fa og 0, Preis as cae ss | rma: rable = sched inside ndpoe outs ‘aoe ») Zonal ed init 5 PHRASAL VERES: back/ out Read about two fiends who Wied to gets parttime ob na shop. Then match the phrasal verbs in Cour to thei defintions a hic Jack and which Harry? Who will get the job? JACK: My find Hay and | ae ken many ways, but we cess ‘ferent, We want (0 Se ths Tac mattered, and here whet happened when we wet to ferent shops asking foros. went into the fet shop by rmsel The woman looked ate and sil pelt “Sony” he sa. “No sacancest” But knew she was (holding something back. "We've had 1) cutback on stl," she added, flowed by anotne pole, cy sie Cleat, we could (3) rule out tat parc shop, Wel, nt one to ge Up just (@ blocked cut her atte snd we walked onto the next sho. remind (someone) of 5 € stop taking pat 1d. not ll the whale truth HARRY, At this pot, |thouoht lack woul (5) opt ut of ‘our experiment, but he (6) bounced back pretty uc. We entered the nest shop together andthe manacer singled ‘me out straight aay and inited me for an interiw! Jack wes not im/ted. So what (8) came out of our experiment? No matter how inaccurate, peopel judge youby fst lmpresions! How uncool is tha i) takes me back to when I wes 10 and very short. Kids assumed they could push ‘me around, but 000 showed them they were wrong! “AL force yourself not to think about 2.4. nolonger consider suitable S.. 9, become cheerful / confident again 1. hslet [ALA be leary shown eight he net wh women (2) ons ey warped by fosings to 2) of make esearch sgzesting atl of women onster themshes teat Te i hows a op of ray Worn ng rw Deadly on Yel stn The it ses) oe wore, who site behind ean) fm paling seach women Sse Te women tendo desc oks ma 3) ing words ioe or on ove The rs en nas asec seth of exch won is ie bed on desergos een by complete sang “heres were wih (of spe ye women Each pa of sets is Copa sn te se bad ce agers Sexson x fata afte tno, One woman) ered in Sabet she eles mach Ter elininge so ae te. 0 hy do women aa vn comes mating ti Eo8 Pot? On econ may be ie “Topsy igh cats fen ponent mead ein. L@sndesinae B unienctioe Cundepo ——_D andertae ZXvoua Bet Caned Ome 4A iosficaty @intemly _C unfoeseen-D undeichly GAcods Baits Coiteseps enn YS A catined —B incre — ©infaourableD nndete 6 @etctamations B exaggerations C tansformations D_undersatements Teves Bows hal Dives $ Arkon @nidbwk Chocken —_D cathck ich draving do you think is TURN based on the woman's desiption “and which on the strangers? ‘Soe Teachers Guide for possi neve:READING ‘You are going to read an article about advertising to teenagers. For questions 1-10, choose from the sections (A-8). The sections may be chosen more ‘han once, MULTIPLE MATCHING 3p * Underline the key words in each Guestion. Read Section A to answer as ‘many questions as you can, +o the same for the other sections. ‘+ You may find an answer to part of the WY tt2y, wear surounded by ap, estonia more than one section. The on TY, on bila, at sprig answer you choose must answer the on soil medi. And alton a whole question Yor many year ia one form or ane have seen a wonyjing tend in te Which section | younger conser, wh teal In fat, adverse pend mee tan questions the tis of those whoa.) jos to reach the youth mate des companies? ‘are incredibly sophisticated. Cleer ines speci at test sig gt par ad oa Now sel oe paeraseae 4|" soe catty opew mens Const epee th et calsor rate mecia avarenss among EE) teens are drawn to thx spc ‘young consumers sports shoe. According to Peer apn explains the reason behind a typical Ge) 15 watchdog agency commited to pete eoccistint ven? “Thee 2 vile bey of a mmentons the increase in ads rected at ompaniss og adolescents pie 42 certain sector of the population? ‘ives examples of hidden advertsing?” BE] Eh vous advertising i med at crt ashy cece vere for te ick yg] —_ fen chin nw be oad ot of conscience? ge © may not even realize why they think rao Hk avian acces ye descbes ow aires ain an s Ds, clan undestanding of he acsiecertningy ELE] oe secu fa a seca ppanswhy some conmonfeauwect fa] Weg Yon me Ur advertisements are so effective? 25 way towards conetng he pein ‘canta brag of esas 8 ‘mentions how young people assist oo will enhance their appearance and advertisers without realizing it? confident trey gure endorsement of some of these P coe 20 teen icons or socal ines you become the person you | ee eas eh [35 $9 billion a year on - erode io ‘ rican HNN” a aoe ow might eases as jou relate 10.3657 ally way you ate NeLISTENING TA TRENDSPOTTERS Do you know what a trendspotter does? Read the explanation and match the words in colour (1-6), {0 their meanings (+, aay ‘Ina fashion show, you see medels naling 2. a man puble sopping ara denn he (ray wearing 1 bong stage na aston hey Crees ltn anon ypsesinir ies gpsn | 4. rasan a eten ()ihe high sre. jobasa(3) nnd) scontgessnbich| “ES are sel-employed {hin i be pred notean ha emepo magia “a. 9 eer (sdferecasng agen bts ef myitends (6k ee at expert who predicts future tastes, 8 © Now listen to an interview In which two trendspotters talk about their work. For questions 1. ‘the answer (A, 8, Cor D) which fits best according to what you hear, 1. What does Liz say about her career change? choose 4. When asked about hs work, Joan reves that AS She ha vas been fascinated by youth vend A he refers bein freelance to agency wate She moved 35 a resut af something she hed read. is image on socal media is one of his top ports she wanted to improve her rowedoe of Sesion T only a small part of his day involves looking fries D he had no idea it was so comple a field D trendspoting online requires diferent sil 2 What contrasts highlighted between macro and rico trends? 5. Le and Josh agree a qualification in marketing ‘A Micro trends are influences by current issues. unnecessary to succeed asa trendepotter & Mao vends are of gest ineest thigh sveetetaes. “S valnble aso foondeton le roe Micro trends can occasionally outlast macro tends, Maco trends ar harder to identify helpful onl iit covers consumer psychology. 