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From the bottom of our heart, we at SURA Publications
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This guide has been authored and edited by qualified teachers
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1. Two Gentlemen of Verona - A.J. Cronin 1 - 20
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t9 t Foreign Words entet t t t t 247 - 250 t t
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English,
w w / Unclipped . p
Form,
w w . w .wp. w .wp. w.w
w w ww ww ww ww ww
Pattern, Modal / Semi-Modal Verbs, Prefix / Suffix, No choice 14 × 1 = 14
t t Definition of a word, Plural
t Form, Syllabification, t t t t t t
l a il.ani.ene Homophones, l a .ani.ente Tags, Phrasal Verb,
ilQuestion l a il.ani.ene l ail.ani.ene l ail.ani.ene
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Blended Word, Preposition, etc.
27 e tot 30.
t 2 Marks Each : entet t t t t t t
la il.ani.ne l a il.ani. la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
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w .wp.apda w .wp. a w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww‘If ’-Conditional Clause, Inversion
ww in Conditional ww 3 out of 4 w
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Clause, Active / Passive Voice,
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t t
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l a i
l .ani.en la i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.en l a i
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adsaas Describing saaasProcess, Checklist Preparation, a sas sas
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l l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente

adsaas Report Writing;
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For More Information - Contact
t t t t t t t t t t
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a n e
a l a il.ani.ene
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PROSE UNIT 1
t t t t t
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
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apdaada TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA w .
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sas
apdaada
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apdaada
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- A. J. Cronin
btnuhdhÉ‹ t t
i.ani.ene
e‰Fz« t t bfh©l ïUt®
i.ani.ene
t t
i.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a a l a
adsas adsas - A.adsJ.as¡nuhÅ‹ adsas adsas
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ww wwn#hr¥ ¡nuhÅ‹ (1896-1981)
M®¢á ghš£ ww °fh£yhªij nr®ªj ehtyháÇa®,
ww ww ww
ehlf MáÇa® k‰W« kU¤Jt®. ntš° k‰W« y©lÅš kU¤Jtuhf
t t t t ghâ¡f¥g£lbghGJ “Hatter’s
t Castle” v‹»w entet t t
.ani.ente
gÂah‰¿a mt® j‹ clš ey«
a l a il.ani.eneehtiy vGâdh®,
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a a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
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adad bjhÊyh¡»¡ bfh©lh®. adad “The Spanish Gardener” adad adad .wp.apda
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The narratorwand his companion drive throughww the foothills of Alps. ww ww ww
On the outskirts of Verona, they meet two shabby looking brothers Nicola and Jacopo - aged 13 and 12 respectively.
They
l a il
et wild strawberries. Narrator
.ani.entsell la i l
ot
.ani.ente and companion buy laabig il ntet of strawberries. ail.ani.entet
.ani.ebasket l l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sa s The boys are found doing as like polishing shoes, guiding
sjobs sas visitors, etc sas sas
ab
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the narrator comeswtowknow that they do not spend .wp. .
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Jacopo requests the narrator to drop them at Poleta their village, 30 kms away.
The boys
t t are dropped at a villa .which is a hospital.
entetthe sister of the boys, who tet t t t t
il.ani.ene comes to know about
alaNarrator a l ai l ani .
Lucia a l a il.ani.ensuffered from tuberculosis.
a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene
adsas asas in the war, their father, adsas adsas adsas
.wp.apda The boys’ home w was pdad
.wp.adestroyed .wp.apda a widower was also killed. .wp.apda .wp.apda
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ww Hating the Germans, ww the boys became a part wwof the resistance movement. ww ww ww
They work hard to treat their sister at the hospital.
Appreciating tet the love and responsibility t t of the brothers towards their
t t sister, the narrator remains t quiet
t to impress on them entet
l a il.ani.en
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secret. la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene lail.ani.
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a saas a saas a saas a saas a saas

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l a i
l .ani.ente l ail.ani.ente l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n
daada ïªj fijia ÉtÇ¥gt®, ada aa
p.apdad aada ada
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la i l i.ente
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l a i
l
t
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l a il
tet
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l a il.ani.ente
t
dsaas #hnfhngh (Jacopo). dsaas fijia ÉtÇ¥gtU«, sas sas sas
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tet t t t t t t t t
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n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
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ail.ani.n  Prose ➠ Unit
etet
ail.an-i.1n
2saslail.ai s asl Sura’s s asl Std  SmartsEnglish
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.wp.ap daada .wp.apda
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kdâš x‹W cŸsjhf t
T¿dh‹, Mdhš mij emt‹
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sas l ail.ani.n ÉtÇ¥gtÇl«, s#hnfhngh
fijia as l a l saas a il saasl a il.ani.n»nyhÛ£l® öu¤âš ila
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daad a (Poleta) »uhk¤â‰F¢ d ad a d ad d ad d ad
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fhiu
w.wp.p j‹ rnfhju‹ mtiu
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w.wp.p(ïªj fijia ÉtÇ¥gtiu)
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a
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il.ani.eneïUtU« xU bgÇa át¥ò¡
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t t
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t t t t t t t
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l a il.ani.ene ÉtÇ¥gt®, kU¤JtkidÆš, a l a il.ani.ene miw¡F btËna
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w .wp.apïUtU« j§fË‹ nkš w .wp.apdagÇjhg«
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.ani.entemË¡»wh®fŸ. l a il
o
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t k‰W« btW¥òfS¡F
l a il.ani.ente
t
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l a il.ani.ente
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As we
l a .entet through the foothillslaofil.an
drove
il.anion et two small boys
i.entAlps
the
l a
t t
ile.anhi.e§nfe Ÿ M šïu©L
¥ ° k i y .nim
l a
tett h u ¤ â š t h f d ¤ â
ila .eno l a
t t
il.aniš.ene
stopped
a us the outskirt of Verona.
a a
bršY«bghGJ, a
áWt®fŸ btnuhdh (Verona) aòwef®
adsas asas adsas adsas mt®fŸ fh£L °£uhbg®Çfis adsas
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ur
w w .wpstrawberries. w w w w.w
ww ww ww (gH§fŸ) É‰gid ww brŒjd®. ww ww
“Don’t buy,” warned Luigi, our cautious driver. “btnuhdh (ï¤jhÈÆš cŸs xU efu«) -Éš ït‰iw Él
“You will get fruit much better in Verona. Äf¢ áwªj gH§fis th§fyh«, ït‰iw th§fhÔ®fŸ”, vd,
tet t t ntet tet t t
la il.ani.enthese
Besides, boys.....” l a il.ani.ene v§fŸ
l a il.ani.eoiut®, ÿŒ» v¢rÇ¤jh®.
l a il.ani.en“nkY«, ïªj áWt®fŸ....”,
l a il.ani.ene
.s
as a s a
vds Mu«ã¤j mt®, jdJ as
njhŸg£ilfis ca®¤â, a
mt®fË‹s
daadsaHe shrugged his shoulders
.wp.apshabby .wp.apda
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.wp.apda mty£rzkhd w .wp.apda
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w appearance. w w w w.w
ww ww ww btË¥gL¤âdh®. ww ww ww
One boy had on a worn jersey and cut-off khaki pants; xU iga‹ b#®á Milí«, bt£l¥g£l fh¡» fhš ruhí«
w
the other a shortened army tunic gathered in loose folds about mÂªâUªjh‹. k‰wt‹, xU RU¡fkhd, t js®ªj ko¥òfSl‹,
tet Yet, gazing at the two.n t
tefigures, tet ïuhQt tmÂªâUªjh‹.
e t t
his skinny
a l .
aila n en
frame.
i .
a l aila
en
little
i. with their if
a l a . n
ïšyhj,
ila i e
.n cŸr£ilia
a l a .
ila ni e
. n mt®fË‹
a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s s s s s s
abrown
daada skins, tangled hair and adark
daadaearnest eyes, we felt ourselves adaada adaada ïUªJ, v§fis ft®ªjd. a ada
gG¥ò Ãw«, á¡fyhd Ko k‰W« ïU©l, MdhY«da C¡fkhd
w.wp.pstrangely attracted. w.wp.p w.wp.p f©fŸ M»ait, Éá¤âukhf w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww w ww w ww w ww w ww ww
w
My companion spoke to the boys, discovered that they were v‹ njhH‹ mªj áWt®fSl‹
w
ngáaâš, mt®fŸ
brothers. Nicola, the elder, was 13; Jacopo, who barely came up to rnfhju®fŸ vd bjÇªjJ. _¤jt‹ 13 taJ Ãnfhyh (Nicola),
the door handle entetof the car, was nearly 12.i.aWe bought their biggest k‰wt‹
ni.entet t t t
»£l¤j£l fh® fjÉ‹ if¥ão tiuna cauKŸs,
basket, l a i
andl.ani.then set off toward town. la l 12 l a i
l .ani.ente ïisatdhd la#hnfhngh
taJŸs il.ani.ente (Jacopo), l a
eh§fŸ il.ani.ente
sas sas sas a
daadsasTilia Éiy¡F
a
daadsas
w
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaadamt®fËlÄUªj, Äf . p.abgÇa

