Meghto. Roy TD.20193c018 Experiment No? Ol and 02 ee Expertiment Nome j Study of flow rough on Oncbige meter and venturi meter Experimental, Dota + _—— Noes Q. = Kt 2 log a = log k blog Hm > n- WyQerbogk 8, . log Hem "a Ga > Actual flow reoke Here, thee Depection ire a. momometerc K > constant : 2 ky 2 A RED er Nie (PGF af ma lo ay | Volume Time. Actuok nua, |Manometor Reading | itHecanoh + Tie of ——s Ob [igt [Right] Net | Predeore Jeolkected | sp ussten. ant : as in| éerial| eolomn |colomn P= Hm eA) vCm>) + (sec) Crs) Genes) | Cem) | Hn Com a |ca5 |aa5 | 200 | 19G0 Bxio3 | 12 G.lczKie! 2 |645 | Jass|too | 1862 | S03 | 12.5 | aro 3 [643 |443 |200 | 1960 5xlo's 13 BBGcn64 tL Scanned with CamScannerCaleulation > | Thera Heak caltutations of How rote, Here, } Flow eo-e}fricient, a =14 [for ventura meter] a = 0.67 [For orifice meter] Expansion coelpieient, & = 4 Alpercturce. etcoes secton, For vies meters, A> TE x Gear te BROW oy = 21BExX1074 mM For venturi meter, Ags © x Claxio2y~ . "2 1L.B39xKI0 my specifie density § “1000 que? Scanned with CamScanner| Manomelie| Moreen! | Co-dfticiont | Mpeg | Value. Obs) Actual om | Plow rate. | discha : ; ooo | Debleetiem, "ae Cd of mise es see [en 8%e pom ty Ga Ps) orifice |ventoni |acipiee [ventors jonipiee | venti] LQ °° 4d lac] 200 [za B06 1.47 | 1az 2} axtod | 100 |azexetla.oree4] 1.45 [135 |i.a2[to3] [Seder] 200 |osqnstlacsxo! 1.35 | 1.26 For observation 1, Tr ortifiee meter, Q. = XK EAS = . 2x19G0 + (0.67 x1 x 2.1Baxio x | “ooo 2. 24x10 4 Wn? fr venturi meter, 8 = KtAa ear ‘ 5 Q2XID6O (4x4 % 1,539x10 4) X pee + 3.05xX10 4 mts”! Scanned with CamScannerAosignmen\- ti] 2 GSrod-ore. Re. coefficient of velocity * eoefBicient of == exffecient 4-discharge hor om onifice 20n. Jacloen do Wese co-dticients depend 2 : Ans? Co-ebpicient f-velocity ? YH is defined as He ratio of the octual, velocity, q- the jet ot vena eontracta. (v) to the. Heoretical relocity. Gogticient controction 2 Tt is ddined as Pe rotio + area. a-jel oF veno.embrocts, fo fle. aver of enifice. Pfhiciont gf discharge 2 SH is delined as te mah oF [Pe actual discharge Frough the onifice (Q) to fe. Recvetiont. elischarege. These. co-efficient depends on various foctorcn t Pietbicient of velocitys The volue of- coed picient of- velocity dependa Upon te brdcti 7 ot He orefice surface. D Co-efpisent of eantraction + es (The gate Opening GD The. woter level upstream of He. ge. {2 The pinion heig ht of the. qo Mi Ce - efficient of dis charege - Othe rate of Hos (0 Velocity of Re word-cing fui. Scanned with CamScanner{2 Ldhy is Te acluok discharge through an orcipice lees [Ran the theo retiant discharge ? “ Ans? The. teeasen chi Ca values are always less fon 4 is becouse He. ochiol discharge caithabuays be lees than: the tReoree-Heal. discharege idealized by Tortica, Discharege CoGficient ts incoopercted fo tole Care of- heod toes due to friiction..S0, fore friction, Jactual. Sperating head wilt be Ler trom he ocluok heacl measured and Parefore, {his hos Hem one. . ; 3. Define veno.eontra Why does it form 2 - Ans? Ven. contra ts defined on the nosrouest central flow region of-a jet Rot occures ab, ore juat dausr- Stream +0 the orifice aba reequicgitcant valve. Tt is chorsactertized by bgh: velocity Lowinare flow. ¢ Whar puid streamline connect aloruptly change direction, Streambines are tmable +o closely to oes We sharp arales in