3. When Lizintally started wendspotting, she achsable a cents prefer qualified forecasters 6: lz and Josh both sy that thee work ‘wasted too much time browsing the Internet. @sinsincive by naure 2 photographed anything tht triggered an idea, reauires knowledge ofa speci subject. S found stret fashion less creative than today. reac tobe constantly updated made errs about what o photograph D demands a good sense of timing, "ove his work 1] © uizen to the expressions from the recording (1-5) and lt so at the S| mateh them tothe meanings (ne) ZI] 1. havea good eye for 8. a. outrageous or cary SE] 2 setanandieon 4. b. conferan advantage SY] 3 off the wall 5. c. @ss00nas possible By] 4 ave lone) anedge 1. 4. have an abity to recognize something 3H) 5. asap 2... understand and deal with 2 avestions ano answer: S_You will hear a question. From the three answer choices given, ses the question. choose the one which bast an 1. Yes, ison my todo ist. 5@ es, spoke with my manager eae, es but he wae too impressed B. es believe not o bested. Yes, thats what he thought, to. «. Yes, theyre remaining inte bulig, 2@tmatforit 6. tm afraid thats out of the queston tink shes been great ely, ke a place of my own € she seems tobe eojng is far, be moving out fay soon, Be | don't feel | really need it 7. a. Yes, 1d say thats the quickest route. Bo, isa question of money, actualy 1 No, | think tin room 805, No, ibe here for the whole semester ery Ym nota stent here 2. No, thas been scheduled yet. 8. Iwas’ sure there'd be enough tine No, but eal interesting, ab to drop my sister off at sehoo Ye, i's andar proccein this company. | used that shrtut told you aboutREADING You are going to read a magazine article about a reality show. Choose from the paragraphs A'G the one which fits each {gap (1-6). There is one paragraph which you do not need to use, a am a GAPPED TEXT ‘Read the text once, ignoring the gaps + Read the options (A-G) for the general idea of each one, | . If you can fill any of the gaps, do so. + Go through the text, reading carefully before and after ‘each gap in order to choose the option that fits best. + Read the whole text once again to see that it makes sense, THE SECRET MILLIONAIRE Originating in the UK, The Secret Millionaire is deemed to be an extremely successful reality show. Each episode features a different millionaire who goes into a community under an assumed name. There he or she meets charity workers and the people they belp. ‘The whole episode is filmed, and ultimately, the secret millionaire reveals his or her true identity and makes a ‘donation to the charity oftheir choice Ws Popular it may be, but The Secret Millionaire has sparked much controversy. As the millionaires gain ‘valuable publicity for their companies, they are presented fs humanitarians who generously donate to the poo and disadvantaged. But afterwards they retura to their privileged existence, (On the other hand, charities receive thousands of pounds from their donations and the plight ofthe people they ‘support gets extensive media coverage, hopefully leading ‘to more donations from the broader public. Leaving his home in Dublin, he takes a train to Cork, an 20 industrial city in southern Ireland, where he will stay in a small, sparsely furnished rented room in one of Cork’s ‘most impoverished communities For one week, Warren will ive like his neighbours on a minimum wage and witness first-hand the hardships of life 2 in poverty-stricken areas, where the temptations of crime ‘are everywhere. His experiences are documented by a film crew — ostensibly making @ documentary on youth issues ~ ‘but actualy recording another episode of the show. Bc Finally, be attends a support group called You Are 30 Not Alone, run by a couple whose daughter commited suicide after continually being bullied at school. He is then faced witha decision: How much money do I give each charity? Another episode features Sean Gallagher, a businessman 5 with ll the trappings of success: a huge penthouse, the latest TV and a sports ea. He is dispatched to Middlesbrough, a town with high unemployment, where he arrives atthe offices of Fairbridge, an organization helping young offenders unemployed youth and the omeless,‘Sean displays real empathy forthe youngsters — not patronizing them, ba rather acknowledging thir intelligence. The human angle has viewers hooked. His second charitable encounter involves the heartbreaking 5 sory of Abbie Clarke, who died ofan epileptic seizure While er fater mistakenly tought she was sleeping, He subsequently founded the chatty Abbie's Love o raise ‘money for bedside alarms that prevent sch ragodies, ‘Sean hmset had lost a sister to epilepsy, 30 this episode » provesall the more moving for participants and viewers alike @. (Oters have also questioned whether the program's producers are exploiting the poor forthe sake of ratings. | They claim these milinsires care more about publicity LB) However, whit al hie admirable, itis claim ‘he show fails to adequately eeognie the sora workers who are unsung erces runing the chanics and who remain once the crew stops fling Instead, te focus is on the millionaire rewarding charities with donations This begs the question: Whats more ‘valuable ~ writing a cheque or volunteering Your time to help others? Aer ll these depressed areas wil remain so, ong alr the millions has let. [Bl on the other hand, the millionaires gain personal insight int scity’s most pressing problems. As Warren sye:"Tve ben tached areal by some ofthe stores. 