p . p.ath§»ndh«,
p
w w w w w w ã‹d® efu¤ij w w
w òw¥g£nlh«.
neh¡» w w w.w
ww ww ww w ww ww
Next morning, coming out of our hotel, we saw our friends mL¤j ehŸ fhiy, v§fŸ nAh£lÈš ïUªJ eh§fŸ
bent over shoeshine boxes beside the fountain in the public square, btËna tªnjh«, v§fŸ e©g®fshd (mªj rnfhju®fŸ) k¡fŸ
t
doing a briskentbusiness. t t tetcŸs Ú%‰W¡F mUnf.õ] t ni.entet
i.ente
rJ¡f¤âš ghÈZ bg£ofË‹ nkyhf
Wel a .ani. e for a few moments;lthen
ilwatched a il.ani.easnetrade slackened we FÅªJ, la il.ani.enÉWÉW¥ghf õ] ghÈZl a ilanbrŒtij¥ gh®¤njh«. l
xU a il.aáy
as a
adsas faces. a
adsas a
ss a
adsas
daadsaover.
.wp.apwent They greeted us .withp.apdafriendly .wp.apda ÃÄl§fS¡F, apdaada ftÅ¤njh«. ã‹d®,
eh§fŸpmt®fis
. . . p.apdamt®fË‹
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ww ww ww ww mt®fËl¤âš eh§fŸ
e£ò Ãiwªj Kf§fSl‹ v§fis tunt‰wd®.
br‹nwh«. mt®fŸ
ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
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sasl ail.ani.n ➠ XII Std  Smart
Sura’s s asl ail.ani.nEnglish  Low s as ail.ani.n Edition saslail.ani.n
Priced
l s asl ail3.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda jÄHh¡f« w .wp.apda w.w
ww Textual
ww Paragraphs ww ww ww ww
“I thought you picked fruit for a living,” I said.” “c§fŸ étd¤â‰fhf Ú§fŸ, gH Éahghu¤ij¤
We do many things, sir,” Nicola answered seriously. nj®ªbjL¤Ô®fŸ v‹W Ãid¤nj‹” vd eh‹ brh‹nd‹.
t t t t t
l .ani.ente “eh§fŸ
l a i
l .ani.entegy ntiyfis¢ brŒ»nwh«,l ail.ani.ente Iah” vd Ã¡nfhyh l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas as
svd¡F gâyË¤jh‹. sas sas
w w ww w
He glanced at us hopefully. “Often we show visitors w
wthrough mt‹ v§fis w
wwxU e«ã¡ifíl‹ gh®¤J, w w
“mo¡fo eh§fŸ w.w
ww ww ” wwãw ïl§fisí« ww
m
the town ... to Juliet’sw
tomb ... and other places of interest. efu¤âš cŸsw #]Èa£ fšyiwiaí« k‰W«
“All right,” I smiled. “You take us along.” R‰Wyh tUgt®fS¡F¡ fh©ã¥ngh«”, vd¡ T¿dh‹.
eet t eet t “rÇ”, etevdt eh‹ áÇ¤J, “Ú v§fis t
etemiH¤J¢ brš” v‹nw‹. etet
il.ani.n
lawe i.n
lail.anwas .ani.n
laileh§fŸ .ani.n
lailnghnj, lail.ani.
n
saaAs
s made the rounds, my interest
s
aas again provoked by s
a as R‰¿¡bfh©oU¡F« s
a as mt®fsJ F¿¥ãl¤j¡f
saas
co
adaad remarkable demeanour. a
pdad were childish enough,
.wp.aThey aad xU el¤ijahš v‹.pM®t«
p.apdin w.ap
daad Û©L« ö©l¥g£lJ. ad
.wp.apda mt®fŸ
w w.wp.ptheir w w w w and
.w
w w w w w.w
w many ways quite artless.
w Jacopo was lively as a squirrel. w Nicola’s FHªij¤ jdkhf w ïUªjd®, k‰W« gy w Éõa§fËš Äfî« ww
smile was steady and engaging. Yet in both these boyish faces there m¥ghÉfshf ïUªjd®.
was a seriousness which was far beyond their years. #hnfhngh xU mÂiy¥nghy, fyfy¥ghf ïUªjh‹.
te t which followed we saw them te t tet ni.entet taâ‰F Û¿a ÔÉu« t t
In the
l a n
il.aiweek
e
. n
l a n
il.ai.en frequently, for they Mdhš
l ail.ani.enïUtÇ‹ Kf§fËY« i.a
l a l mt®fŸ
l a il.ani.ene
proved
as extremely useful toes. as as as a s
s.
s s sïUªjJ. bjhl®ªJ tªjdathu¤âš, s mt®fis mo¡fo s eh§fŸ
adaada adaada adaada a ada adaada
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p gh®¤njh«. w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww w ww w ww w
If we wanted a pack of American cigarettes, or seats for the mt®fŸ ww w
v§fS¡F Äfî« ww w
gaDŸst®fshf ïUªjd®. ww
opera or the name of good restaurant, Nicola and Jacopo could be mbkÇ¡f áfbu£ bg£ofŸ, ïir ehlf« gh®¥gj‰fhd
ok
relied upon e to satisfy
t our needs. What struck eone
t most was their ïU¡iffŸ, tet mšyJ ešy cztf¤â‹ bga® M»at‰iw tet
willingness
a il.ani.tontework. During these summer a il.ani.entdays, under the hot eh§fŸa il.ani.enÉU«ãdhš, Ãnfhnyhî«, a i
l ntet
.ani.e#hnfhnghî« clnd v§fŸ
e
ail.ani.n
s asl s asl s asl s asl s asl
daadathey shined shoes, sold.p
sun,
.wp.aptourists
fruit, ada newspapers, conducted
.apdahawked
adanjitfis Ãiwnt‰w
.wp.apda Mdhš, všyhiuí« .wp.apvJ
da
daae«ã¡ifahdt®fshf aa
pdad ntiy
ïUªjh®fŸ.
.wp.avªj
w round the town, and
w w ran errands. w w mr¤âaJ w
v‹whš, w.w
ww ww ww brh‹dhY« w
w
mij¢ brŒa mt®fŸ jahuhf ww ïUªjh®fŸ. ww
nfhil eh£fËš, j»¡F« NÇaÅ‹ Ñœ, mt®fŸ fhyÂfis
a l a il.ani.ente
t
a l a il
o
.ani.ente
t bkUnf‰¿dh®fŸ,
a l a i
É‰wh®fŸ,l
t gH« É‰wh®fŸ,
.ani.ente R‰Wyh gaÂfis
a l a i
l .a
efu«
brŒâ¤jhŸfis¡ TÉ tet
ni.entetKGtJ« R‰¿ fh£LtJ
a l
e
ail.ani.n
s s s s s s s s s s
adaada .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
adangh‹wt‰¿š ïa§»dh®fŸ.
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w.wp.p One night, we came
ab
w w wupon them in the windy w w
and deserted
w ww w w w.w
w w xU ïuÉš w És¡FfË‹ ÑnH, fh‰WåR«
w bt¿¢nrhoa ww
square, resting on the stone pavement beneath the lights. Nicola eilghijÆš ïUªj mt®fis eh§fŸ gh®¤njh«. mJ
sat upright, tired. A bundle of unsold newspapers lay at his feet. »£l¤j£l eŸËuthf ïUªjJ. Ãnfhyh, ÃÄ®ªj ÃiyÆš,
Jacopo, hisnhead t t t was asleep. It nrh®thf tetc£fh®ªâUªjh‹. É‰f¥glhj tet t t
l
wassnearlya i.ente resting upon his brother’s
il.amidnight. l a
shoulder
il.ani.ene l
mtdJ a il.ani.enfhyoÆš ïUªjJ. l
mtdJ ail.ani.ennjhŸg£il
g¤âÇif¡ f£L
ÛJ l
rnfhju‹ail.ani.ene
adasa a
adsas a
adsas a
asas a
adsas
.p.apda .p.apda .p.apda #hnfhngh jiyia .it¤J p.apdad ö§»¡ bfh©oUªjh‹. .p.apda
ur
ww ww w ww w ww w ww w w.w
ww “Why are you out w wso late, Nicola?” ww “Ú V‹ ï›tsî w w jhkjkhf btËÆš ïU¡»whŒ, ww Ãnfhyh?” ww
“Waiting for the last bus from Padua. We shall sell all our (eh‹)
papers when tit comes in.” “gJthÉÈUªJ tU« ngUªâ‰fhf fh¤âU¡»nwh«, mJ t t
“Must
a il. n
a i. net work so hard? You both
eyou
a i
l .ani .
look
t
enterather tired.
” tªjhš
a i
l .ani . et
entv§fSila všyh a i
l . n
g¤âÇiffisí«
a i entet
. É‰WÉLnth«” a il.ani.ene
l l l l l
.s
as
adsa “We are not complaining, a
ads”a
sir. s as
adsa(Ãnfhyh) s as adsaas
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda aada
.wp.apdfodkhf .wp.apda Ú§fŸ
w w w “Ú§fŸ ï›tsîw w
ciH¡fnt©Lkh? w.w
ww ww ww ïUtU«, Äfî« wwnrh®thf cŸç®fŸ” (eh‹) ww ww
“eh§fŸ tUªjÉšiy Iah” (Ãnfhyh)
w
But next te t
morning, when I went over to t
the
e t fountain to have etet ehŸ fhiy, eh‹ v‹ tet t t
il.ani.ene
e e mL¤j efhyÂfis ghÈZ brŒa
mysa shoes
i.n I said, “Nicola, the lway
lail.anshined, .n
ail.aniyou and Jacopo work, l ail.ani.n
Ú%‰W¡F¢ br‹wnghJ,sasmt®fËl«,l ail.ani.n “Ãnfhyh, l aÚí«
as s a s s as s as
aad must earn quite a bit. You
.wp.apdyou daada nothing unclothes. You
.wp.apspend daada#hnfhnghî« brŒí«
.wp.apeat
ada
.wp.apda ntiy¡F, bfhŠr«
aa
.apdad
.wpmâfkhfnt
w w w w w w.w
ww little enough --- when wIwsee you have a meal it’s usuallywblack w bread r«ghâ¤âU¡fww nt©L«. Ú§fŸ JÂfS¡F ww brytÊ¥gnj ww
w
and figs. Tell me, what do you do with your money?” ïšiy. Ú§fŸ Fiwªj msnt c©»Ö®fŸ... Ú§fŸ c©Q«
He colored deeply under his sunburn, and then grew pale. czit eh‹ gh®¡F«nghJ, tH¡fkhf fU¥ò buh£o k‰W«
He lookednto
i et ground.
.ai.entthe i .ani.ente
t m¤â¥gHnk
i entet cŸsJ.. v‹Ål«i.abrhš,
.ani.brŒ»Ö®fŸ?” ni.entet c§fŸ gz¤ij Ú§fŸ i .ani.ente
t
sas l a l sas l a l l
v‹d
sas a l sas l a l sas l a l
w
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p apdaada Ãnfhyh, NÇa .xËÆš

. p.apdaadafhŒªJ, btË¿ ïUªjh‹. . p.apdaada mt‹
ww ww ww jiuia neh¡»dh‹. ww ww ww
“You must be saving up to emigrate to America,” I suggested. “Ú§fŸ mbkÇ¡fhî¡F Fonaw nt©L« vd nrÄ¡»Ö®fŸ
He looked at tmet sideways, spoke with an effort. nghY«”, vd eh‹ T¿nd‹. mt‹ g¡fth£oš v‹id gh®¤J¥ t
“We i . ni ene greatly like to go toi.athe
.
should ni . et But here, at ngádh‹.
entStates. i . ni entet
. i . ni entet
. t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a a l a l a la l a a l a l a a l a
adsas we have other plans.” adsas
present, adsas “eh§fŸ mbkÇ¡fh asas ÉU«ò»nwh«, Mdhš s
asaï§nf,
p.apdadâ£l§fŸ cŸsd”.w.wp.apdad
bršy
w .wp.apda “What plans?” w.wp.apda w .wp.apda j‰nghJ, v§fS¡F w .wntW w.w
ww ww ww “v‹d â£l«?”
ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .n
lail.aniXII
etet
lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.1
etet
ada
4saslail.ai s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
Std  Smart English
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p jÄHh¡f«
ada
w.wp.p w.w
ww Textual
He smiled uncomfortably. “Just plans, sir,” he answered in mt‹ r§flkhf áÇ¤jh‹. “btW« â£l§fŸjh‹ Iah”, vd
a low voice. mt‹ xU bkÈªj FuÈš gâyË¤jh‹.
t t t t t
“Well,
l ai l.ani.e”ntIesaid, “we’re leaving on lMonday.
a il.ani.ente Is there anything lail“eh§fŸ .ani.ente â§f£»Hik òw¥gL»nwh«.
l a il.ani.ente eh§fŸ brštj‰F
l a i
l .ani.ente
sasdo for you before we go?”dadsaas
I can as c§fS¡F VjhtJ brŒa
sK‹ sas nt©Lkh?”, vd eh‹dnf£nl‹. sas
. p.apdaada . p.apa . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apaada
w Nicola shook hiswhead, w
w but suddenly Jacopo said, w w w w.w
ww “Sir,” he
w w Ãnfhyh, mt‹ w jiyia FY¡»dh‹, w w
Mdhš, âObu‹W
ww ww ww
m
w
burst out, “every Sunday we make a visit to the country, to Poleta, #hnfhngh nf£lh‹, “x›bthU PhÆ‰W¡»Hikí« eh§fŸ
w
30 kilometres from here. Usually we hire bicycles. v§fŸ »uhk¤â‰F É#a« brŒ»nwh«, ï§nf ïUªJ nghnylh
But tomorrow, t t since you are so kind, t t
you might send us (»uhk«)te30t »nyhÛ£l® öu¤âš cŸsJ. t t tH¡fkhf eh§fŸ tet
in your
a l a il.ani”.ene
car. a l a il.ani.ene a l il.ani.en
ir¡»Ÿfis
a thlif¡F vL¤J¤jh‹
a l a il.ani.ene bršnth«. a lail.ani.
en
sa s s
a s sa s sa s sa s
co
ad ad ad ad ad
.p.apda .p.apda .p.apda v§fS¡fhf c§fŸwfhiu .p.apda
Mdhš Ú§fŸ v§fS¡fhf m‹ghdt®fshfapd ïU¥gjhš,
.p. a w.w
www w w ww w w ww w w w w mD¥g Koíkh?”ww w w ww
I had already told Luigi he might have the Sunday off. eh‹ V‰fdnt ÿŒ»Æl« (v‹ X£Le®) mt‹ PhÆ‰W¡
However, I answered, “I’ll drive you out myself.” »Hik ÉLKiw vL¤J¡ bfhŸsyh« vd¡ T¿ ïUªnj‹. vdnt,
t t t t t t i.ente
t vd T¿nd‹.i.ni.entet
i.ni.ene
lala i.ni.ene i.ni.ene “ehnd fhiu vL¤Ji.ntU»nw‹”,
mt®fËl«,
saasThere slala at his young brother
saaglaring
a
saaslalxU á¿a ïilntis¡F¥ã‹saaslal
a aslala
s.
dad was a pause. Nicola d a
was
d d a
d d ad Ãnfhyh j‹ d adsj«ãia
a
a a a a
.ap of troubling you, sir.” w.wp.ap ntjidíl‹ gh®¤jh‹. .p.ap a .p.ap a
w.wp.pin vexation. “We couldwnot w.wpthink ww w “Iah, eh§fŸ c§fis ww w áuk¥gL¤j w.w
ww w
“It won’t be any trouble.” w w w
nt©Lbkd Ãid¡fÉšiy”, vd¡ T¿dh‹. w ww
He bit his lip, then, in a rather put out tone, he said, “Very “mJ x‹W« áuk« ïšiy”, v‹nw‹ eh‹.
ok
well.”
etet etet mt‹ etet j‹ cj£il fo¤J¡ tet
ebfh©L, “Äfî« ešyJ”, etet
s asl ail.ani.n sasl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
v‹wh‹.
s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada aadadrove to the tiny village daada kWehŸ kâa«, .peh§fŸ aa ada
w .wp.apda The following afternoon w.wp.apdwe w .wp.apset w w.apdad kiy ÛJ mikªJŸs w .wp.apda xU á¿a w.w
ww ww
high upon the hillside. wwwould be »uhk¤â‰F¢ w
I imagined that our destinations w
br‹nwh«. eh§fŸ bršYÄl¤âš ww áy vËa ww
some humble dwellings. But, directed by Jacopo, we drew up at åLfŸ k£Lnk ïU¡f¡ TL« vd eh‹ Ãid¤âUªnj‹. Mdhš,
a large red-roofed villa, surrounded by a high stone wall. I could #hnfhngh fh£oa tÊahf eh§fŸ br‹wnghJ, X® caukhd fš
scarcely ibelieve
two l a l
t
.ani.ente my eyes and before lIacould
i
l
o t
.ani.enterecover breath my Rtuhš l a i
l ntet
.ani.eNH¥g£l xU bgÇa át¥ò¡
l a i
l
tet å£il¡ f©nl‹. v‹
.ani.enTiu l a i
l .ani.ente
t
adsaapassengers
s had leaped fromathe
dsaascar. as
adsaf©fisna v‹dhš e«gnt adsaasKoaÉšiy. eh‹ RjhÇ¡F« adsaas K‹,
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda ïu©L gaÂfS« (m©zD«, .wp.apda .wp.apda Fâ¤jd®.
ab
j«ãí«) fhÇš ïUªJ
w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww
“We shall not be long, sir. Perhaps only an hour. May be you’d
ww ww
“eh§fŸ mâfneu« vL¤J¡ bfhŸs kh£nlh« Iah, Rkh® xU
ww
like to go to the cafe in the village for a drink?” They disappeared kÂ neu¤â‰FŸ tªJÉLnth«. jh§fŸ mJtiu ïªj »uhk¤âš
beyond the ecorner t t of the wall. t t t ni.entet br‹W kiwªjd®. t t
cŸs áW cztf¤â‰F¢ br‹W VjhtJ mUªâÉ£L tuyhnk?”,
l a il.ani.ne l ail.ani.ene vd¡l a i.ente
il.anT¿É£L RtÇ‹ _iy¡F¥ l a il.aã‹dhš l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas áy ÃÄl§fS¡F¥aãwF, a
asas a
adsas
.wp.apda After a few minutes w .wp.apda I found a grilled side-entrance
I followed. .wp.apda _l¥g£l p.pdad eh‹ ã‹ bjhl®ªnj‹. p.apdaf«ãfshš
ur
w w w .
w w.w w.w
ww and, determinedly, rang wwthe bell. ww ww
g¡f EiHthÆiy¡ f©L, X®wcWâíl‹ w kÂia ww
A pleasant-looking woman with steel-rimmed spectacles mG¤âÉ£nl‹.
appeared. I blinked as I saw that she was dressed in the white m§F btŸis nriy mÂªj xU gÆ‰á bg‰w brÉÈ
uniform ofna.entrained
te t nurse. te t entet ntet ÉË«òfshš (Frame) t t
l a il.ai l a n
il.ai e
. n (nurse)
la il.ani.njh‹¿dhŸ. mtŸ mHfhf,
l a il.ani.eïU«ò l a il.ani.ene
.s
asaas asaas asa a

