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Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimetricos PDF
Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimetricos PDF
Cortocircuitos Asimétricos
Sn = 50 MVA Sn = 75 MVA
Un = Un =
13,2 kV 7 kV x1 = x 2 = 25 Ω
G1 G2 L1 = L 2
x1 = x 2 = 12% x1 = x 2 = 15% x 0 = 45 Ω
x 0 = 8% x 0 = x N = 3%
Valores Base
Sb 100
S b = 100 MVA IBaC = = = 0,437 kA
3 ⋅ UbC 3 ⋅ 132
UbA = 13,2 kV UbB = UbC = UbE = 132 kV UbF = 6,6 kV
Generador 1
100 100
X1G1 = X 2G1 = j0,12 ⋅ = j0,24 X 0G1 = j0,08 ⋅ = j0,16
50 50
Generador 2
7 2 100 7 2 100
X1G2 = X 2G2 = j0,15 ⋅ ⋅ = j0,225 X 0G 2 = X N2 = j0,03 ⋅ = j0,045
75 6,6 2 75 6,6 2
Transformador 1
100 100
X1T1 = X 2T1 = j0,05 ⋅ = j0,091 X 0T1 = j0,03 ⋅ = j0,035
55 55
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Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimétricos 2
Transformador 2
100 100
X1T 2 = X 2T 2 = j0,045 ⋅ = j0,032 X 0T 2 = j0,025 ⋅ = j0,018
140 140
Transformador 3
100 100
X1T 3 = X 2T3 = j0,08 ⋅ = j0,1 X 0T 2 = j0,05 ⋅ = j0,063
80 80
Líneas
100 100
X1.L = X 2.L = j25 ⋅ = j0,143 X 0.L = j45 ⋅ = j0,258
132 2 132 2
Red Directa
Red Inversa
La Red Inversa es idéntica a la Directa, sin incluir las f.e.m. y, en este caso, el
valor de Z 2 es igual al valor de Z1
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Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimétricos 3
Red Homopolar
1,1 1,1
Ia1C 0 = = = − j0,768
1 Z1 + Z 2 + Z 0 j0,337 + j0,337 + j0,759
IaC 0 = 3 ⋅ .Ia1C 0 = 3 ⋅ 0,768 = 2,3
1 1
1,1 1,1
Ia1C 0 = = = − j1,63
1 Z1 + Z 2 j0,337 + j0,337
IbC 0 = − j 3 ⋅ Ia1C 0 = − j 3 ⋅ ( − j1,63 ) = − 2,82
1 1
IcC = 1,23 kA
-3-
Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimétricos 4
1,1 1,1
Ia1C 0 = = = − j1,93
1 Z 2 ⋅ Z0 j0,337 ⋅ j0,759
Z1 + j0,337 +
Z2 + Z0 j0,337 + j0,759
I a 2C 0 =
(
− 1,1 − Z1 ⋅ Ia1C10
1
) = − (1,1− j0,337 ⋅ ( − j1,93) ) = j1,334
1 Z2 j0,337
Ia 0 C 0 =
(
− 1,1 − Z1 ⋅ Ia1C 0
1
) = − (1,1− j0,337 ⋅ ( − j1,93) ) = j0,592
1 Z2 j0,759
1 3 1 3
IbC 0 = − + j ⋅ ( − j1,93 ) + − − j ⋅ j1,334 + j0,592 = 3,222 + j0,89
1 2 2 2 2
IbC 0 = 3,3427
1
1 3 1 3
IcC 0 = − − j ⋅ ( − j1,93 ) + − + j ⋅ j1,334 + j0,592 = - 3,222 + j0,89
1 2 2 2 2
IcC 0 = 3,3427
1
Suponer que las reactancias en las tres secuencias son iguales en todos los
componentes. Para las bases dadas: x g = 9%; x t = 5%; x L = 2%
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Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimétricos 5
Red Homopolar
Como vemos solo tiene sentido
calcular las corrientes de cortocircuito
monofásico en las barras A y D, ya
que para B y C, Z 0 = ∞ y al conectar
las 3 redes en serie, Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0 = 0
Red Directa
−1
1 1
Z1A 0 = +
1
X1G1 X 1T1 + X1 .L + X1G 2
−1
1 1
Z1A 0 = + = j0,058
1
j0,09 j0,05 + j0,02 + j0,09