8 one ofthe mos rewarding experience [have ever hod" Personal benefits aside, ‘hese milionaies do positively impact on people's lives; and clearly, o increase ratings, a show must provide human rams that resonates with audiences, {Bi the wealthy businessman meets teenagers who have found an outlet for tse frustrations i rap music st commanty centre stapped for cash. When invited to spar with a youngster ata boxing clo, the blows ‘evoke biter cildioed memories of domestic violence, leaving hm visibly shaken. This lub, where mixtre ‘of sit discipline and love helps troubled teenagers Tear life sil and find thelr way, belongs co a cat called Bad Boys Turned Good. Some viewers agus this isa theatiealatempe to | than te people they are helping. Social workers pint out thatthe underlying theme ofthe programme ~ "rich helps oor” is no substitute for a sustainable goverment pen ighlight the dferences baween a persons ciins and ‘what they can achieve, The messge is crystal lear ve work hard and persevere, thee is mo reason why - tofigtt poverty civ. Furthermore, the show's unique concep, cially during tubulent economic times, mires the ies We all share about our financial future. But aps more imporan, it reflects the fact ha ihre sl genuinely kind people inthe world who are ling to lend a hand 10 those in need, \L THINKING SKILLS ail presents arguments for and against the show, iF Fo) or A agar foreach agent. Then find argument ines 5258) and wit For. Wich fguiretis the most persuasive your opinion? Wy? "+ Soca problems gt mesa coverage. [F] | Thereal heres go urecoonizes. (al) ries rece donations. a te exo ot. 1 ia Teco Guld for posse eves ‘we cannot all become millionaires, regardless of our social background and education, or lack thereof (iinone episode, we meet Warren Logan, owner of muhimillion-earo chan of retail shops selling beary products. Inthe comfort of his luxury home, wth its Alesignerfurciture and aeigeraor Fl of champagne, he is packing an overnight bag. He i about to embark ‘on jourey tat will havea profound effect on him, [Wien the film crew aves dilemme arses Many ofthese young people maybe involved in ime and are tenifed of beng filmed for fear f being identified and arrested. As for the staff, they have ameral responsibilty to protect the welfare ofthese tens, bot desperately need the publicity to highlight their aus. The fact thatthe series was on the ai for six years {stestimony tots wide appeal. The secret is inthe ‘rama ~ millionaire heres in seach ofa cause and their own percoal quest for meaning. Then, theres the intrigue ofa de white lis tod to unsuspecting ‘members of the community s that they will open up shout thei problems and aspirations Finally, thee isthe grand reveal when the milionsite comes clean and hands over generous pis of money tothe amazed How effective is tetevison ia peneal ‘dealing wth social problems? ‘Se Techors Gul or poesia anewer.LISTENING Jing about his experience differences between ture in each par. 1g man called Kyle tak jow. They show some {you think reflects Chinese cl 1A BRIDGING CULTURE GAPS You are going to hear 9 100% ering in China Before you listen lk atthe phrases be ‘the phrase the Western and Chinese cultures. Cicle polite conversation at meals © being vegetarian or vegan [ (eating birds, © an assumption you speak the lanawage ‘you are seen as an individual 9 (respect the elderly J admire youth 1B @ Now lsten to Kyle. For questions 1-8, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. 1. le vised afer other counties before China, incucing SEEN = here he performed music Kyle ao writes blog where Ne aoe 0 SER ASF nan. Jaces he couldn't oat 2, nadition to teaching Engish, 5 re deseibes his efforts to educate people aout other cuties 3 vey = 2 le sop that wih the exception of sme, tee were many first wthout an interpreter. gle was surprised that when ding oun Cine, mo m brought at the end of the meal Ipurough curious abou Cines food, Kyle was rectant 0 ase He == {fash .-of a chicken, Living in Being has taught Kyle to appreciate the titi of Chinese dishes. je’ students ae very interested in is earalan®—of Cin. © tisten and complete the expressions. Use the words below. BUG then matcn ‘the expressions to their meanings (2) SH] choice word re hand scratch 5 te mma pe tcin st nt BEL servos 1 tellots of people es hardin aa BD be spoilt for nelst—an stat at the beginning 5. draw the “ase. be unable to decide 2 @arrusa vou wither ashrsegment tom ne mT from the Exper Qasr You ei en chat opon tare ansas He GUSIN "3. What did the second expen ant show? PREDICTING THE TOPIC second expatimes Before you listen, read the questions and underline key a. Chimps could tell when an object had been 1) ese Question 1 as been done for you alt = delverately dropped. b. chimes were a ey as chdren the BY words: Quen fro peana sa) Ti ge YOU helping sare topic and what ste F% | eng ant oc sree leshebtl than chien DEC +1, What do the speakers say. ‘about altruism in human and ‘they are less intelligent. ‘non-human primates? ‘4 What s the nature of altruism in young chlo? amontso. ts anes coinly isin ae 2 iis presentin infants and chimps under 1 itis motivated by 2 reward system. cperton cores natural in both specs. D eertite of oth are dependent on tor sual 2 ttvties according to ther suroundin- 2, Howe dd the researches produce an aust respons in 5, according to the repor, what happens 25 the todas? qetoider? rey appeared to make cumsy metakes whle Se ey earn to oer help only where iis mes performing simple tasks. needed. bre stats within a group becomes more by, They asked for help in performing simple tasks. pay treo down objets while performing Spl aks important than cooperation. ‘They no longer offer help in equal ™ ‘to whoever needs it easule"MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS ‘+ huitpl- choice questions can be wh- questions +i | orcan take the form of incomplete sentences. + When choosing the option that completes the stom gen, check thatthe whole sentence together matches what is writen in the text 1 what do we em bout elves Shoe ites pragoph? 