END-OF-CHAPTER PROBLEMS

Check figures for odd-numbered problems in Appendix C. Name Date

5
drill problems (First of Three Sets)
Solve the unknown from the following equations:   LU 5-1(2)
5–1. X 2 20 5   210   5–2.  A 1 64 5  98 5–3.  Q 1 100 5   400
  5–4.  Q 2 60 5  850
1 20 1 20 2 64 2 64 2 100 2 100 1 60 1 60
                       
X 5 230 A 5  34 Q 5 300 Q 5 910
5–5. 5Y 5 75   5–6.   P 5–7.  8Y 5 96 5–8.   N
5 92 55
6 16
5Y 75            P          8Y 96     
     N
5 6 a b 5 92162 5 16a b 5 51162
5 5 6 8 8 16
Y 5 15 P 5 552 Y 5 12 N 5 80  
5–9. 41P 2 92 5 64 5–10.  31P 2 32 5 27
4P 2 36 5   64        3P 2 9 5 27
  1 36    136 1 9    1 9
    

4P 100 3P 36
    5     5
4 4 3 3
P 5 25  P 5 12

word problems (First of Three Sets)

5–11. Lee and Fred are elementary school teachers. Fred works for a charter school in Pacific Palisades, California, where class
size reduction is a goal for 2013. Lee works for a noncharter school where funds do not allow for class size reduction poli-
cies. Lee’s fifth-grade class has 1.4 times as many students as Fred’s. If there are a total of 60 students, how many students
does Fred’s class have? How many students does Lee’s class have?   LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship
   X 1 1.4X 5 60
       2.4X 5 60
Lee 1.4X 1.4X
          X 5 25 (Fred)
Fred       X 1 X
1.4X 5 35 (Lee)
   60 total students

5–12. A car that originally cost $3,668 in 1955 is valued today at $62,125 if in excellent condition, which is 134 times as much as
a car in very nice condition—if you can find an owner willing to part with one for any price. What would be the value of
the car in very nice condition?   LU 5-2(2)
3
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship     1 * V 5 $62,125

V 3
4
Very nice 3
1 V 5 $62,125
condition 4 1 V
4 $62,125
   5
3 3
1 1
4 4
  V 5 $35,500 very nice condition
3
*The 1 can be converted to 1.75.

4
5–13. Jessica and Josh are selling Entertainment Books to raise money for the art room at their school. One book sells for $15.
Jessica received the prize for selling the most books in the school. Jessica sold 15 times more books than Josh. Together
they sold 256 books. How many did each one of them sell?  LU 5-2(1)
Copyright © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.

Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship    15X 1 X 5 256

    16X 5 256
Jessica 15X 15X
       X 5 16 (Josh)
Josh   X 1X
  16 3 15 5 240 (Jessica)
256 books

5–14. Nanda Yueh and Lane Zuriff sell homes for ERA Realty. Over the past 6 months they sold 120 homes. Nanda sold 3 times
as many homes as Lane. How many homes did each sell?  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship     3H 1 H 5 120        

4H 120
Nanda 3H 3H 5     
4 4
 

Lane   H 1H
H 5 30 1Lane2    

120 homes
3H 5 90 1Nanda2
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 5–15. Dots sells T-shirts ($2) and shorts ($4). In April, total sales were $600. People bought 4 times as many T-shirts as shorts.
How many T-shirts and shorts did Dots sell? Check your answer.  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship 8S 1 4S 5 600 Check
  
12S 600 50($4) 1 200($2) 5 $600
T-shirts 4S $2   8S 5
12 12 $200 1 $400 5 $600
Shorts   S  4 1 4S
$600 5 $600
$600 total sales S 5 50 shorts
4S 5 200 T-shirts

5–16. Dots sells a total of 250 T-shirts ($2) and shorts ($4). In April, total sales were $600. How many T-shirts and shorts did
Dots sell? Check your answer. Hint: Let S 5 Shorts.  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship    21250 2 S2 1 4S 5  600      Check
500 2 2S 1 4S 5  600    200($2) 1 50($4) 5 $600
T-shirts 250 2 S $2     2(250 2 S)
2 500        2 500    $400 1 $200 5 $600
Shorts         S  4 1 4S
2S 100 $600 5 $600
$600 total sales 5      
2 2
S 5 50 shorts 
250 2 S 5 200 T-shirts

drill problems (Second of Three Sets)

