EVOLUTION OF MUSEUM

Early Museum
Early museums began as the private collections of wealthy individuals, families or institutions of
art and rare or curious natural objects and artifacts. These were often displayed in so-called
wonder rooms or cabinets of curiosities.

Modern Museum
Modern museums first emerged in western Europe, then spread into other parts of the world.
The first "public" museums were often accessible only by the middle and upper classes. When
the British Museum opened to the public in 1759, it was a concern that large crowds could
damage the artifacts. The Ashmolean Museum, however, founded in 1677 from the personal
collection of Elias Ashmole, was set up in the University of Oxford to be open to the public and
is considered by some to be the first modern public museum.

Museum planning
The design of museums has evolved throughout history. However, museum planning involves
planning the actual mission of the museum along with planning the space that the collection of
the museum will be housed in. Intentional museum planning has its beginnings with the
museum founder and librarian John Cotton Dana. Dana suggested that potential founders of
museums should form a committee first, and reach out to the community for input as to what
the museum should supply or do for the community. According to Dana, museums should be
planned according to community's needs:
"The new museum ... does not build on an educational superstition. It examines its
community's life first, and then straightway bends its energies to supplying some the material
which that community needs, and to making that material's presence widely known, and to
presenting it in such a way as to secure it for the maximum of use and the maximum efficiency
of that use.”
The way that museums are planned and designed vary according to what collections they
house, but overall, they adhere to planning a space that is easily accessed by the public and
easily displays the chosen artifacts.
Many museums strive to make their buildings, programming, ideas, and collections more
publicly accessible than in the past. Not every museum is participating in this trend, but that
seems to be the trajectory of museums in the twenty-first century with its emphasis on
inclusiveness.
In terms of modern museums, interpretive museums, as opposed to art museums, have
missions reflecting curatorial guidance through the subject matter which now include content
in the form of images, audio and visual effects, and interactive exhibits.
Museum creation begins with a museum plan, created through a museum planning process.
The process involves identifying the museum's vision and the resources, organization and
experiences needed to realize this vision. A feasibility study, analysis of comparable facilities,
and an interpretive plan are all developed as part of the museum planning process.

Art museums
The first publicly owned museum in Europe was the Amerbach-Cabinet in Basel, originally a
private collection sold to the city in 1661 and public since 1671 (now Kunstmuseum Basel). The
Ashmolean Museum in Oxford opened on 24 May 1683 as the world's first university art
museum. Its first building was built in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities Elias
Ashmole gave Oxford University in 1677. initially conceived as offices for the Florentine civil
service (hence the name), but evolved into a display place for many of the paintings and
sculpture collected by the Medici family or commissioned by them. After the house of Medici
was extinguished, the art treasures remained in Florence, forming one of the first modern
museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in
1765 it was officially opened to the public.

IMPORTANCE OF VISUAL ART

Visual Art is everywhere. You may not know it but visual art is the means we communicate, it is
in the food you eat, the clothes you wear, the road you pass on, the car you ride on, the
website you navigate, the store you buy from, and practically anywhere you set your eyes on.
Why so? Visual Art is an art form primarily perceived by the eye. Usually seen in painting,
photography, printmaking, and even film making. Many people have different definition of the
visual arts. But to put it simpler, visual art takes nature and the man’s ability to capture the
moment to a piece of paper so that other people may take time appreciating the captured
image.
Visual art has gone along way. These days, we use visual art in many ways. Landscapers use
visual art in most of their work, Website Designers use visual art a lot in putting together
content and eye-catching websites, dress makers use visual art to create a beautifully sewn
gown for a particular occasion. Visual art is also used in designing posters, book covers, food
packages, clothing, apparel, jewelry, and a whole lot more.
Imagine a world without art. No music, no movies, no paintings, no drawings, no designs, and
etc. The world will be a very dull place to live in. Perhaps the only thing you would be seeing is
black and white. No laughter, no smiles, practically no emotions at all.

ART AND HEALING

Art and health have been at the center of human interest from the beginning of recorded
history. Over the past decade, health psychologists have cautiously begun looking at how the
arts might be used in a variety of ways to heal emotional injuries, increase understanding of
oneself and others, develop a capacity for self-reflection, reduce symptoms, and alter behaviors
and thinking patterns. Given the ubiquity of creative expression, as well as the relative ease of
engagement, the extent to which psychological and physiological effects are sustainably health
enhancing is an important area for public health investigation.
The idea that creative expression can make a powerful contribution to the healing process has
been embraced in many different cultures. Throughout recorded history, people have used
pictures, stories, dances, and chants as healing rituals.
Visual Arts
Art helps people express experiences that are too difficult to put into words, such as a diagnosis
of cancer. Some people with cancer explore the meanings of past, present, and future during
art therapy, thereby integrating cancer into their life story and giving it meaning.
Art can be a refuge from the intense emotions associated with illness. There are no limits to the
imagination in finding creative ways of expressing grief. In particular, molding clay can be a
powerful way to help people express these feelings through tactile involvement at a somatic
level, as well as to facilitate verbal communication and cathartic release and reveal unconscious
materials and symbols that cannot be expressed through words.
Mori Art Museum
CITY-Tokyo
COUNTRY-Japan
CONSTRUCTION YEAR-2004
ARCHITECT-Gluckman Mayner Architects

The Mori Art Museum is a contemporary art museum founded by the real estate developer
Minoru Mori in the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower in the Roppongi Hills complex both of which he
built in Tokyo, Japan. The interior architect of the museum's galleries on the 53rd floor of the
54-story tower in which the museum is housed is Richard Gluckman of Gluckman Mayner
Architects. The museum does not exhibit a permanent collection but rather temporary
exhibitions of works by contemporary artists.
National Gallery of Modern Art
Jaipur House, India Gate, New Delhi, Delhi 110003
Construction year- March 29, 1954.
Architect- Charles G Blomfield and his brother Francis B Blomfield

The Gallery is the premier institution of its kind in India. It is run and administered as a
subordinate office to the Department of Culture, Government of India. The NGMA has two
branches one at Mumbai and the other at Bangaluru. The gallery is a repository of the cultural
ethos of the country and showcases the changing art forms through the passage of the last
hundred and fifty years starting from about 1857 in the field of Visual and Plastic arts.
Notwithstanding some gaps and some trivia, the NGMA collection today is undeniably the most
significant collection of modern and contemporary art in the country today.
REFERENCES

• Heather L. Stuckey. (2010). The Connection Between Art, Healing, and Public Health
• M. Manisha (2015) Museum: Meaning and Functions
• Roth (2018). The importance of visual art
• Afzal Ibrahim (2019) What is Art? Why is Art Important?