1 ens th hes aig for a geese ses The poems comple than nh ga res ©hsktaaciteen corto tothat ofthe orga stones ‘the poops ate se of te oe 2. How des th Amen TV sss fer om th cnt Shute Hane ts? fas ot been ascot uence. ander of ones estar hasten changed Bevin spon cl cbs Ihe stra sting has been mantaed bom aching dangerous comin ba amc iter D The acon senes cna cortemparey leet. Jans mon obigaion 3. the thie paragraph, the writer suggests that Doyle \ic nt forese the full cent of Holmes’ popularity. Holmes is pontayed as a man whose remarkable powers of observation cannot be switched on and B preterred to recreate the main character. ff Consequently, he is depressed ane bored whe] C considered giving up writing fiction, Boccia rs cures kr thes we bo case wee tad D was indifferent 0 the opiions of hs reading public ‘mantcally efficient and almost elated when there i ‘4. What does the phrase “such an insightful deduction Perhaps tis stems fom his pleasure in the chase, Just. Ing ines 501 eer to? asa reader eagerly anticipates a new mystery nove, Holmes accurate cbservation about Watson’ Ife Holes, when informed ofa murder, fels that special ' Holmes soca, political and geographical knowledge, tingle of excitement and eres: "Come, Watson, come! {C Thespeed with which Holmes regeter is surroundings The game is afoot” 1 The deta of Watsons appearance. cnet 5. The bo amp rfring to Homesn lines 78.76 CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS | ‘Nex why Holmes has yl ed in Br Watson, ha Hoes ial ana of hs onn weoknas Why do you thnk sherlock Holmes is sill. | Cerrina ate. ; Broan, oe Oversee | compar the posal of les on TV andi fina pret s aea sates oxent to which Holness porvayes a2 S00 eachrs Gude fr ntiso nn! 6 According tthe writer, when there ia cme tobe Sebed Holmes ‘A mmedately activates his powers of observation 8 tends to experience negative emotions )andergoes dramatic change in mood ' goes in search of Watson to canst wth him. sDjdetecve teemiques before | actualy used in the real worid!” | _ fn you think of any sequels that are Better than the ig iakes them better / worse? aREADING You are going to read an anticle about an ‘unusual school. Six paragraphs have been Femoved from the article, Choose from the paragraphs AG the one which fs each gap (1-5), There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use, GAPPED TEXTS, “4|| Read the gapped tex frst. this wit sive you an idea of the structure and help you understand the development (of the ideas in the text. Choose the ‘most logical option to fill each gap, ‘Make sure thet the text after the gap. In an old schoo! building, a lively group of sith graders is taking a class in “Sports for the Mind” Inaclassroom, a eecher is playing a computer game on his laptop, whichis linked to large imeractve whiteboard. His {abo follows on smeothly stents are riveted tothe sreon. While he tries to avi enemy robots to make it home safely, his sith graders «5 tacking the robots moverents. Mey shot ot instactions and warnings. "That extra movement cost you precious time,” one stident observes, “Look behind you! shot ‘others. “Go! Go!” Be sis no ordinary classroom. At the Quest to Learn scost 10 in New York City, a radial experiment is underway. Who ‘knows where it wil lead? This public schools being reinvented wit the latest technology and quest-based Teaming asthe underlying principle of teaching. Ques [Lear isthe creation of game designer Katie Salen, vino 1s hat long been concemed about he fact thatthe cues taught in schools often has litle relevance tote students world outside. Bo ‘This “gamification” of education is underpinned by the belief that learning which is fun leas to greater acquisition 29 and retention of knowledge, Therefore lessons ae designed like quests ~ including online setivtes that teach subjects like maths through games. The grading system reflects Tevels of gaming competence such as novice, apprentice ad raster. Final exams are named boss level referring to he 25 last lage of video games where players face the ultimate‘a: Asfomsvot sue il do tn eng Assigumens, but aso record podcast Miele Tce vies anos Se sandent earsing. "You have understand sonsdane ge nde o explain to someone cls" curesne dng Danie O'Keefe poins ow. I th ure ame sea replace examinations. Ia student suceale in aoning through ever more sophisicued level of a game hing piyses, for example, he or she has cea omen | knowledge required, aS rant Another ara that gaming develops isthe ability to (persevere. Gamers always “level up” and aim to win, but the roed to winning involves failure. Will Wright designer (of The Sims game, call it failue-based learning, in which “failure is short-lived, non-threatening and motivational fot children. “They play for ve minutes and lose,” be says But inevitably they wll play again and gain wot hey Children who persist after constant failure develop nother lesson, the teacher presets the students withthe val ame The Last of Us. With its complex plot and ‘characters, students lean neaely a8 much about 1s they would have done by reading book. They may be the catalyst fora fundamental change in cation, for as games make the transition from commercial educational use, they are proving to be very versatile. And ce many games can be writen to be intuitive or adaptive, be the day will awn when the content of leering mized to each individuals ness. This is one Fment that eould pave the way towards revolution “education system, I's goal worth pursuing. The nis whether other sebools will follow suit. rom is Pin eguments would ou select rom Saher that gaming in ssi Sage can you tn of a3Te Pec ning gumesin te dasteor? r echert elefoc onsbl mre BD ove regular subjects ite history and scene ere Soteglsted. Rac hey are ebedded ns Such quest where sense blend academic subjects to sl poems. Forename in Creepyiown,stdets pretend ey are uel gents and use