Solve the unknown from the following equations:   LU 5-1(2)
N
5–17. 7B 5 490 5–18.  71A 2 52 5 63
57 5–19.  
9
7B 490              7A 2 35 5  63             
   N
5 9a b 5 7192
7 7   1 35    135 9
B 5 70 7A 98 N 5 63  
    5 
7 7
A 5  14
5–20. 181C 2 32 5 162 5–21.  9Y 2 10 5 53 5–22.  7B 1 5 5 26
18C 2 54 5   162               1 10    110                    2 5    2 5
  1 54   1 54 9Y 63 7B 21
    5     
5
18C 216 9 9 7 7
     5  
18 18 Y 5 7  B53
C 5 12  

word problems (Second of Three Sets)

5–23. On a flight from Boston to San Diego, American reduced its Internet price by $190.00. The new sale price was $420.99.
What was the original price?   LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship     P 2 $190 5  $420.99
Original price P P 2 $190.00 5 Sale price
   1 190  1 190.00
Sale price 5 $420.99 P     5  $610.99
1
5–24. Jill, an employee at Old Navy, budgets 5 of her yearly salary for clothing. Jill’s total clothing bill for the year is $8,000.
What is her yearly salary?   LU 5-2(2)
1
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship     5S 5 $8,000 
Yearly salary S 1 S
5S 5a b 5 $8,000152
Clothing 5 $8,000 5
S 5 $40,000 

5–25. Bill’s Roast Beef sells 5 times as many sandwiches as Pete’s Deli. The difference between their sales is 360 sandwiches.
How many sandwiches did each sell?   LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship    5S 2 S 5 360    
Bill’s 5S  5S
4S 360
5    
Pete’s   S 2S 4 4
360 sandwiches S 5 90 1Pete’s2
5S 5 450 1Bill’s2

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 5–26. The count of discouraged unemployed workers rose to 503,000, 212 times as many as in the previous year. How many dis-
couraged unemployed workers were there in the previous year?   LU 5-2(2)
1*
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship    22 D 5 503,000
212D 503,000
Discouraged unemployed D 221 D 5 503,000 5
1
workers in previous year 22 212
D 5 201,200
*The 212 can be converted to 2.5.
5–27. A local Computer City sells batteries ($3) and small boxes of pens ($5). In August, total sales were $960. Customers
bought 5 times as many batteries as boxes of pens. How many of each did Computer City sell? Check your
­answer.   LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship
5P 1 15P 5 960 Check
    
20P 960 48($5) 1 240($3) 5 $960
Batteries 5P $3   15P 5
20 20 $240 1 $720 5 $960
Pens  P  5 1 5P
P 5 48 boxes of pens $960 5 $960
$960 total sales
5P 5240 batteries

5–28. Staples sells boxes of pens ($10) and rubber bands ($4). Leona ordered a total of 24 cartons for $210. How many boxes of
each did Leona order? Check your answer. Hint: Let P 5 Pens.   LU 5-2(2)
  
10P 1 4124 2 P2 5 210   Check
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship
10P 1 96 2 4P 5 210 19($10) 1 5($4) 5 $210
Pens P $10    10P $190 1 $20 5 $210
6P 1 96 5 210
Rubber bands 24 2 P   4 1 4(24 2 P) $210 5 $210
Total 5 $210
2 96 2 96    

6P 114
5
6 6
P 5 19 boxes of pens
24 2 P 5 5 boxes of rubber bands

drill problems (Third of Three Sets)

Solve the unknown from the following equations:   LU 5-1(2)
5 – 29. A 1 90 2 15 5 210 5 – 30.  5Y 1 151Y 1 12 5 35
   A 1 75 5 210                 5Y 1 15Y 1 15 5 35
2 75 2 75 20Y 1 15 5 35
A 5 135 2 15 215
20Y 20
5
20 20
Y51
5 – 31. 3M 1 20 5 2M 1 80 5 – 32.  201C 2 502 5 19,000
2 2M 5 22M 20C 2 1,000 5 19,000
M 1 20 5 1 80 1 1,000 1 1,000
                
2 20 2 20 20C 20,000
5
M 5 60 20 20
C 5 1,000

word problems (Third of Three Sets)

Copyright © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.

5–33. If Colorado Springs, Colorado, has 1.2 times as many days of sunshine as Boston, Massachusetts, how many days of sun-
shine does each city have if there are a total of 464 days of sunshine between the two in a year? (Round to the ­nearest
day.)  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship X 5 Boston days of sunshine
1.2X 5 Colorado Springs days of sunshine
Boston    X      X
sunshine days X 1 1.2X 5 464
Colorado Springs 1.2X
    2.2X 1 1.2X 5 464
sunshine days 464
       X 5 464y2.2
  X 5 211 days of sunshine for Boston
1.2(211) 5 253 days of sunshine for Colorado Springs

