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Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1722 – 1730

15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for

Sustainable Development”

Horizontal force during rolling as indicator of rolling technology

and technical conditions of main rolling equipment
Vladlen Mazura, Viktor Artiukhb,*, Mohammed I. Matarnehc
LLC “Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical Company”, Pushkin, Parkovaya, 56, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia
a

b
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, Saint-Petersburg 195251, Russia
c
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Huson University College, P.O. Box 50, Irbid, Jordan

Abstract

Horizontal force during rolling as indicator of rolling process ability and technical conditions of main rolling
equipment is considered. Relationships between horizontal impact force of work rolls chocks against housings
(backup rolls chocks slots) and entry speeds of metal to work rolls bite during their gripping are shown.
Recommendations are given for reduction of horizontal forces and permanent control of their values.
© 2016
© 2016TheTheAuthors.
Authors. Published
Published by Elsevier
by Elsevier Ltd. is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Ltd. This
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Urbanisation
Peer-review as aresponsibility
under PrerequisiteoffortheSustainable Development.
scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a
Prerequisite for Sustainable Development
Keywords: Work roll, horizontal force, dynamic loads, metallurgical equipment, rolling stand.

1. Introduction

Nowadays, problem of dynamic loads reduction in work stands of rolling mills for start of production of new
steel grades and increase of equipment durability is important for almost all iron and steel works having rolling
equipment.
Main dynamic loads whose maximum values and oscillations result in accidental breakdowns of details of main
drive lines and housings of rolling stands are:

* Corresponding author
E-mail address: artiukh@mail.ru

1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a
Prerequisite for Sustainable Development
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.915
 Vladlen Mazur et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1722 – 1730 1723

x dynamic rolling torque TD [1 – 3];

x horizontal dynamic forces during rolling FHOR. D [4] (refer to fig. 1).
In addition, relation between TD and FHOR. D is shown in [5, 6] that proves possibility of their mutual calculation.
Perspective method of accidental breakdowns of metallurgical equipment prevention is its diagnostics [7, 8].
Widely spread diagnostics is done by means of experimental studies and measurements of torques driving work rolls
(WRs), housings deforms, vibrations of details, etc. [9, 10]. It is important to know that:
x FHOR. D is responsible for durability of rolling stands details on which it acts (refer to fig. 1);
x FHOR. D has bigger influence than TD on housings bad plates and foundation durability.
Main aims of this paper are:
x to prove that horizontal forces during rolling arise earlier then dynamic rolling torques during start of rolling /
unsteady rolling;
x to define relation between FHOR. D and TD for 2-Hi and 4-Hi rolling stands;
x to make analysis of influence of different rolling technological parameters on increase of horizontal forces;
x to analyze possibility to use measurements of horizontal forces acting on housings (forces of WRs chocks
horizontal impacts against housings) to define technical conditions of main details and units of rolling stands.
On fig. 1 on the basis of bottom work roll (BWR) initial dynamic horizontal force FHOR. D. BWR is shown. It acts
from metal pos. 1 on BWR pos. 2 equipped with chocks pos. 4 positioned in housings windows from operator
(pos. 3) and drive sides (pos. 5). Two arrows of FHOR. D acting in directions of each other show oscillations of FHOR. D
during unsteady rolling.

2. Main text

Experimental data analysis of dynamic rolling torques measurements on spindles, WRs and deformation /
elongation of housings frames of hot strip rolling mills 2500 and 1700 [11, 12] shows that deformation / elongation
of housings frames (by rolling force P at start of rolling) begins earlier then increase of T D on spindle near WR by
around 0.018 – 0.021 sec (refer to fig. 2). To the point, maximum of TD on spindle is by 0.03 sec earlier then
maximum elongation of housings frames due to rolling force P.
Experimental data measurements results of dynamic horizontal forces and rolling forces in work stands of hot
rolling mills 2000 and 1700 [6 and 13] shows that start of increase of horizontal forces FHOR. I acting from WR
chocks on reciprocal surfaces of back-up rolls (BURs) chocks / housings is faster then start of increase of rolling
force by 0.001sec (refer to fig. 3). It proves assumption of author of this paper that:
x inertial horizontal force acts first on WRs (arise due to mismatch of entering speed of metal to WRs bite and
rolling speed that is dynamic bite);
x dynamic rolling torque increases only after act of inertial horizontal force.

Fig. 1. Scheme of act of initial dynamic horizontal force FHOR. D. BWR from metal on BWR.
1724 Vladlen Mazur et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1722 – 1730

It is believed that main reasons of big rolling torques changes during metal bite are:
x dynamic bite by WRs;
x joining of metal mass to multimass system of rolling stand;
x horizontal gaps between reciprocal surfaces of lining straps and cover strips;
x gaps in connections of rolling stand main drive lines.