maths tconver cecies an English towne a uve og When the ty bas an economic criss, student mst improvise ~ the design a theme park Binsin eee The game evokes the fll spectrum of emotions ~ from lation to being visibly moved an thea stunned into iter silence inthe game's ial scene. Tei teacher say e couldnt imagine his having happened i they had simmply watched a film or read a novel togeter Bh National poticy makers and parents alike are concerned about fe kil, thus the recurrent debate centes around which sls stadents ned for sucess ina rapidly evoving world. One point of consensus is ‘he ned for innovation i the nation's school BD ction insta bd thie with sing "Kis ove ay pms an theywl commit nes orbours nar when i atenon span Suto forthe tgs" ys Arr Sho Gietor of crulum the school ig! gnesse antepal prt of les es wl oop ply tenplortn, we consnet new ess. Tho, pes tes pover ol fr learing tnd cd wna» ant sifting. “Thebes of guning are not sted toss in the USA. InNorway, or oxampe set aha tio gun called Pe Wing Dea. Ty det th {tical lemma of iting fod bene sav: ‘then toy have provisions fo ely fo Who sls Tete frst? Having reacbed an hcl oon, Stdens jsf ewith cone of moral philosophy they hve sted Ashe cheats death and reaches home safely with less than vo sound spare the wom eps in chee of ‘ee adaton and dlp Tor ein te eve of gage ia aig nhs cso is bea sions re sometimes sk design ei ov omputt games swell, which ands exprisein ta cog and dele eon Rid ‘ram professor st New York Universi, 8s icin collaborate ink cota snd str stew somptnces” sled for temonon’sjob mae woud you fel gang were ‘3 . ‘your country? ee Tchor's Gud for posse SreeLISTENING 1 @rTEcHNoLOGy AND LEARNING You wil hear an interview with two experts on technology and learning, For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A,B, Cor 0) which fit est according to what you hea. 1. What does Michael say about online learning? 5. What condusons about garring do Michael and Helen ay A It appeals toa greater variety of learning styles. A It provides relief from difficult everyday issues, ®t enables learning to suit the needs ofthe india. © itmay one day replace the tadtionl school system D Itallows us to choose the subjects we study. 2. When discussing the Khan Academy, Michael and Helen agree that it A focuses only on mastering a specific subject, like maths, 8B offers a generous amount of teaching and practice has brought education to huge numbers of people. generates cooperation betwen partcpans © it canbe a huge source of knowledge D ts competitive spect can become addictive 6. When discussing the potential of gaming, Helen reveas that she is A surprised at the abilities it develops in gamers @eccted about the endless posits. ‘€ doubtful about our abilty to see the bigger picture. concerned about the time gamers spend online. ses efectiven generating origina thought. 3. TED seres as an example of ate A whose speakers provide amusing, factual tks @pwhose orignal focus has changed overtime which of enended lectures nous sje © which resents the same speakers eve ear, 4. Both Michael and Helen agree that schools ‘A ate 100 rigid in the choice of subjects taught. B are not tolerant of independent thinkers. educate children for the present, not the future, underestimate the importance of flue in learning. featur hort talks (1 mative, entertaining and j TED talks listen and complete the expressions. Then match them to thelr meanings (a. lost effect limit time box ground wy, Ne’ Sr 1. get off the. 8. a. there are endless possibilities 4. b. come up with innovative ideas =A. start succeeding 2. frequently 8. e, you have confused me 8. f, causing events to happen ‘one after another 4, think outside the. 5. you've .._Iast. 6. the sky's the USEFUL LANGUAGELISTENING 1 A gap year isthe year between leaving school and starting university o college. Young gappers vsuslly spend this year travelling, working or volunteering This gives them time to mature and think corfu ‘bout what they really want to study, ‘Suppose you were taking a ¢ap year, which ofthe jeeeeroae + teaching or coaching your favourite sport * backpacking or travelling to remote places * going on an outdoor adventure tour / safari volunteering * taking a course abroad ‘working 9s an au pair living with a family ‘and helping with the children) 2 Q ou will hear a student called Martina taking about her gap year. For questions 18, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase TAKING A GAP YEAR ‘Martina went on a safer inthe South Luangwa Par, where she lemed (1) ...2u0h 3 One skill Martina acquired during the safari was ving the 2) oven fr finding dzetons, Martina describes herself as being (3) —. for the fst ie in er lie ‘When teaching, Marina found the (4) the most difficult aspect o deal with, Mania sys that ACK Of (9) onan 1 sometimes prevented ehildzea from coming to school, ‘Martina uses the words (6) 299.49 ‘describe education for grin countries lke Zambia, longa ht Yo Be more (7). nel enim thet tates, ‘Martina has decided ona carer inthe fed of (©). stuealonal counseling ‘According to studies, students who have taken a gap year ead 1] Qwhseco the expressions in our Linen to sentences rom te recording Circe the correc answer. ‘bensou fend for ours gl 2 faamaing on eeonne RD shocking 2: yout ut of your comfort 000 Young ¢angnfaritiay familar thegs 4. you ak what the bottom line f you want to now the(main/ lowest pint, 5. you are in two minds about something, yoy ‘completely sure mean USEFUL LANGUAGE 3 QTHE HALO EFFECT You will hear a shon segment from a radio programme called Leéming from the Experts From the three answer choes sven, choose the option that best answers the uestion, J. Inthe 1920 sty what was revealed abou he fice assessments? They were similar or every solder ©, They tended tobe ethar a postive orl reac Thay were more postive for physi quale 2. Why does