Mds f©zho mÂªâUªjhŸ. a
asas asaas
adad adad adad adad adad
w w.wp.p “I just brought two .wp.pboys here.”
wwsmall ww w
.p.p .p.p
ww w
“ï§F, ï¥nghJjh‹ ïU áWt®fis .wp.p
wwT£otªnj‹”, w.w
w w w
“Ah, yes.” Her face lit up; she opened the door to admit me. v‹nw‹ eh‹. w w ww
“Nicola and Jacopo. I will take you up.” “Mkh«”, vd¡ T¿a mtsJ Kf« xË®ªjJ. fjit¤
w
e te t e tet âwªJ etet mDkâ¤jhŸ. “Ãnfhyh,

v‹id etet #hnfhnghit¤ jhnd etet
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n eh‹ c§fis miH¤J
TW»Ö®fŸ,
s asl ail.ani.nbrš»nw‹”, v‹whŸ. s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada ada aada ada
w .wp.apda She led me throughwa.wpcool, .apdatiled w .wp.apda
vestibule into the hospital mtŸ xU FË®ªj,
w .wp.apdXLfisíila .wp.apda v‹id,
ghij tÊna
w w.w
ww wwhad become. At the door of awlittle
--- for hospital the villa w cubicle kU¤JtkidahŒ ww kh¿ ïUªj å£o‰FŸ wmiH¤J¢ w ww
w
br‹whŸ.
the nurse paused, put her finger to her lips, and with a smile bade xU á¿a miwÆ‹ fjtUnf Ã‹W, xU ò‹difíl‹ j‹
me look through the glass partition. cj£o‹nkš Éuiy it¤J v‹id neh¡», xU f©zho
t t t t t t t t t t
i.ni.ene i.ni.ene i.ni.ene
jL¥ãÅilna gh®¡f¢ brh‹dhŸ. i.ni.ene i.ni.ene
slalatwo boys were seateddatadsthe
adsaaThe
ala
aasl bedside of a girl of about lala
adsaas mt®fŸ ïUtU«ad20 aslala c£g£l xU bg©Â‹adsaas
lala
w
a da a a a d
a aadsataâ‰F a d
a
p
w.wp. twenty who, propped up on.w . p
ppillows, wearing a pretty w w.w
lace p. p
jacket, w.wp. p p
w.wp. gË¢br‹w w.w
ww ww gL¡ifaUnf mk®ªâUªjd®.
ww
mtŸ X® mHfhd
wwÛJ rhŒªJ, j‹ ww
was listening to theirwchatter, her eyes soft and tender.w One could #h¡bf£ mÂªâUªjhŸ, jiyaizÆ‹
see at a glance her resemblance to her brothers. A vase of wild- bk‹ikahd, fÅªj f©fSl‹ mt®fis gh®¤J¡bfh©nl,
flowers stood ton
i .
a ni enether table, beside a dish ofi.anfruit
. i enteand
. t several books. mt®fŸ
i .
a
gh®¥gj‰F,ni .
ïUtU«
entet
j«
ngRtij, nf£L¡bfh©oUªjhŸ.
rnfhju®fSldhd i .
a ni tet
enX®
. cUt x‰Wikia¡
mtis¥ t t
il.ani.ene
saaslal saaslal s
a aslal saaslal saaslafhz
adaad adaad adaad KoªjJ. fh£L ky®fŸ ad
ml§»a xU ó¡Ftis mtŸ
.wp.apda gh¤âu« k‰W« wgy
ad
pdanki#Æš
.wp.aò¤jf§fS«
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p ïUªjJ. gH§fŸww bfh©l w w.w
w w w ïUªjd. w w ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
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l s asl ail5.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww Textual
“Won’t you go in?” the nurse murmured. “Lucia will be “Ú§fŸ cŸns nghfkh£O®fsh? ÿáah c§fis¥ gh®¤jhš
pleased to see you.” k»œ¢áailthŸ”, v‹whŸ brÉÈ.
I shook
i et head and turned away.i.Inifelt
.ani.entmy .enteItcould not bear to lailk»œ¢áahd
.ani.ente
t
FL«g ÃfœÉš i .aeh‹
t
ni.entejiyÆl¡TlhJ v‹gij i .ani.ente
t
l a l l a l a l a l l a l
adsaas upon this happy familyaparty.
intrude
apIdadrew dme saBut
s at the foot of the staircase
aadaall she knew about these.pboys.
sas
apdaadacz®ªj eh‹, v‹ jiyia dsaas
apdaakW¥òl‹
sas
aada
mir¤nj‹. kho¥gofË‹
apdmtS¡F¤
w .
w p. up and begged herwto
.wp. p
tell w w . ÑnH brÉÈÆl«, w .
w p
eh‹. mªj áWt®fis .
w
g‰¿
w p. w.w
ww ww ww ww nf£nl‹. ww ww
m
bjÇªjij¡ TW«go
She was eager to do so. They were, she explained, quite alone mtS« mij¢ brhšy M®tkhf ïUªjhŸ. ïªj rnfhjÇ
in the world, te t
except for this sister, Lucia. Theirte t
father, a widower, t t jÉu, ï›îy»š .nmt®fS¡F t t t t
il.ani.ene jªij, kidÉiaalïHªj ilai.enexU ãugy ghlf®, a il.ani.ene
n en n en ÿáahit¤ ahU« ïšiy.
l a
a well-known
a il.ai. singer, had been killedalinailthe .ai. early part of the war. mt®fË‹
a l a a l
nghÇ‹a
daadsas afterward a bomb had daadsas their home and thrown adsas adsas adsas
co
w.wp.apShortly w .wp.apdestroyed w .wp.apda Mu«g¤âš mt® w .wp.apda
bfhšy¥g£lh®. .wp.apdaãwF, xU
áy fhy¤â‰F¥
w w.w
ww the three children into ww the streets. They had always wwknown a F©L mt®fsJ ww å£ilí« mÊ¤J, _‹W ww ãŸisfisí« ww
comfortable and cultured life --- Lucia had herself been training bjU¡fËš jŸËaJ. mt®fŸ ehfßfkhd, trâahd thœ¡if¡F
as a singer --- and they had suffered horribly from near starvation gH¡f¥g£lt®fŸ - xU ghl»ahf ÿáahînk, jahuh»
and exposure ttotthe cold winter. t t t t tet nkhrkhf, g£oÅ¡F«, t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l il.ani.ene
tªjhŸ-Mdhš
a m¥nghJ, mt®fŸ
a l a il.ani.enÄf a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
ada adsa adsa adsafL«FËU¡F« cŸshdh®fŸ. adsa adsa
w.wp.p w.w p.apda p.apda
w.w p.apda
.w p.apda
w.w f£l¥g£l w.w
w w For months they ww had barely kept themselves alive ww in a sort mt®fŸ w áywwkhj§fŸ, j§fŸ iffshš ww ww
of shelter they built with their own hands amidst the rubble. Then j§FÄl¤ânyna thœªjh®fŸ. ã‹d® 3 M©LfŸ, b#®khÅa®
for three years the Germans ruled the city. The boys grew to hate ïªj efu¤ij M£á brŒjd®. ïªj áWt®fŸ, tsU« bghGnj,
ok
the Germans. When
t the resistance movement tbegan secretly to etet entet etet
formasthey
l i.ente among the first to join.
ail.anwere l .ani.entethe war was over, b#®khÅa®fis
ailWhen l
ïa¡f«
btW¡f Mu«ã¤jh®fŸ.
ail.ani.n ïufáakhf¤ bjhl§»a l ail.ani.nghJ
vâ®¥ghs®fŸ
mt®fŸjh‹sKjÈš l ail.ani.n
s s as s as s as as
aadawe had peace at last, they
.wp.apdand daadaback to their beloved.sister.
.wp.apcame
aa
p.apdad nr®ªjd®. í¤j«wKotilªJ, .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
filáahf rkhjhd«
ada tªj
w And they found her w
......suffering from tuberculosis of w
the w
spine. ” w w.w
ww ww ww nghJ, mt®fŸ w
wj§fŸ rnfhjÇÆl« âU«ã wwtªjh®fŸ. mtsJ ww
o KJbfY«ãš fhr nehŒ (tuberculosis) g‰¿a ÃiyÆš mt®fŸ
mtis f©ld®.
n .entet n e
. ntet t
.ani.entee®° ïilÆš ÃW¤â,laÉiuthf
t
.ani.ente _¢R É£L¡bfh©lhŸ. .ani.ente
t
She
l a ilpaused,
.a i took a quick breath. l“Did
a il. a i they give up? I do not l a imªj
l il l a il
as answer that question. They as sas adsaas v‹w v‹ nfŸÉ¡F, saas
daadsato
aphave daadsabrought
apIn her here, persuaded
apdaada“mt®fŸ ifÉ£L É£lh®fsh”,
apdatªjh®fŸ, apdaad“mt®fŸ
ab
w .wp. us to take her into the .
hospital.
w wp . the twelve months she has
w .wp.
been mtis ï§F w .
miH¤Jwp. mtis w .wp.
kU¤JtkidÆš w.w
ww our patient she has made ww good progress. There is every wwhope that nr®¤J¡bfhŸs ww v§fis t‰òW¤âdh®fŸ. ww g‹Åu©L ww
one day she will walk -and sing - again.” khj§fŸ mtŸ v§fŸ nehahËahf ïUªJ, ešy K‹nd‰w«
t t t t milªâU¡»whŸ. t xU ehŸ mtŸetelªJbfh©nl,
i.ente e«ã¡ifí« ïU¡»wJ”, et ghLthŸ entet
a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene v‹W
a l a il.anKG a l a il.ani.nv‹W e®° T¿dhŸ.alail.ani.
adsas adsas asas “Ã¢rakhf, všyhnk adsas adsas
.wp.apda “Of course, everything .wpis.apsodadifficult now, food so scarce pdad
.wp.aand .wp.apda ï¥nghJ Äfî« fodkhf .wp.apda cŸsJ.
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww dear, we could not keep wwgoing unless we charged a fee. wwBut every czî »il¥gJ wwÄfî« mÇjhfî«, Éiy mâfkhfî« ww ïU¡»wJ, ww
week, Lucia’s brothers have made their payment.” She added simply, vdnt, f£lz« tNÈ¡fhÉ£lhš eh§fŸ brašgl KoahJ.
“I don’t know what they do, I do not ask. Work is scarce in Verona. Mdhš x›bthU thuK« ÿáahÉ‹ rnfhju®fŸ gz«
But whatever t t t t t t .ani.ente
t t t
l a il.ani.eniteis, I know they do it awell. l a il.”ani.ene la il.ani.ene
f£L»wh®fŸ. mt®fŸ v‹d ibrŒ»wh®fŸ
l a l v‹gJ vd¡F¤
l a il.ani.ene
.s
adsaas adsa s as
adsabjÇaÉšiy, ehD«adnf£gâšiy. s as btnuhdhÉš as
adsantiy
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda »il¥gJ fod«.wvJ aada ïUªjhY«, mt®fŸ
.wp.pv¥go .wp.apda vijí«,
w w w w w.w
ww ww ww áw¥ghfnt brŒ»wh®fŸ”, ww v‹W mtŸ T¿dhŸ. ww ww
“Yes,” I agreed. “They couldn’t do it better.” “M«”, v‹w eh‹, “mt®fŸ ïij Él áw¥ghf brŒa
w
t t etet .ani.ente
KoahJ”, tvd x¥ò¡bfh©nl‹.n.entet t t
a l il.ani.ene
awaited a l ail.ani.nme, and then drove saslailáWt®fŸ a l ail.ai tUtj‰F K‹ghf, a l il.ani.ene
aeh‹
s s
I outside until
daada back to the city. They.psat the boyss s
rejoined v‹Ål« s s
kWgoí« s s
.wp.apthem aada me, not speaking. For
.apdbeside daadabtËna fh¤âUªnj‹.
.wp.apmy aada mt®fis efu¤â‰F
.wp.apdã‹d®
ada
.wp.apdamiH¤J¢
w w w w w w w.w
ww ww --- I knew they would prefer wwto feel that br‹nw‹. mt®fŸ ww ngrhkš, v‹ mUnf c£fh®ªâUªjh®fŸ.
ww ww
w
part, I did not say a word v‹

they had safely kept their secret. Yet their devotion had touched g§»‰F, ehD« xU ng¢R« vL¡fÉšiy - VbdÅš, mt®fŸ
me deeply. j§fSila
. ni e
. ntet . ni e
. ntet . ni e
. ntet ïufáa¤ij ghJfh¥ghf . ni.entet it¤âU¡»nwh« v‹w .ani.ente
t
a l a i
l a a la i
l a cz®Éš
asl a i
l a ïU¡f ÉU«òth®fŸ l a i
v‹W
l a vd¡F¤ bjÇí«. mt®fË‹
l a i
l
daadsas daadsas saas a
daadsas
w
a .p.ap daadsa<LghL .p.ap