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 5–34. Ben and Jerry’s sells 4 times more ice cream cones ($3) than shakes ($8). If last month’s sales totaled $4,800, how many
of each were sold? Check your answer.  LU 5-2(1)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship 314X2 1 8X 5 $4,800   Check
12X 1 8X 5 $4,800 240($8) 1 960($3) 5 $4,800
Cones 4X $3   3(4X)
20X $4,800 $1,920 1 $2,880 5 $4,800
Shakes   X  8 1 8X 5
20 20
$4,800
X 5 240 
4X 5 960 
5–35. Ivy Corporation gave 84 people a bonus. If Ivy had given 2 more people bonuses, Ivy would have rewarded 23 of the work-
force. How large is Ivy’s workforce?  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship    2 W 2 2 5
84
3
Total workers W     23W
12 12
2 2 workers
2
   84 W 5 86
3
2
3 a Wb 5 86132
3
2W 258
5
2 2
W 5 129
5–36. Jim Murray and Phyllis Lowe received a total of $50,000 from a deceased relative’s estate. They decided to put $10,000 in
a trust for their nephew and divide the remainder. Phyllis received 34 of the remainder; Jim received 14 . How much did Jim
and Phyllis receive?  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship
   T 1 3T 5 $40,000
4T $40,000
Jim   T T 5
4 4
Phyllis 3T 1 3T
$40,000
T 5 $10,000 1Jim2
3T 5 $30,000 1Phyllis2
5–37. The first shift of GME Corporation produced 112 times as many lanterns as the second shift. GME produced 5,600 lanterns
in November. How many lanterns did GME produce on each shift?  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship
   1.5L 1 L 5 5,600   
2.5L 5,600
Shift 1 1.5L 1.5L 5
2.5 2.5
Shift 2     L 1L
L 5 2,240 shift 2
5,600
1.5L 5 3,360 shift 1
5–38. Levi Jeans Company at the Silverthorne, Colorado, outlet store sells bootcut jeans for $40 and straight leg jeans for $60. If
customers bought 5 times more bootcut than straight leg jeans and last month’s sales totaled $6,500, how many of each
type of jeans were sold? Check your answer.   LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship 5J1$402 1 $60J 5 $6,500 Check
    
$200J 1 $60J 5 $6,500 25($60) 1 125($40) 5 $6,500
Bootcut 5J $40   5J($40)
$260J $6,500 $1,500 1 $5,000 5 $6,500
Straight leg   J  60 1 $60J 5 5 25
$ 6,500 total sales
$260 $260
  J 5 25 straight leg
5J 5 51252 5 125 bootcut
 

5–39. Ace Hardware sells boxes of wrenches ($100) and hammers ($300). Howard ordered 40 boxes of wrenches and hammers
for $8,400. How many boxes of each are in the order? Check your answer.  LU 5-2(2)
   300H 1 100140 2 H2 5 8,400
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship
300H 1 4,000 2 100H 5 8,400
Wrenches 40 2 H $1  0 0     100(40 2 H)
200H 1 4,000 5 8,400
Hammers H  300 1 300H
2 4,000 2 4,000
Total 5 $8,400
200H 4,400
5
200 200
H 5 22 boxes of hammers
Check 40 2 H 5 18 boxes of wrenches
221$3002 1 181$1002 5 $8,400
$6,600 1 $1,800 5 $8,400
$8,400 5 $8,400

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 5–40. The Susan Hansen Group in St. George, Utah, sells $16,000,000 of single-family homes and townhomes a year. If single-
family homes, with an average selling price of $250,000, sell 3.5 times more often than townhomes, with an average selling
price of $190,000, how many of each are sold? (Round to nearest whole.)   LU 5-2(2)
X 5 townhomes
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship
3.5X 5 single-family homes
Single-family 3.5X $250,000   $250,000(3.5X)

homes 190,000X 1 3.5X(250,000) 5 $16,000,000

Townhomes   X $190,000
1 $190,000X 190,000X 1 875,000X 5 $16,000,000

  $16,000,000 1,065,000X 5 $16,000,000
X 5 $16,000,000/1,065,000
X 5 15 townhomes
3.5(15) 5 52.5 5 53 single-family homes
5–41. Want to donate to a better cause? Consider micro-lending. Micro-lending is a process where you lend directly to entrepreneurs
in developing countries. You can lend starting at $25. Kiva.org boasts a 99% repayment rate. The average loan to an entrepre-
neur is $388.44 and the average loan amount is $261.14. With a total amount loaned of $283,697,150, how many people are
lending money if the average number of loans per lender is 8? (Round final answer to nearest whole lender.)   LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship 8X($261.14) 5 $283,697,150
$2,089.12X 5 $283,697,150
Number of X $261.14 8X($261.14) 5
people $283,697,150
X 5 $283,697,150/$2,089.12
lending money X 5 135,797.441 5 135,797 lenders