br White mention saints in ancient painings? A emphaie te postive bis of he hae 9st ate how long the term hasbeen nse toeplin how the alo effec gots rae 3: According othe repo, what aden inpactah the hao eect hve? a. Icon affect success in nes carer, I can ate fst impressions lean infuence consumer behaviour 4 According 0 Dr White, why ae wes easly infuenced bythe halo eee? I sas time and efor We are ot abays concious oft. « isin our genete make-up. 5 Whatis suggested abou the hao eect andes humans? I made them ss susceptible to dese and 5. elped them identify potential pants and leaders | -¢ erable he aby 0 arya data to c=READING 1 You are going to read a magazine article in which four people who have history degrees talk about their work. For questions 110, choose from the people (A-D). The people may be chosen more than once Which person Into apc of the or tat tow temtobeimoaner ew MS] conden th cles rane in whieh mites re sostnes died? dons mconceaten aot ace ofthe wo? confesses to finding their work desatsying at times? 1 explains that finding flaws safeatweot ESI] thelr work? a ‘emphasizes the practical need to appeal to ‘he general pubic? explains how various devices suppor them in ther work? casts doubt on th authentic of certain anelacs? comments on the searcty of graduatesin. IS) their fed? mentions the need 10 follow ecsting a regulavons? (On graduating, challenged conventional ies that teaching isthe only feasible option open to hisery graduates and chose t become an at crime investigate ‘withthe police, The job involves conscientious resexch ‘son my pat to track down works of at stolen fom sts, ‘museums and churees, which are particulary vuln and cannot always safeguard their treasures. The lecis smuggled abroad with the sole intent of being sold we he highest bidder. collection of seulptues, once consis single entity, may be shamefully fragmented and jut scattered aeross the world, Soar erime squads in ena countries constantly exchange information on iit tealficking. A recent case of mine involved the repaiia of thee paintings taken from an Italian church, Seized ssduring a raid on a London hotel where deaes i ici antiquities were meeting, these paintings were eumed s ‘heir ight owners. In my experience, Id estimate 203. ‘ofthe priceless atin museums may have been scquied ‘under dubious cizcumstances, and some could actually be ae forgeres! Retrieving stolen artis Jong, drawn-out proces. The w is painstaking and not always rewarding, 0 I'm uae m9 ilusions about happy endings In the worst-case seni thieves try to destroy the evidence before we can const 2st, often causing reversible damage. Sometimes, sl, pieces are lost forever. DD studying to sitar degree taught meta gate, ‘sess and collate information ~ sls which ae eval ‘in many walks of ife. And having been fascinated ty 2» programmes on he History Chantel, mde wha ene patra choice ane became a levis esearch sit Creating a historical series requires meticulous tod a that’s where Iome in. Above al i's essential that Txt an verily the factual background on costunes, itt sand jewelery Tals skim hough images to poi spiration for the ssnery and props. Researches xii das to expand onthe ie of «carter ch’ ‘Tomas Cornell in Wo} Halo Quen Veer. 843 authori on any paricular prio, but ott of -#My work requires a high degree of acuray and Stik attention o detail to avoid paring ers he tig lins in a ISth-cnury village! Historians have discredited certain series for “oii thefts, yet they do spk an terest in isto. 8 they say into the realm of tion on theo x5, Period dramas like Vikings are in many respects d= isto cert, The Viking his al lo asauhenti as possible inspite by miaREADING ‘You are going to read an extract from a magazine article about a killer whale. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which best fits each gap. (1-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Tilikum THE yO) YC (0) 7. gt Boa MEV e {can clearly recall my irs ist to Orlando's Sy and hovr stunned Iwas by the sight of perecty synchronized killer mhales expoding otto th yt But it was an orca called Tilikum, the largestig «captivity, rocketing into the air that drew the grate gasps from the awestruck spectators. At 69 mins ig length, he vas undoubtedly the star ofthe soy, > Having reached his destination, the captive son kant that he would be rewarded with fod if he pefomed 1w tricks. To the delight of the park's owners, houses of visitors queued up to se the spectacle, However, te obliging orca, who could be heard calling out 0 other whales, survived for less than a year Ge ‘When the US government prohibited this practice ints 18 waters, the hunters decamped to eeland, where they caught Tilikum. The then two-year-old calf was ken to a Reykjavik 200 and confined there for almost ¢ Year in a concrete tank before transfer toa marine pre ‘No longer able o swim hundreds of miles every dy, 20 Tilikum would either circle the pool or lie motionless fn the surface. Instead of ocean sounds, al he heard ‘Was the monotonous rhythm of the filtration system, Eventually, the orca arrived in a marine park in Canad, ‘where he was kept in a 30-by-15-metre performance 2s pool adjacent to a marina, with its cacophony of ‘man-made, underwater noise @- ‘To perform with a killer whale requires extensive sil, ‘experience and athleticism, Blond, vivacious Dawa Brancheau was SeaWorld’s poster girl and highly 59 competent professional who adhered stritly to saley regulations. On Febuary 24, 2010, after performing ‘with Tilikum, Brancheau was lying on a ledge, stitt‘Acritcal question emerged fom this tragic incident Steg y Way oid an ore ll a human in whae appeared (tobe a deliberate atk, when no record exists of this ever happening inthe wild? The catalogue of seg, Di inns incladed a broken nesk and ja, and G3, adislocated clbow, Sho aerwards documentary ag) called Bloch atempted