v‹id MHkhf¤ daad
bjh£lJ.
.p.ap .p.ap
w.wp.p ww ww w w c¤ntf¤ij cil¡fÉšiy.ww w.w
ww ww their spirit. Their selfless action
War had not broken ww brought ngh® mt®fË‹ww ww kÅj¤ ww
a new nobility to human life, gave promise of a greater hope for j‹ik¡F xU òâa bfsut¤ij¡ bfh©Ltªj mt®fË‹
human society. j‹dyk‰w elto¡if, kÅj rKjha¤â‰F xU bgU«
tet tet t t t t t t
a n e
i. i. n n e
i. i. n a i.ni.ene mË¤jJ.
e«ã¡ifia
ai.ni.ene i.ni.ene a a
d a
dsaaslal d a
dsaaslal d a
dsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal
aa aa aa aa aa
ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
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ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .n
lail.aniXII
etet
lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.1
etet
ada
6saslail.ai s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p w.w
ww Glossary ww ww ww ww ww
barely t - almost not (scarcely), t mÇjhd, mâfÄ‹¿ t t t

l ai l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sablinked
s - surprised‚ as
sÉaªnj‹ sas sas sas
. p.apdaada . p apdaada
. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w chatter -w w awseries of short, quick high-pitched
w w w sounds‚ flflbtd w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ntfkhŒ m®¤jÄ‹¿ ww ngRjš ww
m
cubicle - a small space with walls or curtains around it‚ rJu toÉyhd á¿a miw
demeanour - appearance and behaviour‚ el¤ij
i .ani entet
. i .ani entet
. i.ente
il.ansomeone‚
t t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l
disapproval - the feeling aof
l a l
having a negative opinion a l a
of mDkâ kW¤jš
a l a a l a
adsas daadsas adsas adsas adsas
co
w .wp.apda dwelling - places w .wp.apwhere people live‚ .wp.apda
tá¥ãl«
w w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
emigrate - take up citizenship of another country‚ FonaWjš (ntW ïl«, ehL KjÈad)
hawk t - sell things crying outt loudly, going from place to t place‚ Tîjš (C® CuhŒ t br‹W bghU£fid
te te te te t t
a l a n
il.ai e
. n TÉ É‰wš)lail.ai
a
n e
. n
a l a n
il.ai .en
a l a n
il.ai .en
a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
adsa daadsa permission‚ mDkâ adsa adsa adsa
w .wp.apda intrude - enter w .wp.apwithout w .wp.apda ï‹¿ EiHjš w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww nobility -w wthe quality of being goodwand w honest in character‚ ešy, ww ne®ikahd Fz§fŸ ww ww
opera - a musical play‚ gh£Ll‹ Toa ehlf«
ok
outskirts t t t
ni.enatetown‚ etet gFâfŸ etet etet
ail.ani.n - the outer sparts ail.aof
e e efU¡F btËÆYŸs
s asl asl s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
adarelied upon - to putatrust ada on someone or something‚ ada e«ã¡if it¤jšad(ahÇlkhtJ, ada vâyhtJ) ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w .wp.pa w .wp.apda w.w
ww rubble -w wdebris, broken bricks‚ ïoghLfŸ, ww cilªj br§fš ww KjÈad ww ww
scarce - very small in amount‚ mÇjhf, j£L¥ghL
o
shrug
.ani.e nte - raise one’s shoulders .ani.ente slightly and momentarily‚
t t t t t
l a il l a i
l l a il.ani.ente njhŸfis FY¡Fjš l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
satangled
s (n) - twisted‚damessy‚sas Óuhf ïšyhj dadsaas sas sas
apdaada apada apa apdaada apdaada
ab
.wp. tunic aw .wp .
loose outer garment without .wp. .wp. .wp. w.w
- ww ww sleeves‚ js®thdwnkyhil
w w ww w
ww ww ww
* Words given in bold in this Glossary are taken from Textbook Glossary.
t t n.entet n.entet n.entet n.entet
il.ani.ene
Words .i
aslaila i.ai .i .i
alaila (vâ®¢brhš)adsaaslaila
a
adsas
l a saSynonyms saaslal
(ïiz¢brhš) Antonyms
dadsas
.wp.apda artless adaad adaad aa d aa
ur
w w.wp.p guileless (m¥ghÉ,wtŠrfk‰w)

innocent, w.wp.p w.wp.p(tŠrfKŸs)
guileful w.wp.p w.w
ww w w w ww ww ww
beside alongside (mjdUnf) from far away (btF öu¤âš)
bought purchased (th§»ndh«) sold (É‰wh‹)
t t t t t t t t t t
brisk
la il.ani.ene quick, fast (Éiuthf,
l a il.ani.ene ntfkhf) l a il.ani.ene slow (bkJthf) l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a
adsa s s as adsaas as a s
.wp.apda cautious careful, aada(ftdkhf)
.wp.apdalert .wp.apda careless daadsa
.wp.ap(ftdÄ‹¿) .wp.apda
adsa
w w w w w w.w
ww deserted ww
uninhabited, unoccupied w(ahU« w tá¡fhj, ahU« w
winhabited / crowded (T£lkhf) ww ww
M¡»uÄ¡fhj)
w
devotiontet loyalty (ÉRthrkhf)tet disloyalty (ÉRthrk‰w)

e e etet etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n
disappeared vanished (kiwªjd®)
s as l ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n appeared (njh‹¿dh®)
s as l ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada aa ada aa ada
w .wp.apda disapprove deny,
w .apdad (kW¤jš)
.wprefuse w .wp.apda permit
w pdad
.wp.a(mDkâ¤jš) w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww c‰rhfkhf) w ww ww
w
eager anxious, enthusiastic (M®tÄ¡f, wunenthusiastic (c‰rhfÄ‹¿)

engaging charming, captivating (mH»a, tÓfÇ¡F«) boring (btW¡F«goahd)
t et ntiyfŸ) t t t
errands
l a i
l .ani.ente short work, odd
l a il.ani.ent(áy
jobs
l a il.ani.ente -
l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
w
. p.apdaadagazing looking
. p. aada (Óuhf gh®¤jš) .p.apdaada
apdsteadily . p apdaada
abhor (btW¥nghL
. gh®¤jš)
. p.apdaada
w w glaring
w
w with anger (nfhg¥ gh®it
starting
w
w gh®¤jš) ww w w w w.w
ww ww ww wobscured, concealed (gh®itia ww Éy¡fš) ww
hawked sold (É‰wh®fŸ) bought (th§»dh‹)
humbleetet modest, poor, inferior ente(ml¡fkhd,
t trâa‰w, jhœªj) t t luxury, superior (Ml«gu«, entet nk‹ikahd) entet
a lail.ani.
imagined
n
speculated,sa lsail.ani. (ô»¤nj‹)
guessed
a a la il.ani.ene unimaginedsa alsail.ani. brŒa ïayhj) saaslail.ani.
(f‰gid
s
a s asas
adaad a
.apdad permission (mDkâ pdad EiHjš)
.wp.aï‹¿ p.apdad
a adaad
w w.wp.p intrude w .wpwithout
enter w leave
w.w (btËnaWjš) w.wp.p w.w
w nobility
ww
dignity, virtue (kÇahij¡FÇa)
ww w
wdishonour (bfsutk‰w) w w ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
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Priced
l s asl ail7.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww Words ww Synonyms (ïiz¢brhš)
ww ww Antonyms (vâ®¢brhš)
ww ww
paused delayed (jhkâ¤j‹) continued (bjhl®ªjh‹)
t t t ntet it¤jš) t
l ail.ani.ente
persuaded induced (ö©od®)
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente dissuaded (ijÇa«
.ni.eïH¡f
l ail a l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
daadsas sas sas sas
. p.apdaadapropped rested a(XŒbtL¤jhŸ)
. p. p . p.apdaada . .apdaada
discourage
p . p.apdaada
w w provoked w w
aroused (»s®ªbjGªjd)www w ww w unexcited www w w.w
ww ww wunprovoked, (»s®ªbjHhkš, ww
m
gutrkilahkš)
resistancet t fighting, struggle (r©ilÆLjš / nghuh£l«) t t co-operation (x¤JiH¥ò)
.ni.ene . ni entet
. ni.ene .ni.ente
t t t
il.ani.ene
aslaila
rubble debris, broken a s
i
lal bricks (ïoghLfŸ,
a aslail.acilªj aslaila
valuable (kâ¥òÄFªj) a l a
sa sa sa adsa adsas
co
adaad br§f‰fŸ) adaad adaad .wp.apda .wp.apda
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w w w.w
w scarce w insufficient, deficient (g‰wh¡Fiw, w j£LghL) wadequate ww
(nghJkhd msî) ww
scarcely hardly (mó®tkhf, mÇjhf) abundantly (Ãiwªj)
selflessn.entet unselfish (j‹dyk‰w) t t t t selfish (Raeykhd) t t t t
a l a il.ai a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsashabby
s ill-dressedads s s royal (kâ¥ghd s s
s.
(nkhrkhd
a cil mÂjš) adsa adsa (cil) mÂjš) adaadsa
w .wp.apda slackened .wp.apda(FiwªjJ)
reduced
w w .wp.apda .wp.apda(mâfÇ¤jJ)
increased
w w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
uncomfortably uncomfortably (brsfÇaÄšyhj) comfortably (brsfÇakhf)
vestibule lobby (el¡F« tÊ) outlet (btËnaW« tÊ)
ok
e ntet etet etet etet etet
s
vexation
asl aila. ni . annoyance (tU¤j«)
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n happiness (k»œ¢á)
ada aa ada (Kiwahf ada ada
w .wp.apda wild w w .apdad without proper wcultivation
fruit.pgrown .wp.apda -
ww .p.apda ww.p.apda w.w
ww wwgÆÇlhkš, jhdhf ts®ªjit) ww ww ww ww
worn old and damaged (giHa áâykilªj)
o fresh (òâa)
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente la i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas
apdaada
sas
apdaada
extualT sas uestions
apdaada
Q sas
apdaada
sas
apdaada
ab
w.wp. .wp. .
w p. .
wp. .
w p. w.w
ww ww w
wwor two sentences eachwbased ww w
ww of the story. ww
1. Answer the wfollowing questions in one on your understanding
a. Who did the narrator meet at the outskirts of Verona?
entet t
i.ente selling wild strawberries entet entet t t
il.ani.ene
lail.ani. The narrator met two
lail.anboys lail.ani. at the outskirts of Verona.
lail.ani. l a
d adsaasa d adsaasaoutskirts - CU¡F btËnad adsaasa d adsaasa a
adsas
a a selling - É‰gid,
a a a a a a .wp.apda
ur
p
w.w .p w.wp. p p
w.w . p p
w.w . p w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
b. Why did the driver not approve of the narrator buying fruits from the boys?
tThe two boys had a shabby
enteapprove tet appearance. They were wearing old and worn-outt clothes.
entet enet
So, the driver didt t
i. ni.
not of the narrator
i . ni enbuying
. fruits from the .
boys.
i ni . i . ni . .ni.ene
asla l a asla l a asla l a asla l a aslaila
.s
adsa d asa asa asa adsa

w .wp.apda w .apdad - mÂªJ, approve.wp-.ax¥òjš
.wp.apda- má§fkhd njh‰w«,.wpwearing
shabby appearance
w pdad w w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
c. The boys did not spend much on clothes and food. Why?
w
tThey had to save money fort medical treatment of etheir t sister. So, they did not spend
t much on clothes and etet
l a i
l .ani.nte l a i
l .ani.ente l ail.ani.n
s
ada as food. medical treatment
s
ada as - kU¤Jt bryî, spend s
ada-as
brytÊ¤jš s
ada as s
ada as
ada ada ada ada ada
ww w w w
d. Were the boys saving money to go to the States? How do you know? ww ww
w
w w w
No, they were not saving money to go to the states. They told the narrator that they would like to go to
i.ai
the
n.enteStates,
t
i.ai n.enteplans.
but they had other t
.i n.entet n.entet n.entet
i.ai i.ai
saaslal saving - nrÄ¤jš, saaslal - ÉtÇ¥gt®, plans
narrator aslaila saaslal saaslal
w
dad dad da-sa

d â£l§fŸ d a
d d a
d
aa .p.apa .p.apa aa aa
w.wp.p ww w ww w w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww w w
e. Why did the author avoid going to Lucia’s room? ww ww (QY. 19) ww
The author avoided going to Lucia’s room because he did not want to intrude into the privacy of the
t t t t t tet t t
l a i.ente
il.anbrothers and sister. avoided
l a il.ani.en- ejÉ®¤jh®, intrude -amDkâ
la il.ani.eneï‹¿ EiHjš, privacy l a il.ani-.enjÅik l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas a a a
.wp.apda f. What was Lucia daadsas
.wp.apsuffering .wp.apda
adsas
.wp.apda
adsas
.wp.apda
adsas
w w from? w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Lucia was suffering from Tuberculosis of the spine. suffer - J‹g¥gLjš, Tuberculosis - fhrnehŒ
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.1n
ada
a sl s asl
.wp.apda g. What madewthe daada
.wp.apboys
aa
.apdad
.wpmovement .wp.apda
ada ada
.wp.apda (PTA-3)
w join the resistance
w against the Germans?
w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
The boys joined the resistance movement against the Germans because they hated the Germans as they
destroyed their family. resistance
. ni e
. ntet . ni e
. ntet - vâ®¤jš, hated - .btW¤jš,
n i e
. ntet destroyed - mÊ¤jd® t
.ani.ente .ani.ente
t
l ail a l a i
l a l a i
l a l ail l a i
l
sah.
s What made the boys saswork so hard? sas sas sas
w w w
ww worked so hard to pay
Thewboys w w w
wwand food. w w w.w
ww wwfor their sister’s medical w bills ww ww
m
worked - ntiy brŒjš, hard - fodkhd
.entet didn’t the boys disclose