ontibice nozale and Pipe. Cohen Lbuid posses Frough He onibiee, Re gradual controction oF- plaid falees ploce. The pluid stream begins to Converge Gnd pass (rough Re orcipiece The streamime eonh to Convercaing in smock pal even after: ay passes he Scanned with CamScannerore ce. Fuad eonven.ge> to Re minunum ances 6eetion. in doonstream of floos erik diverges aqain amd 1b Gor canes Section is called ven contra. and fis is hoes iC foremn Assignment 2 LA Gihy is Re diverging amgle smotlere fan. Me Converging angle for @ ventura metere 2 Ans: Tn Re. diverging section in o& venturimeter, Me kinetic energy of the. fluid which 6 granted im_the converging section is converted back into preeesurce. So, in the. divereging section , Be preeesurce is ineveosing alongside cont fhe flrid motion Tp the enoes sectional area mcreases rapidly » Me prow become. stagnankand separated from Re. woth oF ven turygi cousing eddias ond preeeure Losses due to friction. Thet> chy sdiverging orgie of Re ventoni meters ts kept smollere Han ire converging omgle to raduce the Probaloitity of plows separcotion and hence keeping the preessune reecoverrin eYicieney as high. os possible. a Scanned with CamScanner2. Hows cam. the. accurmoey of venturus metere be increased re use 2 ’ Ans: The accuracy Level. of venturi meter com lac. increased in free. woys ea By tredueing error using discharege coatfic ient +o Ho account fer maceureacies . OB, neglecting. freietion in Bermouls equation. @ By ensuring Mok the device. is placed horizontally Dey replacing pressure ten witt"Pressure tslatic_ 2. On cshak factors does the meter co-efficient depend? JAns2. The co-ebbicient of a metere depends on > (D The position of- He taps. (t) Actuol {tow discharge [od Pak of 5 ; @ Velocity of eordehng plusid las Chak is cowitabion 2 Discuss its effect on Paw thresh aventurey meter. Hows ean Yor ovoid :eavitation Ina verrturng meter 2 Ans? Cavitation fs oL phenomenon in ahich the state preeesure ot te Liquid tuduces te below +e Liquid’s vapoure preessure , leading +o the. formation Scanned with CamScannerof- smo. vapor- filed eavities ine Liquid, Ebpects of verbo cavitation af ventura metere arce + Doribtion creeates vibreation amd noise duc tu suddent coUapsing of. bubble. ; (W Eppect ee} efficiency of oa venturi meter (0) The eurcface gets damaged’ due +o covities. Covitation takes place asthe Liquid evepowtes amd Me vopore condenses 45 o Uquid and so om. To owid Covitation , He. preeesuree. ak Pe root op o vertur metert Nese ee of- He foUowing liquid IB. Given, “Throok diametere sd, = 4 in Pipe diameterz, d, 212 in Specific grovily 5g, = 0182” Height differcance >t Din ‘of merc cury Co-efyicient of- clischange. 2 Gy 2 0.975 Rote. of discharcge ; 8 22 We know, difference of- pressure Head ; ney [Ape] Scanned with CamScannerBG -9[ eae = 140.268 in poe AA. 3° Tava Tae Me QO Fas OY eS arTae El (%qx laa) (% xte)” = G46. powell 46.428 in?s @net) = O.DF5 Discussion: Tr orifice. meter, theree Is sudden contraction of Hho orifice. area cohich. leads to large. pice ssc] dicop in He fluid due to 4Re fot malian of Aarege eddies cohich Consumes mechanicok energy of ABe Pluid. Bub in venturi meter , there, isa graduch decrease. in. Re owea ot He Mhrook fRot’s ool The. coefficient of orifice. wmetete as dees ran the coefficient of vernturey meter. 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