Fig. 2. Oscillogram fragment of record of rolling force P and dynamic rolling torque TD in roughing work stand of hot rolling mill 1700.

Fig. 3. Oscillogram fragment of record of horizontal forces and rolling force in roughing work stand of hot rolling mill 1700: FHOR. 1 is
horizontal force acting on front (in rolling direction) reciprocal lining strap of BUR chock on drive side; FHOR. 2 is horizontal force acting on
front reciprocal lining strap of BUR chock on operator side; FHOR. 3 is horizontal force acting on back (in rolling direction) reciprocal lining
strap of BUR chock on operator side.

Initial dynamic horizontal force on i WR FHOR. I (refer to fig. 1) during moment of time t for 2-Hi rolling stand
can be calculated:
TD I (t )  TST I (t ) , N (1)
FHOR. I (t )
rI
where TD I is dynamic rolling torque on i WR, N∙m;
TST I is rolling torque during steady rolling on i WR, N∙m;
rI is radius of i WR, m.

Initial dynamic horizontal force on I WR FHOR. I (refer to fig. 1) during moment of time t for 4-Hi rolling stand
(with absence of slippage between WR and BUR) can be calculated:
 Vladlen Mazur et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1722 – 1730 1725

TD I (t )  TST I (t ) , N (2)
FHOR. I (t )
ª § r ·2 º
rI ˜ «1  ¨¨ I ¸¸ »
«¬ © RJ ¹ »¼

where RJ is radius of j BUR that is in contact with i WR, m.

It is proved [14] that force FHOR. D. I becomes dynamic force FDYN. I of chock pos. 4 horizontal impact against
housing pos. 1 (refer to fig. 4). Value of FDYN. I is influenced by:
x horizontal stiffness of housing pos. 1 at place of chock pos. 4 (lining strap pos. 3) horizontal impact against
surface of window of housing pos. 1 (facing strip pos. 2);
x gap ' between lining strap pos. 3 and facing strip pos. 2;
x energy of elements horizontal impacts.

Fig. 4. Scheme of acting of dynamic horizontal impact force FDYN. I of WR chock against housing.

Influence of mismatch of entry speeds of metal to WRs bite VMET and rolling speed VROL is shown below on the
basis of modern 4-Hi reversing thick sheet rolling stand (customer is not shown due to marketing restrictions) with
technical parameters:
x rolling force is up to 8000 t;
x billet mass is up to 60 t;
x rolling speed is up to 9.6 m/s;
x minimum thickness of finished strip is 2.4 mm.
It is theoretically proved that the most acceptable mismatch of VMET and VROL is VMET = 0.95 VROL. Graph of
relation of horizontal impact force of BWR chock FHOR. D. BWR against housing and VMET (within range from 3.2 m/s
till 4.0 m/s) when VROL = 2 m/s and mass of billet is 48150 kg from steel API X80 during metal bite by WRs is
shown on fig. 5. Graph of relation of FHOR. D. BWR and VMET (within range from 1.7 m/s till 1.9 m/s) when
VROL = 2 m/s and mass of billet is 48150 kg from steel API X80 during metal bite by WRs is shown on fig. 6.
Having data from fig. 5 and fig. 6 it is necessary to define relation between FDYN. I and VMET when there is no
slippage between metal and WRs during metal bite. It will allow operation staff to make preliminary calculation of
FDYN. I (assuming that WRs are loaded equally) that will help to avoid premature wear of contact surfaces of units
and details of 4-Hi rolling stand.
1726 Vladlen Mazur et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1722 – 1730

Fig. 5. Graph of relation between horizontal impact force of BWR chock against housing and entry speed of metal to WRs bite during metal bite
in considered 4-Hi reversing thick sheet rolling stand.

Fig. 6. Graph of relation between horizontal impact force of BWR chock against housing and entry speed of metal to WRs bite during metal bite
in considered 4-Hi reversing thick sheet rolling stand.

Obtained relation between FDYN. I and VMET (m/sec) within range from 1.7 m/sec till 4.0 m/sec:

FDYN. I 0.5 ˜ VMET

3
 3 ˜ VMET
2
 6 ˜ VMET , MN (3)

Graph of obtained relation (3) is shown on fig. 7 where deviation of calculation is not more 9%. It is possible to
use relation (3) for other 4-Hi rolling stands with:
x metal billets masses from 45 t till 51 t from steel grades API X60…X80;
x VROL = 1.8…2.1 m/sec and VMET = 1.5…4.2 m/sec.
 Vladlen Mazur et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1722 – 1730 1727

Fig. 7. Graph of relation according to relation (3) between horizontal impact force of WR chock against housing and entry speed of metal to WRs
bite during metal bite in considered 4-Hi reversing thick sheet rolling stand.