i. lail.aniWhy l a
t t
il.ani.enetheir problem to athe l a ni.entet
il.aauthor? l a
t t
il.ani.ene l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsas as
adsadisclose adsas a
asas a
adsas
co
w.wp.apda w p.apdanot
The boys .w
did
w .wp.apdato the author, as they
their problems
w p.apdadlike to be sympathised.
.didn’t
w w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww - btË¥gL¤Jjš, sympathised
disclose ww - mDjhg« ww ww ww
2. Answer entetthe following questions entetin three or four sentences entet each. t t t t
l a i
l .
a ni . l a i
l .
an i. l a i
l .
a ni . l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
adsaa. Describe the appearance
as a s of Nicola and Jacopo. as as (PTA-1 & 6;adSep. a
sa 2020)
s
s.
adsa adsa asa
w .wp.apda The elder
w .apdawas
.wpboy wearing an oldw .wp.apda Jersey and cut-off
damaged w .apdad pants. The other boy
.wpKhaki w pda
.wp.awas slim and w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
was wearing a shortened army tunic gathered in loose folds. Both of them had uncombed hair and brown skin.
Nicola, the elder, was 13 years old and Jacopo was 12 years old .
ok
entet etet etet etet etet
s asl . n
ailai.appearance - njh‰w«,adamaged
s sl ail.ani.n - nrjkilªj, uncombed s asl ail.ani.n- jiy thuhj s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada aa ada ada aada
w .wp.apda b. What were w pdad jobs undertaken
.wp.avarious
the w .apdathe
.wpby little boys? w .wp.apda (Govt. .wp.apdMarch
MQP;
w 2020) w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
During the summer days, the little boys shined shoes, sold fruits and hawked newspapers. They conducted
tourists
tet round the town and tet errands. summer days
ran
l a i
l .
a ni e
. n
l a i
l .
a ni e
.
o
n
l a i
l .
a ni e
. nt-enfhil
t eh£fŸ, errands -tášyiw
l a il.ani e
.n et
ntiyfŸ
l a il.ani.ente
t
sac.
s How did the narrator sashelp the boys on Sunday? sas sas sa(HY.
s 19)
ab
.wp. .wp . .wp. .wp . .wp. w.w
ww
w Whenwwthe boys requested the narrator
w
ww
w to drive them to a village,
ww
w he readily agreed andwdrove
w
w them to the
ww
tiny village ‘Poleta’ set high upon the hillside. He also waited for the boys to rejoin them and then drove them
back to the city. tiny village - tá¿a »uhk«, waited - fh¤âUªjh®, rejoin - Û©L« ïiztj‰fhd
i .
a ni entet
. i .
a ni enet
. i .
a ni entet
. il.ani.ene
t t t t
il.ani.ene
l a l l a l l a l l a l a
adsad.
as Who took the author s sto the cubicle?
apdaada
a a
ss
apdaada
a
ss
apdaada
ss
apdaada
a
.wp.apda
ur
. p .
A pleasant-looking . p.
woman, withwsteel-rimmed spectacles, w . p . . p. w.w
w was dressed in the whitewuniform of a trained
w w w w w w w w w
ww ww w w ww
nurse. She took the author to the cubicle.
spectacles - _¡F¡ f©zho, cubicle - rJu toÉyhd áW miw
t t t t t t t t t t
la il.ai ne
n e
. l a il.ani.ene la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a
adsae.
s Describe the girl with
a
asa swhom the boys were talking
s as to in the cubicle? a
adsas asaas
.wp.apda .apdadsister, was a youngwgirl
.wpboys’ aada
.wp.apdof .wp.apdaa pretty lace jacket and pdadlistening
.wp.awas
w Lucia, the
w twenty. She was wearing
w w w.w
ww ww ww ww
to her brothers’ chatter. Her eyes were soft and tender. She had a resemblance to her brothers, who took good
ww ww
care of her. pretty lace jacket - mHfhd rÇif #h¡bf£, listening - nf£L¡ bfh©L, resemblance - x¤J¥ nghFjš
w
f.
l .entet
ail.aniRecount the untoldssufferings
l
etet
ail.ani.n undergone by the l asiblings
t t
il.ani.ene after they werearendered
l
etet
ail.ani.n homeless. l
etet
ail.ani.n
s
ada as a
aas s
ada as s
ada s s
aa as
w .wp.apda After the
w .apdad were rendered w
.wpsiblings .wp.apda they suffered horribly
homeless, w .wp.apda from near starvation w .apdadexposure
.wpand w.w
ww wwwinter. For months, they wwlived in the shelter madewof w w ww
w
to the cold broken building walls w and bricks. The boys

hated the Germans and stood against them as rebels. After the war, they got back to their sister and found her
i.ai nsuffering
.entet from tuberculosisn.eof
i.ai ntethe
t spine. n.entet
i.ai n.entet
i.ai n.entet
i.ai
saaslal siblings - cl‹ãw¥òfŸ,saaslal suffered horribly - fLikahf
saaslal ghâ¡f¥g£l, starvationsaasla-l g£oÅ saaslal
w
aadad aadad d
aaad d a
d d a
d
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p .wp.apa aa
w.wp.p w.w
ww ww did not utter a word
g. The narrator wwand preferred to keep w wwsecret
the ww Substantiate the
to himself. Why? ww
statement with reference to the story.
i.ente The narrator had understood t t their character well t to have sympathised.
i.enand
tet he knew they wouldn’t telike
t t t
a l a il.anTherefore he did not a l a il.ani.enethe boys and keptathe
confront la il.ansecret to himself. Their
a l a il.ani.enand
spirit selfless action a il.ani.ene
brought
a l
ss ss ss ss ss
adaada a new nobility adaada adaada adaada adaada
w.wp.p w.wpto.phuman life. w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww w ww w ww w ww w
understood - òÇªJ bfh©lh®, sympathised - mDjhg« bfhŸSjš, confront - vâ®bfhŸs, secret - ïufáa
ww w ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

Priced
l s asl ail9.ani.n
.wp.apdaada ada
.wp.apda in a paragraph ofw100-150
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w 3. Answer the following
w words each. w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
a. What was the driving force that made the boys do various jobs?
.ani.ente When the boys andlatheir .ani.entesister were renderedlahomeless.ani.ente in the war, they lsuffered .ani.ente horribly from starvation
t t t t t
l ai l il il a il l a il.ani.ente
sas and exposure to cold swinter.
as The boys found that saastheir sister was suffering sfrom
as tuberculosis of the spine. a They
daadsasto pay
. p.apdaada took her to a . p.apdaada and persuaded the.wpstaff
hospital apdaadto
. take her into the apdaadaand look after her..w
hospital
. p. In
p aporder
.
w w w w w w w w w.w
ww ww medicines and a comfortable ww ww ww sell fruits, hawk ww
m
for her food, life, they had to do various jobs like shine shoes,
newspapers, conduct tourists round the town and run errands. Despite facing so many problems in their early
life, tthe boys did not lose nhope. t The brothers’ positive approach
t t and determination t t to get their sister cured t t
a i.ente
il.anhad a i.ente
il.her
a a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene
a
asas
l helped the staff treat
a
asas
l well. asasa l
asasa l a
asas
l
co
adad apdad apdad apdad apdad
w w.wp.p w.wp.
horribly -wfLikahf, .p.
ww w
persuaded - t‰òW¤âdh®, .p. .p.
ww-wtrâahd thœ¡if,wpositive
comfortable life ww w approach - w.w
w w w
ne®kiw mQFKiw, determination - cWâ
w ww
b. How was the family affectedteby the war?

i .ani entet
. i .ani. en t il.ani.entet ntet
il.ani.esinger i.ente
il.anthe
t
a sl a l The siblings’ mother
as l a l
died early in their life. Their
asl a father, who was a well-known
asl a became a victimasl a
of
s.
adsa asa s
aada home got destroyed. daadsa had always known.pa.apcomfortable
daadsa
w .wp.apda early war. The w .apdad became homeless,
.wpchildren w .apdtheir
.wpas w .wp.apThey w w w.w
ww ww life. But after they were
and cultured ww rendered homeless, they wwhad suffered a lot fromwnear w starvation and ww
exposure to the cold winter. For months, they had barely kept themselves alive in a sort of shelter, they built
ok
with t their own hands amidst the broken bricks. The boys hated the Germans, as they were responsible for the
i i.ente of their happy family.
.anruin i .entet
.aniThey i .ani.entet i .ani.entet il.ani.ene
t t
s asl a l sa sl a l stood against them
s asl a las rebels. After the war,
s awhen
sl a l they got back to their
s aslasister,
adaada aa
.apdad da spine. It was another
aofdaathe adaada adaada
w.wp.p they found her w.wpsuffering from tuberculosis w.wp.p w.wp.pshock to those poor kids. w.wp.p w.w
ww w ww w ww w ww w ww w
comfortable - trâahf, cultured life - ehfÇf thœ¡if, shelter - j§FÄl«, poor kids - ViH FHªijfŸ
ww
l a
c.
i
l
Write
.ani.ente
t a character sketch of
la i
l
Nicola
.ani.ente
o
t and Jacopo.
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t (PTA-4)
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas sas Character sSketch
as of Nicola and Jacoposas sas
ab
w.wp. .
w p. .
w p. .
wp. .
w p. w.w
ww ww gentlemen’ of Veronaware
Thew‘Two wwthe boys in the story, w ww and Jacopo’. Nicola,waged
‘Nicolo ww 13 is the elder ww
brother of Jacopo aged 12. Both the siblings are very sincere and self-sacrificing. They are prepared to do any
workt for helping their sister Lucia to recover from tuberculosis. They live a hard life and do all sorts of odd jobs. t
ente from shining shoes, tet tet tet t
a l a i
l .
anRight
i .
a l ail.
a ni eselling
. n fruits, distributing
a l a i
l .
a ni enewspapers,
. n to working
a l ail.as
ani entourist
. guides and running
a l ail.ani.ene
adsas their errands, they adsaslook contented andamaintain asas their self-respect.adThey asas asas
.wp.apda p.apdastill p.pdad p.pad don’t have the intention p.apdadof talking
ur
w about their w .
w w .
w w .
w w .
w w.w
ww wwfamily problem to anyone wwand want to keep it a secret. ww During the war period, wwthey started hating ww
the Germans and also joined the resistance movement for their country’s freedom.
i.ani.esincere
ntet
nghLtJ,
and self-sacrificing - c©ikahd
contended - i
Ãiwîl‹,.
a ni .
k‰W« Ra âahf
entet self-respect - RakÇahij.i .
a ni . tkd¥gh‹ik, shining n
enteresistance - vâ®¥ò, i .
country’s
a
shoes
i . t- fhyÂfS¡F ghÈZ
entefreedom - eh£o‹ Rjªâu«
t t
il.ani.ene
la l l a l la l l a l l a
.s
a
adsa s adsaas a
asa s a
asas a
adsa s
w .wp.apda d. What message w .wp.aispdaconveyed through the w .apdad‘Two Gentlemen of
.wpstory w .apdad
.wpVerona’? w .wp.apda (HY. 19) w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
The story ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’ promises hope for the society. The boys Nicola and Jacopo were
w
devoted
tet and sincere towards t cause of their sister’snailment.
tthe tet They were self-sacrificing, tet despite the harshness
en en e en e n etet
s asl ailafaced by them. Thissapproach
.ni .
asl .
aila ni. of theirs towardsalife
s sl ailashows positivity andsanobility.
. i .
sl aila Despite all the negativity
. ni .
s asl ail.ani.n
ada daadahatred, jealousy, rivalry ada aa apdaada still
w .wp.apda w .wp.apwar,
in the world like
w .wp.apda and selfishness, the w
boys’
p.apdadattitude indicated that
.w w .wp.goodness w.w
ww persistedwinw some souls. It conveys the wwmessage that there is scope wwfor the world, for all of us, wwto become a better ww
w
place one day.

promises - th¡FWâfŸ, hope - te«ã¡if, devoted - m®¥gÂ¥òl‹, ailment - nehŒ, approach t- mQFKiw, positivityn-.entet
i
l ntet
.ani.ee‹ikahŒ i
negativity
l
t
.ani.ene - vâ®kiw, war - ngh®, i
l .anhatred
t
i.ente - btW¥ò, jealously l-abghwhikíl‹,
i
l.ani.ente i.ai
rivalry - ngh£o,
a a a saaslal
l v©Qjš, l l
saas saas saas saas
w
aadad selfishness dad dad d a

