressure, p 0 , and the pump running speed, N ,
and flow rate, m· or Q , the increase in head may calculated from Equation (A.35), and hence the fluid
pressure at the ejector inlet, p t1 or p t0 , may be derived. Alternatively, knowing the ejector inlet pressure,
Equation (A.35) may be solved as a quadratic to determine the pump running speed.
Note that if both primary and secondary sources are modelled as pumps, the running speed of one pump
may depend on the running speed of the other. In this case, care must be taken when entering the pump
speeds to ensure the correct pump speed is entered.
A.3 PROGRAM A9322 Design Procedure
The program ESDUpac A9322 is intended to perform design calculations for four possible user-defined
cases.
Case 1 Sufficient data are entered to define both volume flow ratio, M , and pressure ratio, N . That
is, two of the three volume flow rates ( Q , Q and Q + ) or mass flow rates ( m·  m·  and
m·  + m·  ) are entered, from which the third can be derived, and all three total pressures
( p t1 p t0 and p t5 ) are entered.
Case 2 Sufficient data are entered to define the volume flow ratio, M , alone. That is, two of the
three volume flow rates ( Q , Q and Q + ) or mass flow rates ( m·  m·  and m·  + m·  ) are
entered, from which the third can be derived, and one or two of the three of the total
pressures ( p t1 p t0 and p t5 ) are entered.
Case 3 Sufficient data are entered to define the pressure ratio, N , alone. That is, one or two of the
three volume flow rates ( Q , Q and Q + ) or mass flow rates ( m·  m·  and m·  + m·  ) are
entered but all three total pressures ( p t1 p t0 and p t5 ) are entered.

43
ESDU 93022
Case 4 Insufficient data are entered to define either volume flow ratio, M , or pressure ratio, N .
That is, only one of the three volume flow rates ( Q , Q and Q+ ) or mass flow rates
( m·  m·  and m·  + m·  ) is entered and one or two of the three total pressures ( p t1 p t0 and
p t5 ) are entered.
The program optimises the ejector design in terms of the area ratio R , returning values for M , N and R
in each case. If sufficient data are entered, values of the resulting pressures, mass flow rates and areas for
the ejector are returned. In cases where insufficient data are entered to calculate the values of these
parameters, the program simply returns the ratios of the variables. For instance, if none of the mass flow
rates is entered, the program optimises the ejector design in terms of M , N and R . It returns the volume
flow ratio, M , but no mass flow rates, as insufficient data are available for their calculation.
A.3.1 Case 1: Both M and N defined by user

In the case where both M and N are known, rearranging Equation (A.29) yields a quartic in R . Although
ESDU 85032 advocates the solution of this quartic as a means of arriving at a value for R , this is not the
approach used in ESDUpac A9322.
The scheme adopted by the program is as follows. Given a value of M , the characteristic curve of the
ejector can be plotted from Equation (A.29) as N - vs - R . The shape of this curve depends on the values
of A ME , x , and the four loss coefficients. From the definitions of R and A ME , R must take a value greater
than zero for the primary nozzle to have an area, and less than 1/A ME to avoid blocking the secondary
inlet. The section of the ejector characteristic for which 0  R  1/A ME is that of interest.
The characteristic will always pass through the origin; Equation (A.29) shows that when R = 0 N = 0 .
As R increases, the curve may exhibit one of two possible trends. First, it may tend to N = + , with no
minima or maxima. In this case, the physical parameters defined are infeasible, and the program will return
a warning to this effect. The second possible shape for the characteristic is to exhibit a positive maximum,
then tend to N = –  . In this second case, the physical parameters are feasible and the ejector will operate
under the conditions specified, provided the value of N required is less than the value of N at the maximum.
If a solution is feasible, there will be two equally valid area ratios, R , with which the ejector will operate
at the required volume flow ratio, M , and pressure ratio, N . Both these values, and the corresponding areas
are returned by the program.
A.3.2 Case 2: M alone defined by user
In the case where M is defined by the input data, but N is not, the approach taken by the program is similar
to that in Case 1. If it exists, the maximum in the N - vs - R curve is located. As this is the point where N
is optimised given M , the values of N and R at this point are returned.
A.3.3 Case 3: N alone defined by user
In the case where N is defined by the input data, but M is not, Equation (A.29) must be rearranged to make
M the subject. With N known, this equation is a quadratic in M with coefficients in terms of R , A ME ,
volume reduction factor, x , and loss factors K p K s K m and K d . There are two possible solutions to this
quadratic for every value of R . Both may be real, or both complex numbers. If both are complex, no solution
is obtained and a suitable warning message is generated within the program. If both roots of the quadratic
are real, each may be plotted against R as R varies from 0 to 1/A ME . One of the two roots will display
44
ESDU 93022
the following characteristic. Starting at –  , the root increases with R up to a positive maximum at a value
of R less than R = 1/AME . The root then falls to zero at R = 1/AME . The program locates the maximum
in this root and returns it as M along with the corresponding value of R .
A.3.4 Case 4: Neither M nor N defined by user
For a given value of R there exists a maximum value of ejector efficiency,  , the product of M and N . If
R is allowed to vary, at every point there is an associated  max . Plotting this value results in a curve of
 max poss against R , which exhibits a maximum at some value of R 0  R  1/AME . The program locates
this maximum, and returns the values of R , M and N at this point. The efficiency of the ejector is optimised.
A.3.5 Ejector areas and dimensions