Red Inversa : Z1A = Z 2 A
1,1 1,1
Ia1A 0 = = = − j4,3
1 Z1 + Z 2 + Z 0 j0,058 + j0,058 + j0,14
IaA 0 = 3 ⋅ Ia1A 0 = 3 ⋅ 4,3 = 12,9
1 1
100
En kA: Ia A = IaA 01 ⋅ IBaA = 12,9 ⋅
3 ⋅ 13,2
Ia A = 56,42 kA
x1 = 10% x1 = 10% x 1 = 2%
G x 2 = 8% T1 = T2 x 2 = 10% L x 2 = 2%
x = 5% x = 4% x = 5%
0 0 0
100
Corriente Base en la barra C: IbC = = 0,437 kA
3 ⋅ 132
Z 2 = X G + X T1 + XL
Z 2 = j0,1 + j0,08 + j0,02
Z 2 = j0,2
Z 0 = X T1 + XL
Z 0 = j0,04 + j0,05
Z 0 = j0,09
1,1 1,1
Ia1 = = = − j2,16
Z1 + Z 2 + Z 0 j0,22 + j0,2 + j0,09
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Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimétricos 7
1,1
Ia1 = = − j3,9
j0,09 ⋅ j0,2 V = 1,1 − ( − j3,9 ⋅ j0,22) = 0,242
j0,22 +
j0,09 + j0,2
− 0,242
Ia0 = = j2,7
− 0,242 j0,09
Ia2 = = j1,21
j0,2
Ia = Ia0 + Ia1 + Ia2 = j2,7 − j3,9 + j1,21 = 0
1 3 1
Ib = Ia0 + a 2 ⋅ Ia1 + a ⋅ Ia2 = j2,7 + − − j ⋅ ( − j3,9 ) + − + j 3 ⋅ j1,21
2 2 2
2
Ib = j2,7 + j1,95 − 3,38 − j0,605 − 1,05 = − 4,43 + j4,045
1 3 1
− − j 3 ⋅ j1,21
Ic = Ia0 + a ⋅ Ia1 + a 2 ⋅ Ia2 = j2,7 + − + j
2 2 ⋅ ( − j3,9 ) + 2 2
Ic = j2,7 + j1,95 + 3,38 − j0,605 + − 1,05 = 4,43 + j4,045
Corriente de Neutro
IN = 3,54 kA
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Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimétricos 8
Datos:
Sn = 90 MVA
Un = 14 kV
Sn = 1MVA Sn = 120 MVA
X1 = 12% Un = 2,5 kV Un = 132 / 13,2 kV
G M T2
X 2 = 8% X1 = X 2 = 20% X1 = X 2 = 5%
X 0 = 7% X 0 = 12% X 0 = 3%
XN = 9%
X1 = X 2 = 50 Ω
L
X 0 = 70 Ω
Generador:
G 14 2 100 14 2 100
X1 = j0,12 ⋅ ⋅ = j0,15 XG
2 = j0,1⋅ ⋅ = j0,12
90 (13,2) 2 90 (13,2) 2
14 2 100 14 2 100
XG
0 = j0,07 ⋅ ⋅ = j0,09 G
XN = j0,09 ⋅ ⋅ = j0,11
90 (13,2) 2 90 (13,2) 2
Motor:
X1M = X M
( 2,5 ) 2 ⋅ 100
XM
( 2,5) 2 ⋅ 100
2 = j0,2 ⋅ = j23,63 0 = j0,12 ⋅ = j14,178
1 ( 2,3) 2 1 ( 2,3) 2
Transformador 2:
X1T 2 = X T2 2 = j0,05 ⋅
(132) 2 ⋅ 100
= j0,04 X 0T 2 = j0,03 ⋅
(132) 2 ⋅ 100
= j0,025
120 (132 ) 2 120 (132) 2
Transformador 1:
Reactancias directas e inversas de la estrella equivalente:
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Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimétricos 9
(132) 2 ⋅ 100 1
Z TAB
1
= j0,08 ⋅ = j0,07 Z TA1 = ⋅ j( 0,07 + 1,875 − 0,087 ) = j0,929
115 (132) 2 2
(132 ) 2 ⋅ 100 1
T1
Z BC = j0,1⋅ = j0,087 Z BT1 = ⋅ j( 0,07 + 0,087 − 1,875 ) = − j0,859
115 (132 ) 2 2
( 2,3) 2 ⋅ 100 1
T1
Z CA = j0,15 ⋅ = j1,875 T1
ZC = ⋅ j(1,875 + 0,087 − 0,07 ) = j0,946
8 ( 2,3 ) 2 2
Red Homopolar:
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Problemas Resueltos Cortocircuitos Asimétricos 10
XA = XG + 3 ⋅ XN = j0,09 + 3 ⋅ j0,11 = j0,42
−1 −1
1 1 1 1
Z 0 = + = + = j0,33
XA Z A + XC j0,42 j0,743 + j0,72
Cortocircuito monofásico:
Sb 100
La corriente base, para la barra A, es: Ib A = = = 4,374 KA
3 ⋅ Ub A 3 ⋅ 13,2
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