challenge problems
5–42. Myron Corporation is sponsoring a walking race at its company outing. Leona Jackson and Sam Peterson love to
walk. Leona walks at the rate of 5 miles per hour. Sam walks at the rate of 6 miles per hour. Assume they start walking
from the same place and walk in a straight line. Sam starts 12 hour after Leona. Answer the questions that follow.
Hint: Distance 5 Rate 3 Time.   LU 5-2(2)
a. How long will it take Sam to meet Leona?
3 2 .5 5 2.5 hours    Sam starts 12 hour after Leona. (5X 2 6(X 2 5) 5 0 where X is the total time that Leona walked)
b. How many miles would each have walked?
15 miles.
c. Assume Leona and Sam meet in Lonetown Station where two buses leave along parallel routes in opposite directions.
The bus traveling east has a 60 mph speed. The bus traveling west has a 40 mph speed. In how many hours will the
buses be 600 miles apart?
6 hours.
Distance 5 Rate 3 Time
 5T 5 6(T 2 .5)
 5T 5 6T 2 3
Leona Same 5 T
 35T
Sam Same 6 T 2 .5
5 3 3 5 15 miles
6 3 2.5 5 15 miles
Rate
3 Time 5 Distance 60T 1 40T 5 600

 100T 5 600
East bus 60 T 60T
 T 5 6 hours
Copyright © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.

West bus 40 T 40T

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 5–43. Bessy has 6 times as much money as Bob, but when each earns $6, Bessy will have 3 times as much money as Bob. How
much does each have before and after earning the $6?  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship
    6B 1 6 5 31B 1 62    Before: B 5 4 After: B 5 10
Bessy 6B 6B 1 6 6B 1 6 5 3B 1 18 6B 5 24 6B 5 30
Bob   B    B 1 6 2 3B 23B
3B 1 6 5 18
26 26
3B 12
5
3 3
B 5 4

summary practice test 

Do you need help? The videos in Connect have step-by-step worked-out solutions. These videos are also available on YouTube!
1. Delta reduced its round-trip ticket price from Portland to Boston by $140. The sale price was $401.90. What was the original
price?  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship P 2 $140 5 $401.90
Original price P P 2 $140 5 Sale price 1 140 1 140.00
Sale price 5 $401.90 P 5 $541.90

2. David Role is an employee of Google. He budgets 17 of his salary for clothing. If David’s total clothing for the year is $12,000,
what is his yearly salary?   LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship 1
S 5 $12,000
7
1
Yearly salary S 7
S S
7 a b 5 $12,000172
Clothing 5 $12,000 7
S 5 $84,000

3. A local Best Buy sells 8 times as many iPods as Sears. The difference between their sales is 490 iPods. How many iPods did
each sell?  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship 8I 2 I 5 490
Best Buy 8I       8I 7I 490
5
Sears   I 2I 7 7
490 I 5 70 (Sears)
 8I 5 560 (Best Buy)
4. Working at Staples, Jill Reese and Abby Lee sold a total of 1,200 calculators. Jill sold 5 times as many calculators as Abby.
How many did each sell?  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Relationship 5C 1 C 5 1,200
Jill 5C   5C 6C 1,200
5
Abby  C    
1C 6 6

  1,200 C5 200 (Abby)
5C 5 1,000 (Jill)

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 5. Target sells sets of pots ($30) and dishes ($20) at the local store. On the July 4 weekend, Target’s total sales were $2,600. People
bought 6 times as many pots as dishes. How many of each did Target sell? Check your answer.  LU 5-2(2)
Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship 180D 1 20D 5 2,600       Check
200D 2,600 78($30) 1 13($20) 5 $2,600
Pots 6D $30 180D
5        $2,340 1 $260 5 $2,600
Dishes  
D  20       20D 200 200
$2,600 5 $2,600
Total 5 $2,600 D 5 13 sets of dishes
6D 5 78 sets of pots  
6. A local Dominos sold a total of 1,600 small pizzas ($9) and pasta dinners ($13) during the Super Bowl. How many of each did
Dominos sell if total sales were $15,600? Check your answer.   LU 5-2(2)

Unknown(s) Variable(s) Price Relationship 13P 1 911,600 2 P2 5 15,600

Pasta P $13 13 P
13P 1 14,400 2 9P 5 15,600
Pizza 1,600 2 P         9 9(1,600 2 P) 4P 1 14,400 5 15,600
Total 5 $15,600 2 14,400 2 14,400

4P 1,200
5
4 4
Check P 5 300
3001$132 1 1,3001$92 5 $15,600 P 5 300 pasta dinners
   $3,900 1 $11,700 5 $15,600 1,600 2 P 5 1,300 small pizzas
      $15,600 5 $15,600
Copyright © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.

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