The next important parameter which influences rolling technology is mass of metal m that is strictly stated for
production of particular rolled sheet/strip and m can be reduced only in cases when metal needs to be rolled on
equipment that has to be revamped. Graph of relation between horizontal impact force of WR chock against housing
and mass of metal in considered 4-Hi reversing thick sheet rolling stand is shown on fig. 8.

Fig. 8. Graph of relation between horizontal impact force of WR chock against housing and mass of metal.

Technical conditions of rolling equipment should meet demands of contact pairs recommended wear values
which are stated by its producer and practice of its use [15]. Increase of horizontal impact force of WR chock
against housing depending on gap ' (refer to fig. 4) is scrutinized in [14]. Analysis of values and increase of main
drive lines dynamics coefficients of different rolling stands depending on time of metal byte by WRs at constant
summarized values of gaps in main drive lines is shown in [8]. Taking into consideration above given information
graph of relation between horizontal impact force of WR chock against housing and summarized values of gape in
main drive line of roughing 4-Hi working stand No. l of hot strip rolling mill 1700 of PJSC “MMPP n. Illich”
(Mariupol city, Ukraine) during rolling of billet with mass 8.4 t from steel grade 08kp (GOST 1050 – 88 in CIS) is
shown on fig. 9.
1728 Vladlen Mazur et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1722 – 1730

Fig. 9. Graph of relation between horizontal impact force of WR chock against housing of 4-Hi working stand No. l of hot strip rolling mill 1700
and summarized gap e in its main drive line.

According to given info about importance of having data about values of horizontal impacts forces of WRs
chocks against housings (BURs chocks) it is proposed to make their on-line measurements, control and records by
automatic control technological process system of rolling mills. Numerous experiments done for measurements of
horizontal forces, movements of WRs chocks and their horizontal accelerations [6, 13 and 16] show necessity to
have expensive equipment for making measurements, special software, qualified staff, etc. That is why it is
proposed to install rectangular load cells in special slots of WRs chocks in areas where WR chock hits BUR chock /
housing or in special slots of housings (refer to fig. 10). Dimensions of slots depend on rectangular load cells overall
dimensions. For big amount of their producers nominal load F is equal to:

F = L·W·0.0001, МN (4)

where L is length of rectangular load cell, mm;

W is width of rectangular load cell, mm;

Fig. 10. Scheme of installation of rectangular load cells.

 Vladlen Mazur et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1722 – 1730 1729

In addition, initially it is necessary to orientate on values of measured horizontal forces which can be from
0.3 MN till 12 MN, lengths L are from 120 mm till 600 mm, widths W are from 70 mm till 300 mm, nominal
thickness of rectangular load cells are from 50 mm till 75 mm and compression values are from 0.05 mm till 0.1 mm
at nominal load F (depending of rectangular load cells producers) [17, 18]. Also, it is recommended to install at least
two rectangular load cells for each WR on drive and operator sides.

3. Conclusions

1. On the basis of numerous experimental data it is proved that horizontal inertial force acting on WRs and which
becomes horizontal impact force of WRs chocks against housings (slots of BURs chocks) during metal bites
arises earlier then dynamic rolling torque on spindle. It proves necessity to know values of horizontal forces
especially during unsteady rolling.
2. Mathematical methods of dynamic horizontal forces calculations for 2-Hi and 4-Hi rolling stands are given.
3. It is proposed to use horizontal forces during rolling as indicator of rolling process ability and technical
conditions of main rolling equipment. Relations between horizontal impacts forces of WR chocks against
housings and entry speeds of metal to WRs bite during metal bite are given. It shows that optimization of
rolling technological parameters theoretically can reduce horizontal forces values by 42% [19, 20].
4. It is reasonable to use records of values of horizontal impacts forces of WRs chocks against housings (BURs
chocks) for analysis of rolling process ability and technical conditions of main rolling equipment. Given
scheme of installation of rectangular load cells is preliminary and it should be discussed with rolling mill shop
staff (mechanical, electrical and automation engineers).
5. Records of values of horizontal forces can help to establish reasons of accidental breakdowns of units and
details of main rolling equipment. Moreover, parameter of horizontal forces increase due to wear of contact
pairs can be used to prognose dates of equipment revamp.

Acknowledgments
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project №16-08-00845a «Verification and
development of models of inelastic deformation at the passive loading».

Conflict of interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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