d d a
d
w.wp.p
-
.p.apa
Raey«
.p.apa .p.apa .p.apa w.w
ww w ww w w ww w w ww w w ww w ww
e. Justify the title of the story ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’. (Govt. MQP; PTA-2; QY. 19)
A.J. Cronin had used the title ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’ in an ironic manner. At a very young age,
t t t t t t t
l a i.enteboys faced the hardships
il.anthe l a il.ani.eneof life - their mother la il.ani.eneearly in their life, their
died
l a i.ente became a victimlaofil.anthe
il.anfather i.ente
a
adsas early war, their village a
ss as as a
.wp.apda aada suffered due to German
.wp.apdfamily
occupation,
daadsa
.wp.apThey
their homedagot asadestroyed,
p.ap d from Tuberculosis
.wsuffering daadsas and
suffered starvation
.wp.apof
w cold winter.wThe struggled for life.
w found their sister
w w the spine. w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
It was another shock to those poor kids. Despite facing so many problems in their early, they did not lose hope.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.1n
10saslail.ai
ada s
aa asl Sura’s s asl Std  SmartsEnglish asl s asl
.wp.apda .apdad and determination
.wpapproach aada
.wp.apdmanaged .wtheir
aa
p.apdadsister, the best theywcould.
ada
.wp.apda They did
w Their positive
w w them to give
w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
various jobs, but lived a poor life to save money for their sister’s treatment and food. They never tried to take
anyone’s sympathy. Hence these two young boys have every quality of being called ‘The Gentlemen of Verona’.
ail ntet manner - Ku©ghlhf,
.ani.eironic a i
l
tet
.ani.enhardships - fZl§fŸ, lvictima i
l
t
.ani.en-teghâ¡f¥g£l, struggled ail .entet
.a-ninghuhoaJ, poor life - gÇjhg
a i
l .ani.ente
t
sasl sasl sas sasl sasl
thœ¡if, sympathy
. p.apdaada . p.apdaad-afUiz, . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w w w w w ww w w w w.w
ww f. Adversity wwbrings out the best as well wwas the worst in people.wElucidate this statement with ww reference to the ww
m
story.
t t‘Adversity brings out.nthe t best
t as well as the worstnin t people’
t This is displayed int the
t story ‘Two Gentlemen t t
l a il.ani.ene l ailai.ene l a il.ai.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
adsas of Verona’. The bitter
a as indomitable struggle
adsaand asaofs Nicola and Jacopo,aamidst
a s s the ravages of war, takes
a asaon
as epic
aada in the power of the
co
w.wp.apda proportions. w p.apdatwo
The
.w young boys depict w .apdadmaturity, wisdomwand
.wpgreat .wp.pdfaith w .apdad spirit.
.wphuman w.w
ww ww nature of the two boys
The die-hard wwchanges the nature of people ww around them with their ww vibrant spark of ww
humanity. Their dignity and perseverance show their extreme faith in their own ability to cater to their sister’s
medicalt treatment. So thenrelentless t struggle of the two t boys
t offers a wide colourful t tview of love, tenderness, t t
a i.ente
il.anwisdom a i.ente
il.aeven ail.ani.eneto crush. a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene
asl and trust, which
asl a catastrophic war
as l failed asl asl
s.
adadasa asa
apdad asa
apdad asa
apdad asa
apdad
w w.wp.p Adversity w -w .wp.
JuâZlÃiy, .wp.
indomitable w-wgÂait¡f ïayhj, ravages .p.
ww w- mÊîfŸ, proportions
.wp.
w-wÉ»jh¢rhu¤âš, w.w
w w w w w
maturity - Kâ®¢á, wisdom - Phd«, dignity - f©Âa«, perseverance - ÉlhKa‰á, medical treatment - kU¤Jt á»¢ir, ww
relentless - ïu¡fk‰w, tenderness - bk‹ik, wisdom - Phd«, catastrophic - nguÊî
ok
g.
l .entet character do you
ail.aniWhich l ail.like
tet
ani.enthe most in the story l ailand
t
.ani.entewhy? l
etet
ail.ani.n l
etet
ail.ani.n
s
ada as s
aaas s
aa as saas s
ada as
.wp.apda I like the p.apdad of the two boys,
characters
.w .apdad and Jacopo’ the most,
.wp‘Nicolo aadthey
.wp.apdas .wp.apda and self-
were devoted,wsincere
w w w w w.w
ww sacrificing,ww despite the harshness faced ww by them. Although the wwboys were childish, simple wwand natural, there ww
was a grave seriousness on their faces. This was indicative of the rude and harsh life, which they had faced at
o
such t an early age. As they nhad lost their parents and home, t and their sister was battling t an ailment, the young
l a i
l i.ente were serious towards
.anboys la i
l .entetThey had lost theirlachildhood.
.ailife. i
l .ani.ente Despite all the l a i .ani.ente in the world like
negativity
l l a i
l .ani.ente
war,
t
sas adsaas and selfishness, the saas adsaasgoodness still persisted sas
apdaada hatred, jealousy, apdarivalry apdaadboys’ attitude indicated apda
that apdaadain some
ab
w.wp. .
w p. .
w p. .
wp. .
w p. w.w
ww souls. It w wwconveys us that there iswscope
also ww for the world to become w
ww a better place one day.ww
w
ww
self-sacrificing - Ra âahf«, harshness - fLik, grave seriousness - fLikahd ÔÉu«, jealousy - bghwhik, rivalry - ngh£o,
goodness
etet - e‰Fz« etet etet etet etet
n n n n n
saaslail.ani. s
a aslail.ani. saaslail.ani. saaslail.ani. saaslail.ani.
ur
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.pocabulary ww.wp.p

V w w.wp.p w.w
w w w w w ww
a. Read the following words taken from the story. Givet two Synonyms and one Antonym for each oft t
. ni.entet . ni entet
. . ni enet
. . ni entet
. il.ani.ene
these
la i
l a words. Use a dictionary,
l a i
l a if required. la i
l a l a i
l a l a
.s
a
adsa s s as a
adsa s a
adsas a
adsa s
.wp.apda apdaada
.wp.Answers .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda
w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Words Synonyms Antonym
w
cautious t careful, alert etet carelessentet etet etet

i .ani.ente ail.ani.n .ni. ail.ani.n ail.ani.n
s asl a l
ada disapprove deny,
s asl
ada refuse ad aslaila
permit
s
a s
ada asl s
ada asl
w.wp.p slow w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww brisk ww fast, quick ww ww ww ww
w
engaging charming, captivating boring

t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente
humble poor, a
l l.ani.ente
inferior
i superior
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas enthusiastic saas sas sas
w
. p.apdaada eager . p. aada

apdanxious, . p.apdaadunenthusiastic . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww resistance ww fighting, struggle ww co-operation ww ww ww
persuade prompt, induce discourage
t t .ni.ente
t
.ni.ente
t t t t t
il.ani.ene
alascarce insufficient,
alaila deficient adequate
alaila a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas ss
aada virtue adsas adsas adsas
w .wp.apda nobility w .wp.apddignity, w .wp.apda dishonour w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
etet etet etet etet t t

il.ani.ene
Sura’s s asl ail.ani.nEnglish  Low s asl ail.ani.n Edition saslail.ani.n
Priced s asl a11
.wp.apdaada aa
pdad
.wp.aConfusables. .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w b. Homophones and
w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
(i) Given below is a list of common confusables. Distinguish the meaning of each pair of words by framing your own
sentences.
l ai l.ani .entet 1. They decidedlatoil.anemigrate
(a) i.ente
t
to the U.S. to live l ain
il .entet York.
.aniNew l a il.ani.ente
t
l a il.ani.ente
t
sas saas sas sas sas
. p.apdaada 2. Mypuncle
. .apdaadimmigrate to Australiapin
. . aada
apd1985. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww (b) 1. wwThe park is beside the lake. ww ww ww ww
m
2. Besides being a doctor, he is an orator.
t t A judicial matter ntet take months for theacourts t t t t t t
a l a il.ani(c) 1.
.ene
a l a il.ani.emay a l il.ani.eneto decide on. a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas 2. Through ajudicious
sas use of persuasion, aIsconvinced
as my family to move asatos New Delhi. asas
co
w .wp.apda w . wp.apdad w .wp.apdad w .wp.apdad w .wp.apdad w.w
ww (d) 1. wwAll electors are eligible tow the
w assembly. ww ww ww
2. This writing is illegible.
(e) 1. The boy’s conscience made him to admit the truth.
i . ni .entet i . ni.entet il.anstill
t
i.enteconscious. t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a sl a l a 2. When the ambulance
asl a l a arrived, the patientaswas l a asl a asl a
s.
w .wp.apda (f) 1. Kolkata
w .wp.apdais an industrial city. w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww
w
2. w Are you an industrious student? ww ww ww ww
(g) 1. Eminent personalities attended the party hosted by the Minister.
ok
etet i.ente
t etet etet etet
s asl ail.ani .n 2. Our victory s a
was
sl ail.animminent in the final match.
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada (h) 1. Ravi’sapuncle ada was involved in illicit aactivities. ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp. da w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww 2. wwThe comedian hoped his jokes ww would elicit a great deal w ofwlaughter from the audience.ww ww
(i) 1. The doctor prescribed three months of physical therapy for my leg injury.
o
t 2. Strikes remain proscribed t in the armed forces. etet t t
l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.n l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sas (j) 1. The bad weather
a will affect the crops.asaas sas sas
apdaada daadsas
apfeel apdadin the next twenty minutes. apdaada apdaada
ab
w .wp. 2. w .wp
You’ll. the effect of the p
medication
w .w . w .wp. w .wp. w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
(k) 1. My friend has an aural impairment and so she uses a hearing aid.
2. An oral agreement is legal in some places.
l a n .entet 1. The child waslaborn
il.ai(l)
t t
il.ani.eneat dawn. l a
t t
il.ani.ene l ail.ani.ene
t t
l ail.ani.ene
t t
a
adsas asasa asasa a
adsas a
adsas
.p.apda .apdadis not borne out by any.ptrue
2. His.pstory .apdadincidences. .p.apda .p.apda
ur
ww ww ww ww ww w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable Homophones or Confusables.
Ans: (a) wallet valet (h) hoard horde
i . ni.entet i . ni entet
. i .ani.ente
t t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
la l a (b) fairy faery
l a l a (i) desert l a ldessert l a l a
.s
a
adsa s adsaas as
adsa knight adsaas a
adsa s
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda meddle
(c) medal .wp.apda
(j) night
w w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww
(d) wait weight ww(k) sweet suite ww ww ww
(e) yoke yolk (l) plain plane
w
etet (f) grown groan etet (m) might mite etet etet etet
asl ail.ani.n asl ail.ani.n asl ail.ani.n asl ail.ani.n asl ail.ani.n
dadas (g) earn dada syearn (n) quitedada quiet
s dadas s
ada
aa
w.wp.p .p.apa .p.apa .p.apa .wp.apda w.w
ww ww w ww w ww w ww
w
ww
w
w w w
c. Give the meanings of the following Phrasal Verbs and frame sentences using them.
Answers
t t t t t
l a i .ani.enteVerb
Phrasal
l Meaning
la i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente Sentence l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas a
daadsas sas
w
. p.apdaada cut-off to . .apdaada

remove
p The . apdaada wire is cut-off in this
telephone
p . . p.aphouse. . p.apdaada
w w ww w w w ww w w w w.w
ww come upon w to meet unexpectedly wwI came upon an old friend w in the street today. ww ww
put out stop or extinguish It took three hours to put out the fire.
ntet
il.ani.eup
t t
il.ani.ene etet
il.ani.n to draw up plans foratheir .n home. etet t t
il.ani.ene
a draw
l a to arrange inaorder
l a Together, they
alabegan lail.anifirst a l a
adsas adsas asas asas adsas
w .wp.apda pass out .wp.apda
to distribute
w w .apdadout copies of the agenda.
.wppass
We’ll .wp.apda
d
.wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww
wwThe plane will take off in awminute. ww
w
ww
take off depart from the ground
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .n
lail.aniXII
etet
lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.1
etet
ada
12saslail.ai s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p w.w
ww Phrasal Verbww Meaning ww wwSentence ww ww
turn away reject Hard times are forcing community colleges to turn away students.
standeby t to support an idea or person
t I’ll stand by you whatever t happens. t t
l ail.ani.nte l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sasbank on to dependadonsas You can bank sas on him to get the job done saquickly.
s sas
. p.apdaada . p.apda a . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w ww w w w w w w w w.w
ww wwsuffixes. ww ww ww
m
d. Read the list w of words formed by adding
frequently satisfaction willingness comfortable resemblance nobility
Form
entetderivatives from eachi.aof
il.ani.two
tet
ni.enthe following words by adding
t t
il.ani.enePrefixes and Suffixes.
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a a l a l a l a a l a a l a
adsas asas adsas asas adsas
co
w.wp.apda Ans: Word w.w p.apdadPrefix Suffix
w .wp.apda Word w.w p.apdadPrefix .wp.apda
Suffix
w w.w
ww ww
patient impatient
wwpatiently fertile
ww infertile fertility
ww ww
honour dishonour honourable different indifferent difference
te t disrespecti.ani.entetrespectable ni.entet befriend i.ani.entet friendship t t
a l a n e
il.ai respect
. n
a l a l a l ail.afriend a l a l a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
s daadsa managementadaadsa s obedience adaadsa
adaada manage amismanage obey disobey
adaada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Listening
ok
t t
.ene following sentences. t t
ee eet t t t
ee t t
ee
Complete
s as l ail.anithe s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
.wp.ap daadaThe announcement was
a) aada by the Department .of
.wp.apdmade
aa
pdad
p.a________. .wp.apda
ada [Ans: Disaster aa
pdad
.wp.aManagement]
w w w w w w w.w
ww b) Widespread heavy ww rains are expected from the wwearly hours of ________. ww ww [Ans: Sunday] ww
c) The public is asked to find out the locations of ________. o [Ans: the closest flood shelters]
d) An emergency t kit should contain water tbottles, biscuit packets and teat________. t t
l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.en[Ans: torch light, medicall a i
l .ani.ente and a whistle forlahelp]
supplies, i
l .ani.ente
as dsaas sas sas saas
ap daadsaA
e) list of ________ apdaabe
should displayed on the wall. apdaada apdaada[Ans: emergency telephoneapdaadnumbers]
ab
w .wp. w .wp. w .
w p. w .wp. .wp. w.w
ww ww can be secured by keeping ww them in a ________ case. ww w ww ww
f) Important documents [Ans: waterproof case]
g) Damage to refrigerators can be avoided by _____. [Ans: emptying them and leaving their doors open]
t t t t t t et t t
h) Mobile
l a n
il.ai. en e
phones should be charged
l a
to
n
il.ai. en e
enable the marooned to
l a
contact
n
il.ai. en e their friends, relatives iand
l a l.ani.ent________.
l ail.ani.ene
a
adsas ssa a
ss ssa [Ans: emergency a
sservices]
s
.wp.api) da ________ should be apdaada apdaada apdaada apdaada
ur
.wp. . p. . p. . p. w.w
ww [Ans: sand bags]
w w w
ww placed in the toilet bowls wwto prevent sewage inflow. ww
w w w w w
ww ww
j) Listen to the ________and follow the instructions implicitly. [Ans: periodic news updates]
t t t t t t t t t t
la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene peaking
la il.ani.ene
S l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a s a s a s as a s
.wp.apdaadsa .
asa
p.apdad .
asa
p.apdad .
asa
p.apdad .
asa
p.apdad
Task 1 : On the w w
occasion of World Environment w Day, you have been w w w.w
wwasked to deliver a speech ww during morning
w w w w w
ww w ww ww
assembly on the importance of tree planting. Write the speech in about 100 – 150 words.
w
 Introduction
l .entetSuggested value points
ail.ani l
etet etet
ail.ani.n: Pollution controlsa-slMedicine
ail.ani.n - Necessary for
etet etet
ail.ani.n - Cause rainfall saslail.ani.n
wildlife
l
s as s as s as
daada

