TEXT 1 1 ~ Few would doubt the benefits of education People who graduate from high school tend to earn more, and generally have more choices and a better quality of life than those who do not, and for those who finish college, the benefits are even bigger. A good education may have other advantages, Research published in the past few years suggests that can strengthen the brain, making it more Camm resistant to the ravages of old age, and perhaps mitigating the damage that occurs after traumatic brain injury. Research into the link between education and dementia began in the mid-1980s and evidence suggests that a higher level of educational attainment is associated with both a decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. They also point that education beyond high school is more strongly associated with better lifelong brain health outcomes in blacks than whites. 2 = Level of education is often closely associated with socioeconomic status, and the relationship between the two confounded the results obtained in some of the earlier studies, but more recent findings show that they are indeed independent of one another, and that education is by far the more significant factor in brain health. Level of education may also accurately predict the extent to which one will recover following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medical School tracked the progress of 800 patients, all of whom had been admitted for rehabilitation after moderate to severe TBI. The results show that the more highly educated a patient was, the more likely they were to recover and be free from disability. Many researchers explain findings such as these in terms of cognitive reserve, a concept that stems from observations that some people can continue to function normally despite brain pathology. 3- The term ‘cognitive reserve’ was first used in a 1988 study, in which researchers from the University of California, San Diego examined the brains of 137 nursing home residents, all of whom had undergone neuropsychological testing before they died. While 10 of these people remained cognitively healthy and outperformed healthy individuals on the tests-post-mortem, examination revealed in their brains pathological changes associated with Alzheimer's. These people also had heavier brains and more neurons than both the demented and healthy residents included, leading the researchers to hypothesize that these extra brain cells provided 2 ‘reserve’ that made them better at dealing with the damage caused by the disease. Soe conn erg Ons GLOSSARY a PERO Oe PRATAP RAPP fQUESTION 1 Which statement is correct, according to the text? © Physical activities and the correct medication reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's. © beople with more education tered tofecover Deter fram traumatic braln tiny © Recovery from severe traumatic brain injury may be affected by the age of the patient. © Neurodegenerative diseases need to be treated with doctors with high level of education. © Itetlectually active people suffer from traumatic brain injuries more frequently. QUESTION 2 . 1 - Few would doubt the benefits of education. People who graduate from high school/tend to earn more, and generally have more choices and a better quality of life than those who do not, and for those who finish college, the benefits are even bigger. A good education may have other advantages. Research published in the past few years suggests that it can strengthen the brain, ‘making it more resistant to the ravages of old age, and perhaps mitigating the damage that occurs after traumatic brain injury. Research into the link between education and dementia began in the mid-1980s and evidence suggests that a higher level of educational attainment is associated with both a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline. They also point that education beyond high school is more strongly associated with better lifelong brain health ‘outcomes in blacks than whites. Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence. © The good choices that people who graduate from high school have are complex. © People who do not graduate from high school generally choose a better quality of life. © To graduate from high school is better for people who have a higher quality of life. CO General people who do not have good choices can also have a good quality of life. © People who do not graduate from high school tend to have worse quality of life.‘Apostila | TEAP QUESTION 3 a 1 Few would doubt the benefits of education. People who graduate from high school tend to earn ‘more, and generally have more choices and a better quality of life than those who do not, and for those who finish college, the benefits are even bigger. A good education may have other advantages. Research published in the past few years suggests that It can strengthen the brain, making it more resistant to the ravages of old age, and perhaps mitigating the damage that occurs after traumatic brain injury. Research into the link between education and dementia began in the mid-1980s and evidence suggests that a higher level of educational attainment is associated with both a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline. They also point that education beyond high ‘school is more strongly associated with better lifelong brain health outcomes in blacks than whites. The pronoun “it”, highlighted in the text, refers to which of the alternatives? © Agood education © Advantages O Research O Years ied O brain QUESTION 4 ° 2 - Level of education is often closely associated with socioeconomic status, and the relationship between the two confounded the results obtained in some of the earlier studies, but more recent findings show that they are indeed independent of one another, and that education is by far the ‘More significant factorin brain health, Level of education may also accurately predict the extent to which one will recover following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medical School tracked the progress of 800 patients, all of whom had been admitted for rehabilitation after moderate to severe TBI. The results show that the more highly educated a patient was, the more likely they were to recover and be free from disability. Many researchers explain findings such as these in terms of cognitive reserve, a concept that stems from observations that some people can Continue to function normally despite brain pathology. Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the ighlighted sentence. © Socioeconomic status has a strong relationship between earlier studies and recent findings, Q For the health of your brain, education is more relevant than socioeconomic status ‘© The relationship between education and socioeconomic status isthe most: significant factor, © Education is by far more significant in earlier studies, which are more independent. O There is a confusion in the studies, and itis difficult to say which one is more significant. Je : m Uhre memeee . QUESTION 5 2.- Level of education is often closely associated with socioeconomic status, and the relationship between the two confounded the results obtained in some of the earlier studies, but more recent findings show that they are indeed independent of one another, and that education Is by far the more significant factor in brain health. Level of education may also accurately predict the extent to which ‘one will recover following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medical ‘School tracked the progress of 800 patients, all of whom had been admitted for rehabilitation after moderate to severe TBI. The results show that the more highly educated a patient was, the more likely they were to recover and be free from disability. Many researchers explain findings such as these in terms of cognitive reserve, a concept that stems from observations that some people can Continue to function normally despite brain pathology Which statement is correct, according to this part of the text? © The extent to which people recover from TBI depends on Johns Hopkins Medical School. O Educated people have more chances to have a TBI, but itis not very common. © The recovery from a TBI depends on education to be free froffrBisability. O Researchers admitted rehabilitation for moderate to severe TBI after education. O incase of a TBI, people with higher educational level may recover better. QUESTION 6 2.