to answer tis question 2 ge =) Bf ig,’ algo provides ahistorical overview of whale-ctching cn goncral and of Tika’ exporene specially, and this support the sagestion that devietbehaiour in whales sems fom ter capture and comequen 16 eae Experts consled deserve rca” eed for ay, 3 sim space and simulation, confirming how ill-suited they aj are tothe constraints of ovemight confinement in ‘jg small pens. As whale researcher Paul Spong explains, ef “Tyou pen killer whales ina small steel tank, you ing 5 a€ imposing an exreme level of sensory depeivation fon them. Humans who are subjected fo those sane See Qader mel dat” sc ye fase a SPicchia ctios Waals surge of eitcism of SeaWorld, and visitor nambers SES save taken a nosedive. SeaWorld executives declined to be interviewed forthe film, bt responded with a ‘ere publicity campaign. Tey esert tat withoot their ‘rcs, not only would we know less about the species, but humans would be denied a connection 1 these @ magnificent, highly sentient mammals. oo, So). Whether or not captive killer whales are eventually {he piased out, it ems Tilikum’s fate was sealed, despite calls for his release, Marine biologiss declared him unfit for fein the wild and his life ended where he had 5 spent mos of it~ in captivity. a a Accept atlas! ‘What three things from this {ext would you share? ITICAL THINKING SKILLS ough we want to watch and study animals ales and polar bear, Keeping these alsin captivity is often cruel. What, ive possibilities to zo0s and marine you suggest? (EB) reveals hat since the 1960, there have been ‘numerous documented incident of killer whale stacks on taners worldwide ~ Fact park owners have suppressed Soon other whales were being hunted. A pod would be Tocated from the ar then trapped withthe ad of speed boats, nes and underwater explosives. Usually ‘tolescent females were aged, being easier 10 handle and anspor. Over the following decade, S1 Kile hates were captured off he Pacific coast and sold o marie parks. ‘The orea ignored all commands to release his vietim, who, at a mere 6 kes, was n0 match fora six-ion Killer whale. By the timo his jaws were forced open his devoted trainer was dead. The incident shocked “Americans, for whom SeaWorld’s star was a friendly ‘ational ico, wih his cuddy-toy version a Destseller inthe souvenir shops ‘The des of using a top ocean predator to entertain people was bora in 1985, when an orca, tangled in 2 fisherman's net off the coast of British Columbia, was sold and shipped 725 kilometres to a Seatle ‘aquarium, The 20 or so members ofthe captured ‘hal's family ~ his pod ~ followed for most of the journey. To distance themseves from all the controversy, Some marine parks insted a system of breeding ‘ores in captivity ~ allowing them to stock pon ‘aby llr whales onthe grounds that this enables ‘them to study ora reproduction in depth Following seven years in these conditions, & horrifying incident occured ~Tiikur and two female orcas killed a trainer who had fllen in the Water. Shortly afterwards, the now flly gow Tiikum was sold to SeaWorld, Orlando, where more asukies awaited ~ including the park’s top trainer ‘Through further interviews with whale experts and former trainers, a gap emerges between SeaWorl’s animal-lovng image and the behind-the-scenes realty, Some footage makes for disturbing viewing, such a a bleeding whale attacked by fellow captives, ‘ora trainer dragged repeatedly to the bottom of a ‘ool. In personal testimonies, whale huters recollect the distressing cries of mother whales as their calves were captured, ‘Answers rom page 101 || 170 as 21000000 4.100 52. 6.170005 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES: on / in Jat Complete the sentences withthe words given 1ftheeshold"] 9. Many spies on the eno of exineon basis |b. They chose the safari trip gn the nn beal..of online reviews brink J & Westend on the....taha. ofa new ein space exploration. Homes in the ..naeaty...of the fre have been badly damaged. ofthe ire have been bay damaoe ‘The dogs medicine comes in the... lam... of a cheba tablet. Inthe unt... f flesing the park vl be ore to the publ 1s] 3. hands] 2: Citeus animals sometimes suffer atthe une. ofthe anes. ery | b.Atthe =~ of raul ew potope ee ‘When fishing out at sea, you're at the. ronal the height ofthe weather, 6 fre animals and Humans alike? Read ine statements out some tats animals and humans share. Match the words in colour (1-8) to ther meanings (at), Ata sot ty concep). Tey mur dat ct wir ahgandahes eecamicteenns. [Teach “ones njng toby the body 8... tell the difference ‘They (2) resemble humans ‘They will deliberately (6) deceive Aco OM, inthattheyaaleacather a) achat gainan adage, | Pe tek “oyname” with auriquewhisie. “ere suchasmore food ia em ‘They wil @) intervene to protect ‘They (7) bond with humans 7.9. connect cata matine manana tease, CUBS) when theyre eked. They eae fase i) cote batfwerane = Sener angng mands The ale propose “mage byes oe cae by giving a git other chosen ens parine, 7 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, Cor D) best fits each gap. ANIMALS INSPIRE DESIGN, ‘Wit do Pua srtsvear and Joga rs haven common? Bah ghe wan ca tout te pods wth the (1 of Beal ogs tht make ws rink ofl speck Man a as ase arma ih cern ques, expe Nate ‘Anerson gave names he Sting Baler Rarning Ber o people who they 2). tee animal some wy “Tad vidi epantzatons tat want o (2) aves campsigs of ubizimporant heft choot sal for AhcrTogos The Wold Wife Funds loo, gmt pads, pea to ot emai. The ctenas of he enargee (2). == “Gots etn of enters encouraging ws to petet i eats an 5). Ne wonder hee ae mary () =a {he form of his nadie on. May spn teams alo exes the dnt with badges ering animal In fact, a car rend (when king at the tbh eis League foottal| teams some badges show hors an ges But he choi (to pedton see Sage day brs tat reasoned with he Wl ofthe own the team epee LA be Bren Cwine —— @aid 2 Aveolected — Brepraduced ©roentled ——D second Sa pepe @inite—C atmubte—_D uleash 4. @ specs Bcapve —C pretstor icin 5. A deprnation — Dottincion —C dstress D deviation GA deibonte —-Bimuine—Coancete anid 7A accamises —B avai ©enemes ——_—-D-impouts GA speed @eanined —C pombtes——_D hputedLISTENING 1 w 1 imagine you are going to vit Dohana National Pak in Spain. Look tthe lst of things to see enc doa the Which things would you want to de most? Rank tne fram 1 mos prefered) to (eat prefered) FH 1. Vait woodlands and forests he te endageed can be spotted. 