The most important value returned by ESDUpac A9322 is, in all design cases, the area ratio R , the ratio
between mixing duct and nozzle exit areas. With this ratio determined, the program next calculates the
nozzle exit area, A e, from Equation (A.31), provided sufficient data were entered for the pressures and
volume flows in that equation to be calculated.
Once the value of A e is known, A 4 is determined from the definition of R , and A e from the definition of
A ME . The remaining areas and dimensions, the diffuser included angle,  d , and the mixing duct included
angle,  m , are all calculated using the recommendations of Section 5.5 of ESDU 85032. In particular, a
mixing duct length ratio,  S + L /d 4 , of 7 is assumed and a diffuser area ratio of 5.
A.4 PROGRAM A9322 Performance Prediction Procedure
For an ejector of given area ratios, R and 1/A ME , and inlet pressures, p t1 and p t0 , the Performance
Prediction Procedure calculates the ejector outlet pressure for a range of values of volume flow ratio, M ,
from Equation (A.29).
The scope of the Performance Prediction Procedure is summarised in Table 5.2. In essence, its function is
to calculate the exit flow conditions for an ejector defined by the user, given sufficient information about
the inlet conditions or to calculate the inlet conditions required for specified outlet conditions. However,
the number of combinations of independent variables is increased by the program's facility for modelling
upstream pumps. The calculated output variables may be pressures ( p t1 p t0 ), pump speeds ( N 1 N 0 ),
flow rates ( m·  and Q , m·  and Q ) or flow ratio ( M ), as well as ejector outlet conditions ( p t5 Q + ).

45
ESDU 93022
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ESDU 93022
Ejectors and jet pumps:
Computer program for design and performance for liquid flow
ESDU 93022 and associated computer software ESDUpac A9322
ISBN 978 0 85679 875 7, ISSN 0141-4011
Available as part of the ESDU Series on Fluid Mechanics. For information

on all ESDU validated engineering data please contact us using the
details on the preceding page.
ESDU 93022 introduces a FORTRAN program (ESDUpac A9322) for

ejectors in which the primary and secondary flows are of non-reacting
miscible liquids. Inlet conditions for both primary and secondary flows can
be either a constant pressure source or provided by a pump. In the latter
case, it is assumed that the head can be expressed as a quadratic in
pump speed and flow rate. Two procedures are provided: a Design
Procedure and a Performance Prediction Procedure. For Design, the
input is a selection of entry and exit pressures and flow rates, together
with estimates of loss coefficients in the primary and secondary inlets,
mixing duct and diffuser and fluid properties. The program optimises the
ejector, calculating the primary nozzle, secondary inlet and ejector exit
dimensions. For Performance, the ejector dimensions are input together
with the loss coefficients and fluid properties and a range of entry flow
conditions; the program calculates flow conditions throughout the ejector
and at exit. The equations on which the program is based are fully
specified, the input format required is set out in clear tables, and two
worked examples illustrate the use of the procedures.
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ESDU 93022: Ejectors and Jet Pumps: Computer Program For Design and Performance For Liquid Flow

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ESDU 93022: Ejectors and Jet Pumps: Computer Program For Design and Performance For Liquid Flow

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ESDU 93022

Issued December 1993

Ejectors and jet pumps:

performance for liquid flow

Associated software: ESDUpac A9322

THE PREPARATION OF THIS DATA ITEM

A significant revision of this Data Item was undertaken in 2008 by

Mr B.C. Freeman — Independent.

personal computer users. A compiled executable code is also provided.

1. NOTATION AND UNITS 1

3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF ESDUPAC A9322 4

4. RUNNING THE PROGRAM 5

5. DESCRIPTION OF INPUT DATA 5

1. NOTATION AND UNITS

C liquid density ratio,  0 / 1 – –

Km mixing duct loss coefficient – –

Kp primary nozzle loss coefficient – –

Ks secondary inlet loss coefficient – –

L length of parallel section of mixing duct m ft

M volume flow ratio, Q/Q – –

p vap vapour pressure kPa psi

Q volume flow rate m3/s ft3/s

S length of mixing duct entry m ft

Issued December 1993 – 49 pages

m mean mixing duct wall semi-included angle deg deg

e nozzle exit plane

 refers to primary stream

This page Amendment B

Secondary inlet Mixing duct Diffuser

(i) Convergent mixing duct. (ii) Parallel-sided mixing duct.

Sketch 1.1 Ejector configuration and typical cases

This page Amendment B

Fluid Mixing Duct Performance

Gas Gas Any   ESDUpac A9242 ESDUpac A9242

3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF ESDUPAC A9322

This Page Amendment B

4. RUNNING THE PROGRAM

A9322Vxx < IN9322

5. DESCRIPTION OF INPUT DATA

5.1 Data for Design Procedure

This Page Amendment B

Sketch 5.1 Schematic of pumps supply to ejectors inlets

This Page Amendment B

pt1 Ejector dimensions.

N1 N1 p t1 pt1 Ejector area ratios.

 N1  Q  N1  Q  p t1  Q  p t1  Q Ejector area ratios.

 N1  N1  p t1  p t1 Ejector area ratios.

 Q  Q  Q  Q Ejector area ratios.

The scope of the Performance Prediction Procedure is summarised in Table 5.2.

Either enter the ejector inlet total pressure  p t0 p t1  directly

TABLE 5.2 Summary of Performance Prediction Procedure

This Page Amendment B

 M Remaining flow rate(s)/ratio, Q , Q or M

Either primary pump running speed, N1 ,

Primary stream mass or volume flow rate, m·  or Q ,

Secondary stream mass or volume flow rate, m·  or Q ,

This Page Amendment B

5.3 Data Input Files

This Page Amendment B

TABLE 5.3a General Data for the Analysis

Entry SI British Variable

The data entry sequence continues as follows:

For Entry at (10) Go to Entry