.wp.ap  Conclusion .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w w w w w w.w
ww ww w ww ww ww
w
Thewimportance of tree planting

Good Morning, Dear friends! I, S. Neha of XII ‘B’ twould like to deliver a short speech on the topic t
e ntet e ntet e nte entet ete
asl i
ala. n‘The
i . importance of Tree
asl i.
ala planting’
ni . . Trees are an
asl important
i
ala . ni . part of every
asl community.
i .
a la ni.
asail.ani.n
Our streets, lparks,
w
s s s s s
adaada playgrounds and ada
.apdabackyards
ada that create a peaceful,
are lined withapdtrees
.wp. a natural elementswand
a
adaesthetically pleasing a
.wp.apdawildlife habitats intow.w
aa
p.environment.
pdad
w w.wp.p Trees ww.wpour
increase quality of life by
w w
bringing w w urban settings. w.w
w w w w w ww
Many neighbourhoods are also the home of very old trees that serve as historic landmarks and a great source
of town pride. Likewise, Trees contribute to their environment by providing, oxygen, improving air quality
t t t t t t ni.entet
l a i
l .
a ni.ente
conserving water, preserving
l a il.ani.enesoil and supporting la il.ani.ene Therefore, without
wildlife. l a i.ente we, humans would
il.antrees, l a il.anot
a
adsas be able to exist on a
sasbeautiful planet. Thus,
athis a
aitsaiss very important thatadwe asaas
should make it a practice a
sasplant a
ato
.wp.apda .
w p.apdad .
w p.apdad .
w p.pad .
w p.apdad w.w
ww
w number w ofwtrees in our school premises
w
ww and in our surroundings.
w
ww Finally, I would like towsay
w w that it is best to
w
ww
join a nearby NGO working for this cause to work efficiently in this direction.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a13
.wp.apdaada ada aa
.apdad habit” in aboutw
.wp.apdaon “The importancewof.wpreading
ada
.wp.apda words using the hints daada
.wp.apgiven
w Task 2 : Prepare a speech
w 100–150 w below w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
together with your own ideas.
 Introduction
l ail .entetSuggested value points
.ani l a i
l
t
.ani.ent:eKnowledge enrichment l a i
l
t
i.ente
t
.ani.ent–e Skill developmentla–il.anMeaningful usage of time
l a i
l .ani.en
–
tet
sas sas sas sas sas
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada Overall . .apdaada
development
p . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w
w  Conclusion w w w w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
m
The importance of reading habit
t t t t ni.entet like to deliver a short t
i.ente on ‘The importance .entet
a l a il.ani.ene Good Morning friends!
a l ail.ani.enI,eVishal of Class XIIa‘lAa’il.would
a a l a il.anspeech a l a il.aniof
adsas Reading habit’. Reading aada is one of the most
ss fundamental
asas skills, every oneda of
dsaus
s needs to learn to succeed
aada in life.
ss
co
w.wp.apda Developing w .wp.apdreading
good habits is vital
w to .apdadfuture, not just academically,
.wpour w.wp.apa but in everyday life w .apdwell.
.wpas w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Reading develops vocabulary. The more we read, the more new words will find their way into our
vocabulary. Reading not only increases our attention span, but also leads us to a lifelong love of books. As a
t t t t t t t t
l a i.ente this habit will serve
il.anresult, l a .entewell
il.anius il.ani.ene and beyond it.
throughout ourlaeducation l il.ani.ene also encouragesaalathirst
Reading
a il.ani.ene
a s as as a s s
s.
adsa for knowledge. Children s
apdaada with good reading adsa learn more about athe
apdahabits asa adsa
.wp.apda .
w p. .
w p. .
w p. pdadworld around them and
.
w p.apdadevelop an
w.w
ww
w interest in
wwother cultures. I would like
w
wwto conclude my speech bywsaying
w w w ‘Develop good reading ww habits from your
w
ww
early childhood, as this habit makes us worldly-wise and enhances our intellect. It also provides us with an edge
overtthe others. Thank you all tfor giving me this opportunity t to speak on this wonderful t topic.
ok
ete ete ete ete t ete
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda eadingR w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
a. Read the passage given below and make notes.
l a i
l .entet cities
.aniSmart l a i
l
o
.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas as
daadsaof sas sas sas
apdaada1. Initiated by the Govt.
ap India. apdaada apdaada apdaada
ab
w .wp. w .wp. w .wp. w .wp. w .
w p. w.w
ww (a) drive
ww economic growth ww ww ww ww
(b) improve the quality of life of people
2. Agenda t t t t t t
l a il.ani.ente l ai l.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l ail.ani.ene
adsa s (a) resolve urban
a ssustainability
aada
a s problems asas
apdad
a ss
apdaada
a a
adsas
.wp.apda 3. The contribution .wp.apdof .wp.apda
ur
w w urban forestry w w .wp. w .wp. w w.w

ww ww w ww ww ww
(a) physiological, sociological and economical
(b) Mangroves, lakes and forests
t t t t t t t t t t
l a il.ai.ene (i) act as sponges
n l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
as
adsa (ii) present
a
adsas s
a cultural and recreational as
adsahotspots adsaas a
adsa s
ww ww has shown to increase
(c) presence wwthe economic value of the wwplace ww ww
(d) reduce the cost of buildings
w
4. Plants t t etet etet etet

l i.ente provide shade lail.ani.ente
ail.an(a) l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n
s
ada as aas a s s
ada as s
ada as s
ada as
w .wp.apda (b) regulate w .apdad
.wpmicro-climate w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww energy budgets ww ww ww ww
w
(c) regulate
(d) improve air quality
.n(e) i.ente curtail noise pollution
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a il a l a il l a il l a il l a i
l
sa s (f) arrest sedimentation sas a
daadsas sas sas
w
. p.apdaada (i) p
lakes
. . aadarivers get a chance.to
apdand p.aprecover . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w w w ww w w w w w w.w
ww ww improve an aquatic ecowsystem
(ii) ww ww ww
5. Biodiversity gets boosted
t t t t t t t t t
i.ente high areas help tolabuild
lail.an(a) il.ani.eneresilient ecosystems la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas (b) opportunity a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas
w .wp.apda w .wp.apdafor children to connect w .wp.to
apdaenvironment
ww ww about native species ww
(c) learn ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .n
lail.aniXII
etet
lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.1
etet
14saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Grammar
l ail.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t Tenses
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l ail.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
a sas sas sas sas
. p. daadsa1s: Tick the correct.poption
Task
ap apdaadaand complete the .w
. .apdaada
dialogue.
p . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w w w ww w w w w w.w
ww ww do you watch / are youwwatching? ww ww ww
m
A : Hello. What [Ans: are you]
B : A programme about the Jallian Wala Bagh massacre, which I recorded last night. I study / I’m studying about it this
tet t t t t t t [Ans: I’m studying] t t
a l a il.ani.enterm. a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s : All that I know /dI’ve
adsaA s
adsaknown adsas of people died / hadadied
about it is that hundreds s it.
adsain [Ans:aIda adsas died]
know;
co
w.wp.apda w .wp.apa w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.p w.w
ww B : Yes, it was ww much, much worse than anyone ww has expected / had expected. ww It went on / has gonewon w for hours. Do you ww
want / Have you wanted to watch the programme with me? [Ans: had expected; went on; Do you want]
A : No, tet thanks. I’ve got to do.nsome tet veena practice. I’ve just remembered
tet / I just remembered
entet
that we’ve got a concertt t
a l a il.ani entomorrow,
. and I don’t a have
l a i
l a i.e/nhaven’t had time to practise
a l ai l.ani enmy
. new piece this week.
a l
a il.ani .
a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
adsa adsa adsa adsa s
aada had]
w .wp.apda
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda [Ans: I just remembered; w .wp.apdhaven’t w.w
ww B : OK. I’ve wwalready done / I already did ww my practice, so I’ve got timewto wwatch TV. See you later. [Ans: ww I’ve already done] ww
Task 2 : Complete
t the sentences with thet correct tense form of thet verbs in brackets.
ok
i.ente te
il.ani.en_______ ete etet etet
s a.
asl ail.an_______ (tell) me exactly
sasl awhat s ail.ani.n
(happen) lastaslnight!
[Ans: Tell; happened]
ada aadaMaths teacher. She ____ daada me for four years..p.apdaada aa
w .wp.apda b. Mrs. Mageswari w .apdmy
.wpis w .wp.ap(teach) w w [Ans: has
w .apdadteaching]
.wpbeen w.w
ww c. I _____ (never)ww think of a career in medicine ww before I spoke to my Biology
ww teacher but now I _____ wwthink (seriously) it. ww
[Ans: never thought; am seriously considering]
d. i.nOh
l a l a i.ente t
no! I _______ (forget)
la
to
il.ani.ent
bringet
o
my assignment! What
l a il am
.ani.enteI t
going to do? This is thei.second
l a l ani.entet time I _______ (do) l a i
l ani.entet
.this!
sas sas sas sas [Ans: forgot; sas done]
have
ab
w. wp. w .wp. w .wp. .wp. .wp . w.w
ww e. I can’t remember ww what my teacher _______ ww (say) yesterday about ourwhomework. ww I _______ (not listen) w
ww properly because ww
Hussain _______ (talk) to me at the same time. [Ans: said; did not listen; was talking]
f. Last year we _______ (go) on a school trip to Kanyakumari. We _____ (have) a very interesting time. [Ans: went; had]
t t t t ntet make) a final decision t
g.
l a i.ente
il.anAt the moment I _______ l ail.ani.ene about what courseato
(think) l a .ani.ente next year but I _______
ilpursue l ail.ani.e(not l a i.ente
il.anyet.
a
adsas a
adsas adsas a
adsas a
asas
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda [Ans: am thinking; .apdadnot made]
.wphave
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww h. I _____ (get) ww up at 7 every morning but wwthis morning I _____ (sleep) wwfor a long time and I _____ ww(not get)up until 8. ww
[Ans: get; was sleeping; did not get]
t t t t t t t t t t
Task 3la il.ani.eninethe blanks with the
: Fill il.ani.ene form of the verbslagiven
lacorrect il.ani.enein the brackets.
l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a
adsa s a s as a as a as as
.wp.apda a) Everyone _______ aada the earthquake hit the
.wp.apdwhen daadsa town. (sleep)
.wp.apsmall .wp.apda
adsa [Ans: daadsa
.wp.apwas sleeping]
w w w w w w.w
ww ww_______ her job a couple ofww
b) Evangelene years ago. (quit) ww ww [Ans: had quit] ww
c) Where _______ your last holidays? (you spend) [Ans: did you spend]
w
e t
d) i.anIi.thinke t Suresh _______ fori.a e te t e t e t e te t [Ans: will be leaving] etet
s asl al n s asl al Tiruvallur
ni.n next morning.(leave)
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
adae) I was angry that Ia_______ ada such a mistake (make). ada ada da made]
[Ans:ahad
w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww f) My mother wwwas tired yesterday becausewshe w ___ well the night beforew(not w sleep). ww[Ans: did not sleep] ww
w
g) Her parents _______ in Coimbatore for two weeks from today (be). [Ans: will be]
h) nNothing [Ans: had happened]
.ai.ente much _______ when .ani.eIntgot
e to the meeting (happen). .ani.ente
t t t t t
l a i
l l a i
l l a i
l l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sai)
s Scientists predict that sbyas2050, man _______ on dMars. sas(land) sas [Ans: will have salanded]
s
w
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apaada . p.apdaada . p apdaada

.
w w w w w w.w
j) Sh! Someone ww _______ to our conversation! ww (listen) ww [Ans: is listening]
w w w w w
ww ww ww
k) The plane _______ off in a few minutes. (take) [Ans: will be taking]
l) They _______ about me when I interrupted their conversation. (talk) [Ans: were talking]tet
entet entet entet entet e
s m)
as
i .ani .
lal Justin and his parents s_______ as
i .
a ni .
lal in an apartment right s as
i . ani .
lal because they can’t findsaaascheap
now i .ani .
lal house. (live) [Ans: are s as ail.ani.n
lliving]
adaad a ad a daad a adaad adaad a
w.wp.p n) Rajini Prem’s .wp.apda_______ in Chengalpet
wfamily wp.ap (be).
w.now. w.wp.p w.wp.p [Ans: are] w.w
w w w w w w w w w w ww
o) Yusuf _______ to the movies once in a while (go) [Ans: will go]
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a15
ada aa aa ada aa
w .wp.apda p) This _______wan .apdadquiz so far (be). w.wp.apdad
.wpeasy w .wp.apda w .apdadhas been]
.wp[Ans: w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
q) Our team _______ any games last year. (not win) [Ans: did not won]
r) We _______ a wonderful film in the [Ans: saw] t
e ntet e ntet cinema last night. (see) e
t
nte entet ete
s as) i . ni .
slalaHurry up! The movie _______
i . ni .
aslala (already, begin)
s
i
aslala
. ni .
s s asl i
ala. ni . ail.ani.n
[Ans: has alreadyasbegun]
s l
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada .p.apda
ada
.p.apda
ada
w.w
wwModal Auxiliariesw w
w w w w w w ww w ww w
ww ww ww
m
ww
Task 1 : Fill in the blanks with modal auxiliaries.
t t t t t t t t t
a)
l a i.entecandidates _______ answer
il.anThe l ail.ani.enefive out of ten questions.l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
[Ans:lamust]
a
adsas a
ss a
adsas a
adsas s as
aada my bag? a
co
.wp.apda b) How _______wyou .wp.apdopen .wp.apda .wp.apda adaa[Ans:
d dare]
w w w w.wp.p w.w
ww c) Tajudeenw_______ w ww
finish this work by Monday. ww w
w [Ans: should / will] ww
d) _______ I go to school today? [Ans: can / May]
e) i.nIi.ewishtet you _______ tell me the tet t t t t [Ans: would] t t
a l a l a n a l a il.ani.entruth. a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
adsaf) Poonam _______anot adscatch
a the bus yesterday. adaadsa adsa adsa could]
[Ans:
w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.p w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww g) People who wwlive in glass houses _______ wwnot throw stones. ww ww [Ans: should] ww
h) You _______ not go to the market as I have brought vegetables. [Ans: need]
ok
i) _______ t you have taken all this trouble?
t etet etet [Ans: would] t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n l il.ani.ene
amust]
s
ada j) You
as _______ be joking.
s as s as s as [Ans:
s as
.wp.apda k) I tried to climb .w daada
p.apthe .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada aada
.wp.apd[Ans:
w w up tree, but _______ not.
w w w could] w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
l) Hima Das ran so fast that she _______ win the medal. [Ans: could]
[Ans: can; can’t] t
m) You _______
n) I
l a i
l .ani.entet
_______ like to have a cup
l a il
o
lead a horse to water,t but you _______ make it drink.
te
.anofi.encoffee. l a il.ani.ente
t
l a il.ani.ente
t
ail.ani.n
[Ans:aswould]
l
ete
sas sas saas sas s
apdaadao) My grandfather.wp_______ apdaada visit this temple when daadwas
aphe apdaada apdaadaused to]
young. w.wp.[Ans:
ab
w .wp. w . w .wp. w . wp. w.w
Task 2 : Complete the following sentences with modals using the clues given:
t t t
i.ente obligation) t t t t i.ente
t
a) You
a l a il.ani.ene_______ help the needy.
a l ail.an(moral a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene [Ans: ought
a l a il.anto]
s If I were you, I _______
adsab) adsasnot behave like that. (conditional
adsas sentence) adsas adsaswould]
[Ans:
ur
w w w w w [Ans: shall] w.w