2. Goto the wetland to watch id migration ee 3. Drive sround the lagoon and see hundreds of famingos feeding 4. Hike along the beach and enoy the coastline wea accessble only 0 Wakers and cys 5. See sand dunes that ave constant siting and plants that have made amazing adaptations inorder sani, @ You will heer a young student called Alan talking about visting a ational park in Spain as part of his university course For questions 18, ‘complete the sentences with a word or short phase A TRIP TO DOwANA NATIONAL PARK ‘While sting the park, Alans group was mainly interested in... ‘Aan was transported through the pK nner. “The studem's vite the park during —ti aun. 50 they coud observe migrating birds 4. Alan sas that the endangered species he sas reminded him ofa .chanah. 5. Alan explains that te... ...of the Mamingo i de to Rts food source 6, Alan explains that the way flaming ys determined by. peters 7 8 Ins spare ime, Aln enjoys taking pictures ofa kinds of. ‘Alan uses the word __eadlen_—_ta conve his impression of the beach they walled along, MR (© what do the expressions in colour mean? Listen to the sentences ‘rom the recording and choose the correct answer | youre fried around apace, you ae flown over (Gwen woungt 2. someting in fll swing sR Height about wend. 3. you keep an ee utter smeting, you ating to remember (GSR 4 someting ito a le-down, tsa ele eappomtment) 5. I you ned help and there no oe insight, els snl ob there soon OniPPOTHERAPY You will hear a short segment from a From the tree answer choices given, choose the option th radio programme called Learning from the spe at best answers the question. 3. How does modem hippotherapy difer from is origina 2 wider range of conkition being treated. ©The patients encouraged to analyze te roses nowt (© re emphasze how long the hese heating & The pate loned more cote fhe hose Fe era tesct Saray © 4 Wet orm bewte ot haha Its more effective than other therapy 10 A eatonshp forms between horse and patent 2 Accorcng to Dr wards, what does hippotherepy The therapists the one crroe othe take advantage of? PSs the one in charge of the Hose. 1. Why does the reporter mention Hippocrates? 2. to suggest when humans fist formed a bond with hoses 5. Whats typical ofa se? 2. the physical strength and fitness of a horse: ‘4 Tae ici Soe eran es j 1. the horse's understanding of ou feelings by having avery sowchera a j the natural movement ofa waking horse 9 hw waking pace | 9 relatively advanced in age(® 1 LISTENING ‘Today we download songs from the intemet, but what technology did people use when they listened ty inthe pas? Look at the tems below and put them in order according to the date they were fist ue, "sea won ‘er 002 5.a.MP3 Aib.Os (wine RECORDS You wi hear part ofan interview with a music journalist called Pip Rogers anda ‘musician called Heath Francs about the renewed popularity of ving records, For questions 1 best answer (A, 8, CoO). Wine supried ip about the comeback of vin cords? A Ithas not crested as uch incore as expects 3s happening ony now ater than in the 18805 Some ofthe ld ecord factories haven't sed down. Ving manufactures are srugaing to meet demand, 2 in Heath opinion whats the main tvacion of recon? USEFUL LANGUAGE @the ste aneiecyou can poses They can become a serious hobby. {© Thay ate ften cheaper than CDs 1D They ae durable are long lasting, 3. What des Fp say abou young people and records? 6 A Thay preter stening wo arent musi on ects, © vi ese oer tena er opens © They are rustate by wy beau of tans, They hie aerate ways of exresing hee musa taste, QA compermon You wit hear Five short extracts in which peopl talk about entering 8 competion. ‘TASK ONE For questions 15, choose from thelist (A-H) what ‘made each speaker decide to enter the competition. A their cust about something B the desire to help others Speeeee 1 LEE € the post of winning speaker? (ET) D an inspicationa teacher pe exposure for their work Speeker3 (B13) F adestetocompete someting sosater 4 [EE] G the cance to use university aces re H the opportunity tosohean urban Speaker 5 [A/B} prebiem ‘© uinen and complete the expressions. 1. fd be forced to commit o one spctc project and see. 2. Solrealy went out 3. Thats what got me on 4, She gave usa tree 5. Don't ite off more than Bac wy rect © wns whee reaurenerts or gente © bang eo sae usc rstatreo -when came to my oa presentation And. aseties eo 00% the Heath mentions popula singesin ere to ‘A suggest ho musicians could incre thence, B. exlain how streaming senices charge ors lemphasia the exter ofa problem fain usar D tutte the dsachontagesf ee ace tome When asked about the future of record, Pip reas A. confident that people wil watt inestin te © concerned people vil ae interest in vy evry surprised that vin perceived a a pasng ten ‘what both ip and Heath apprecte abou dig mi ‘A nothaving to pay fr every song you he. being able tolisten to muse anywhere. C hhving access to a wie varity of misc Task TWO For questions 6-10, choose fom thelist (A ‘edvice each speaker gives about the competion ‘ont panic about pbc peaking ® ay atenton to citksm have reds ais focus on winning fst ize E donitbe discourages by probiens seesker? F dontattenpt a priest on ou OF” spear 6 pan your ime wel a H be objective about your own work Sees S specter specter? Box