- Level of education is often closely associated with socioeconomic status, and the relationship between the two confounded the results obtained in some of the earlier studies, but more recent findings show that they are indeed independent of one another, and that education is by arthe more significant factor in brain health. Level of education may also accurately predict the extent to which one will recover following traumatic brain injury (TBI), Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medical School tracked the progress of 800 patients, all of whom had been admitted for rehabilitation after, moderate to severe TBI, The results show that the more highly educated a patient was, the more likely they were to recover and be free from disability. Many researchers explain findings such as these in terms of cognitive reserve, a concept that Stemis from observations that some people can continue to function normally despite brain pathology. The word “stems”, highlighted in the text, can be substituted by which of the alternatives? O perives O Cancels O insists O Understands © AdministersApostila | TEAP QUESTION 7 3 - The term ‘cognitive reserve! was first used in a 1988 study, in which researchers from the University of California, San Diego examined the brains of 137 nursing home residents, all of whom, had undergone neuropsychological testing before they died. While 10 of these people remained cognitively healthy and outperformed healthy individuals on the tests-post-mortem, examination revealed in theli brains pathological changes associated with Alzheimer’s. These people also had heavier brains and more neurons than both the demented and healthy residents included, leading the researchers to hypothesize that these extra brain cells provided a ‘reserve’ that made them better at dealing with the damage caused by the disease The pronoun “their” (highlighted in the text) refers to which of the following alternatives? © Neuropsychological testing O 10 of these people O Healthy individuals O Tests post-mortem O brains QUESTION 8 3 - The term ‘cognitive reserve’ was first used in a 1988 study, in which researchers from the a University of California, San Diego examined the brains of 137 nursing home residents, all of whom. had undergone neuropsychological testing before they died. While 10 of these people remained cognitively healthy and outperformed healthy individuals on the tests-post-mortem, examination revealed in their brains pathological changes associated with Alzheimer’s. These people also had heavier brains and more neurons than both the demented and healthy residents included, leading. the researchers to hypothesize that these extra brain cells provided a ‘reserve’ that made them. better at dealing with the damage caused by the disease. The word “outperformed”, highlighted in the text, can be substituted by which of the alternatives? O Affected © Understood O Were better than © put more energy on O Reduced CRP ee eee ee eee rea a QUESTION 9 3 = The term ‘cognitive reserve’ was first used in 3 1988 study, in which researchers from the University of California, San Diego examined the brains of 137 nursing home residents, all of whom had undergone neuropsychological testing before they died. While 10 of these people remained cognitively healthy and outperformed healthy individuals on the tests-post-mortem, examination revealed in their brains pathological changes associated with Alzheimer’s. These people also had heavier brains and more neurons than both the demented and healthy residents included, leading the researchers to hypothesize that these extra brain cells provided a ‘reserve’ that made them better at dealing with the damage caused by the disease. Which statement is correct, according to this part of the text? © The brains of demented people are heavier than the brains of people with Alzheimer's, O People with more neurons and heavier brains never develop dementia or Alzheimer’s. O Tests-post-mortem are important to understand why the patients died and when. © People who have more neurons can also have Alzheimer's, butyith less damage to the brain. O From 137 people, 10 remained cognitively healthy and did not die before the other patients.Apostila | TEAP QUESTION 10 ° 1 Few would doubt the benefits of education. People who graduate from high school tend to earn : more, and generally have more choices and a better quality of life than those who do not, and for those who finish college, the benefits are even bigger. A good education may have other advantages. : Research published in the past few years suggests that it can strengthen the brain, making it more resistant to the ravages of old age, and perhaps mitigating the damage that occurs after traumatic f brain injury. Research into the link between education and dementia began in the mid-1980s and evidence suggests that a higher level of educational attainment is associated with both a decreased tisk of Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline. They also point that education beyond high school is more strongly associated with better lifelong brain health outcomes in blacks than whites. 2.- Level of education is often closely associated with socioeconomic status, and the relationship between the two confounded the results obtained in some of the earlier studies, but more recent findings show that they are indeed independent of one another, and that education is by farthe more significant factor in brain health, Level of education may also accurately predict the extent to which one will recover following traumatic brain injury (TB). Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medical School tracked the progress of 800 patients, all of whom had beer-admitted for rehabilitation after moderate to severe TBI. The results show that the more highly educated a patient was, the more likely they were to recover and be free from disability. Many researchers explain findings such as these in terms of cognitive reserve, a concept that stems from observations that some people can Continue to function normally despite brain pathology. 3 - The term ‘cognitive reserve! was first used in a 1988 study, in which researchers from the University of California, San Diego examined the brains of 137 nursing home residents, all of whom had undergone neuropsychological testing before they died. While 10 of these people remained cognitively healthy and outperformed healthy individuals on the tests-post-mortem, examination revealed in their brains pathological changes associated with Alzheimer’s. These people also had heavier brains and more neurons than both the demented and healthy residents included, leading the researchers to hypothesize that these extra brain cells provided a ‘reserve’ that made them better at dealing with the damage caused by the disease. What is the main idea of the text? Q Agoos education may have postive effects in aging, mental diseases and brain injury. © A good education affects positively more blacks than whites. © Brain injury and aging affects the educational level of | people who graduate from high school. O Ase-related cognitive decline began to affect education in 1980. © 800 patients with TBI recovered after ‘graduating from high school, confirming the power of education.