Name: Cortes, Jhona Mae M.

Year & Section: BSMT2-C

Assignment 2

1. Tabulate the different preservatives used for urine specimen and indicate their
advantages and disadvantages (5 points)

Urine Preservatives Advantages Disadvantages

Refrigeration  When there is a delay in  There is an increase in the

examining urine, refrigerate specific gravity.
at 2C to 8C.  Precipitate amorphous
 When urine is refrigerated, phosphates and urines.
then:
1. This will not interfere
with the urine chemical
tests.
2. It prevents bacterial
growth.
3. For albumin,
aldosterone, amylase,
chloride, cortisol,
estradiol, FSH, lipase,
oxalate, proetein, uric
acid = refrigerated.

Boric acid  Preserved formed elements  It may precipitate crystals

 It will not interfere with the when used in large amounts.
routine examination, except
the pH.
 It interferes with drugs an
hormone.
 For albumin, cortisol,
estrogene, aldosterone,
amino acid, chloride, HCG,
citrate, cortisol, creatine,
DHEA, FSH, glucose,
phosphate, uric acid, and
zinc = add boric acid.

Formalin  Best for urine specimens.

(formaldehyde)  It acts as a reducing agent.
  It interferes with the
chemical tests like glucose,
esterase, blood, and white
blood cells.

Sodium flouride  Prevents glycolysis.

 A good preservative for the
analysis of the drug.
 It will interfere with test
strips for glucose, white
blood cells, and red blood
cells.

Toluene  The disadvantages are that it

floats over the surface of the
urine and may block the
pipette.

References:

 Urine Formation, and urine preservatives. Labpedia.net. (2021, March 22). Retrieved
February 10, 2022, from https://labpedia.net/urine-formation-and-urine-preservatives/


2. Tabulate the different types of urine specimen and the collection method and the tests
when they are indicated (5 points).

Types of urine specimen Collection method Tests

First morning specimen
The patient is given a urine
container to take home and
instructed to collect a sample of
the urine the first time he or she
urinates in the morning.
Because urine is not stable, the
specimen should be returned to
the laboratory within one (1)
hour of collection. If that is not
possible, the specimen should
be refrigerated be until it can be
tested.
This sample is collected the first
time the patient urinated in the
morning. A first voided
specimen is the most
concentrated and is the
preferred specimen preferred
specimen for pregnancy testing,
bacterial cultures and
microscopic examinations.

Random specimen The patient is given a non- Sample which is collected

sterile collection container and anytime during the day. Usually
instructed to collect a used only for routine screening
 midstream specimen in the
container. This type of
specimen is routinely used for
urinalysis and may not be used
for a culture and sensitivity.
because the composition of
urine changes throughout the
day.

Timed specimens (24 The test usually begins in the
hours) morning. The patient is told to
empty their bladder and discard
the urine in the toilet and record
the time on the label of the
urine container. For the next 24
hours, all urine must be
collected in the container. The
next day at the same time the
test began the patient empties
their bladder, collects the urine
in the container, and records the
time the test ended
These specimens are used when
the physician requires urine
samples to be taken at specific
intervals during the day. 24
hours urine specimens are
required for creatinine clearance
tests and many other hormone
studies.

Clean-catch midstream These specimens are collected
specimen by specially trained personnel
only.
This sample type is collected of
the urine is going to be cultured
and examined for bacterial
growth or use for cytology. For
urine culture and cytological
analyses.

References:

 Urine Collection. Collection of urine. (n.d.). Retrieved February 10, 2022, from
https://www.rnceus.com/ua/uacollect.html
 Fremgen,Bonnie F., Phlebotomy Basics with other Laboratory Techniques., 2001
 Exclusive Hospital ratings help you find a doctor who can treat you at the best
hospital, dramatically lowering your risks. Best Hospitals Near Me | Best Hospitals
Reviews & Ratings. (n.d.). Retrieved February 10, 2022, from
https://www.hospitalappraisal.com/?sites%2Fbvhealthsystem.org%2F

3. A specimen with a pH of 9 was received in the laboratory. Should you accept it or

not? If not, what should you do? Explain your answer (5 points).

References:
4. A urine specimen has a specific gravity of 1.032 obtained through refractometer. The
temperature of the specimen is 25 degrees C with 1 g/dL of protein and 2 g/dL of glucose.
What is the corrected specific gravity? Show your solution (5 points) .