ww c) I _______ w tell a lie. (determination)
wnever ww ww ww ww
d) My uncle _______ have reached by now. (possibility) [Ans: might]
e) nThe t patient
t is critical. He _______ t t be taken to the hospital.(compulsion)
t t t t [Ans: must] t t
la il.ai.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a
adsaf) I _______ to playahockey
s a
asa when I was a student.a(past
s a
adsahabit)
s adsaas [Ans: a
adsaused to]
s
.wp.apda g) You _______wnot pdad
.wp.attend .wp.pda .wp.apda .wp.apda[Ans: must] w.w
w my class. (order) w w w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
h) He _______ come today. (remote possibility) [Ans: might]
w
i) You _______ follow the traffic rules. (regulation) [Ans: must]t t

a i
l .
ani.entet a il.ani.entet ail.ani.n
etet
ail.ani.n
etet .ani.ene
ailwill]
s j) He
asl _______ play the match.
s asl (willingness) s asl s asl [Ans:
s asl
ada aa ada ada ada
w .wp.apda k) You _______wnot pdad time on it. (necessity)
.wp.awaste w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda[Ans: need] w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
l) Had the doctor come in time, he _______ have saved the patient. (probability) [Ans: would]
a i
l .ani.ente
t
a i
l.ani.ente
t ReportedailS.anipeech
.entet a i
l.ani.ente
t
a i
l .ani.ente
t
a l a l a l sasl sasl
daadsa1s : Read what these daadsas say and rewrite.as daadsas
w
. p. Task
ap . p.appeople p apsentences.
. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w ww w w w w w w w w.w
ww 1. Raja saidwthat he was very busy. ww ww ww ww
2. Satya said that she had completed her work.
t tetgo out. t t t t t t
l a i.ente said that he didn’t
3. i.anJohnson
l l a .ani.ento
ilike
l la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
as Akshita said that she
adsa4. a
sasjust come from Chennai.
adhad a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas
ww w he was learning English.ww
5. Jayan saidwthat ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.1n
16saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s s
aa asl Std  SmartsEnglish
a
ada sl s
ada asl
w .wp.apda 6. Madhu said that
w .apdahad
.wpshe bought a pen the .wp.a
day
w pdad
before. w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
7. Joseph and Mary said that they would be going for shopping the next day.
8. Afsart and Ayesha said that they could
. ni e
. nte . ni e
. ntet not attend the party..ni.entet .ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
9.
l ail a Satish asked him how he was.
l a i
l a l a i
l a l ail l a i
l
sas sas sas sas sas
. p.apdaada10. Victor said that.wphe.apdwas
aadafine and thanked him..p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww w ww w ww w ww w ww ww
m
Task 2 : Read the following dialogue and complete the report in the space provided.
a) nPriya t t : Where are you ngoing? t t t t t t t t
l a il.ai.ene l ail.ai.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
adsa s Vijay
a : I am going s sto the railway station. dadsas
aada
a a a
adsas a
adsas
co
w.wp.apda Priya .wp.apdare
: wwWhy you going there? ww.w p.apa w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww
w w
Vijay : I want to receive my uncle who is coming from Bangalore.
ww ww ww
Priya asked Vijay (a) where he was going.
t t t t t t t t
ni.ente replied (b) that he was
lail.aVijay l a i.ente to the railway station.
il.angoing l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
a s as a s a s a s
s.
adsa adsa asa adsa adsa
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda (c) why he was going
Priya further inquired
w p.apdad
there.
.w w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww wwthat (d) he wanted to receive
Vijay stated wwhis uncle, who was coming wwfrom Bangalore. ww ww
b) Teacher : Why are you late?
ok
t t t etet etet etet
l i.ente : I missed thelabus.
ail.anDivya il.ani.ene l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n lail.ani.n
s
ada as Teacher : Youap sas
ada have reached the bus astop
should s as
a time.
adon s
ada as s
ada as
w .wp.apda w .wp. da w .wp.pda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww Divya w : w My grandmother is ill. So, I had to take her to the doctor.
ww ww ww ww
Teacher : I am sorry. What ails her? o
Divya
tet : She has high fever.tet tet tet t
l a i
l .ani.en la i
l .ani.en l a i
l .ani.en l a i
l .ani.en l a i
l .ani.ente
sa s The teacher asked Divya saaswhy she was late. Divya drepliedsaas that (a) she had missed the
sasbus.The teacher told herdathat saas(b) she
apdaada apdaadthe apaadsaid aadaill so she had to take her
apd aptoadthe
ab
w.wp. should have w .
w p.
reached bus stop on time. .wp.
Divya that her p
grandmother
.
w . was .
w p. doctor. w.w
ww wwfelt sorry and further askedwher ww ww
w w
ww fever. ww
The teacher (c) what ailed her. Divya explained that she (d) had high
Task 3 : Rewrite
entet the following passage
enteint indirect speech. t t t t t t
a l a il.ani. a l ail.ani. a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene al ail.ani.ene
adsas Pradeep got out ofabed adsawith
s much excitement. Hedremarked
asas to his sister Varshini athat
sasit was going to be a lovely
daadsunny
sas day.
.wp.apda Varshini begged Pradeep
.wp.pdato let her sleep a bit longer padsuggested him to gow
.wp.aand pdadmother in cooking since
.wp.ahelp .wp.aphe
ur
w w w and w was feeling w.w

ww ww ww ww ww
so enthusiastic. Pradeep said that he would surely help and asked his mother whether he could help her. His mother agreed to
ww
his request and asked him to have his breakfast and added that there were idlis and vadas on the dining table. Pradeep thanked
t t t t t t t t
a .ni.ente and said that he would
his imother i.ente help her by eating them.
i.nsurely
a i.ni.ene a i.ni.ene a i.ni.ene a
.s
a d
a a
d a daad a daad a daad a daad
ww ww ww Letter Writing ww ww ww
w
a) Read tet following letter carefully,

ethe etet discuss with your partner etet and answer the questions: etet etet
adaQuestions: ada ada ada ada
ww wwsender of the letter? ww ww ww ww
w
a. Who is the
Ans: Srivatsav is the sender of the letter.
l a l .entet is the receiver? lail.ani.entet

b. i.niWho
a l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas Ans: The editor ofdaadnewspapersas is the receiver. daadsaas sas sas
w
. p.apdaada . p.apa a . p.ap . p.apdaada . p.apdaada

w w c. What is the w w w w w w w w w.w
ww wwissue? ww ww ww ww
Ans: Reckless riders who violate the traffic rules should be punished.
d. What t is the request of the sender? ntet tet ntet t t
l a i.ente
il.anAns: l a il.ani.econcerned la il.ani.enappropriate l a il.ani.ean l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas The sender requests
a
adsas the authorities ato
adsas take measures ato
adsas put end to the menace. a
adsas
w .wp.apda e. Who will takewsteps .wp.apdaafter reading it? w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Ans: The law and the police will take steps after reading it.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a17
.wp.apdaada .w
aa
p.apdad
aa
.apdad (b) You are w
.wpHigher .wp.apdaada .wp.apda
ada
w b) You have chosen
w Computer Science in the
w the head of the English Department
w in a w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Secondary Course. Write a letter to your friend renowned institution. You are invited to preside over
giving reasons for your choice. Read the clues given the inauguration of English Literary Club in your alma
t t t t t t ni.entetyou have receivedleither t
inlabrackets
i l.ani.en e to complete thelaletter. i l.ani.en e
l a i
l
e e
.ani. mater. Respond to the
n
l a il.aletter a il.ani.ente
sas sas sas accepting the sas sas
. p.apdaadaNo. 4, Gandhi Street, . p .apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdinvitation
aada or expressing your
. p.apdaadainability
w w w w w w to attend w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww the function. ww ww
m
K. K. Nagar, Chennai - 78. From
7th March, 2019
Dear i . ni e
. ntet
Rahul, i . ni entet
. i . ni ente t C. Nagaraj
. ntet of the Department,
il.ani.eHead
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a a l a l a a l a l a Professor of English,
a l a a l a
adsas asas ss
aada daadsas ‘K’ City adsas
co
w .wp.apda Hope you are w .apdadI would like to inform
.wpfine. w .wp.apdyou ABC Arts
w .wp.apCollege, w .wp.apda w.w
ww that I have chosen ww Computer Science in wwmy higher Pin ww: YYYYYY ww ww
secondary course. I took this group, because it has 5th June, 2019
a very good
t t scope for my future. tI wish
t to become a t t t t t t
l a il.ani.ene Engineer in a asoftware
Computer
a l a il.ani.enecompany and goalail.ani.eneTo a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s s s The Principal s s
s.
adsa asa adsa adsa adsa
.wp.apda abroad for my future pdad
.wp.aprospects .wp.apda
in my career.wRecently .wp.apda Secondary School,w.wp.apda w.w
ww
w w w
ww in Social XYZ
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w Higher ww ww
we have heardwa lot of unhealthy happenings ‘B’ City, Pin : XXXXXX
Media and the society. All these have made me to take
ok
up ithis et
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.ani.unhealthy situations. i.ni.enteDear t Sir,
il.ani.ene
t t etet
s I
asl a l
have plans to pursue my s l a
higher
as
il studies in this field.
s asl a l a Sub : Accepting s asl ayour invitation. s asl ail.ani.n
ada aa ada aa aa
.wp.apda .apdad
.wpyour .wp.apdamy This pdadinform you withw.wpleasure
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ww
w All the best
ww for
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regards to your mother, father and brother. I shall preside over the inauguration of your English
Literary Club on 15th of June. I will be there in your
Yourselovingly,
l a il.ani.nte
t
l a il
o
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t
l a i
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t
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tet the programme. I have
.ani.enfor l a il.ani.ente
t
saK.
s Ramesh. sas sas made some a a
daadsas in my schedule.pto
changes adsaas this
apdaada apdaada apdaada p apdaattend
ab
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w programme,
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from 1978 to 1985. I feel honoured to preside over
(a) You had been to your Grandma’s house during the this event.
summeri .ani entet holidays. You enjoyed
. i .ani . t
enteyour stay in her i .ani entet
. il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
asl a l a l a l
s Grandma stating how a l a l Thank you, a l a a l a
adsacompany. Write a letter atosayour asas asas asas
.wp.apda much you miss her .apdad p.apdad p.apdad p.apdad
ur
w w .wpafter returning to your w .w Yours w .

sincerely,
w w .w w.w
ww ww ww home. ww ww ww
nd
30, 2 Street, C. Nagaraj
Shanthi n t
eteNagar, Chennai - 80. etetn n ete(Head
t n
of English department) etet
n etet
lathil.ani. lail.ani. lail.ani. Address on the envelopelail.ani. : lail.ani.
.s
a s
a as
25 February, 2019. a s
a as a s
a as a saas a s
a as
adad adad adad adad adad
w w.wp.p Dear Grandma,ww.wp.p w w.wp.p To w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w.w
w w w w w ww
I am fine here. How is your health? Are you The Principal
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takingentyouret medicines daily?i.niDuring tet the summer te t XYZ Higher Secondary etet School, etet
as ail.ani. I was with yousain
holidays,
l sl a .en I cannot forgetaslail.ani.en
alSalem. asl ail.ani.n asl ail.ani.n
s
ada ada s
ada ‘B’ City,aPinad:aXXXXXX
s s
ada
w .wp.apda those happy days. w .wp.apIdamiss you a lot Grandma.
w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w.w
ww wwto Chennai, a day neverwgoes w ww ww ww
w
After returning without (c) Write a letter to the Headmaster of your school
remembering you. How you had cared for me requesting him to help you obtain a duplicate mark
during .ani.en temy
t stay with you! How .ani.emuch
ntet I enjoyed in ent t
.ani. sheet of class XII, which
e t
.ani.enteyou lost while travelling. .ani.ente
t
l a il la i l l a il l a i
l l a il
saour
s beautiful garden,dalistening dsaas to your wonderful a
daadsas sas sas
apdaada(HY. 19)
w
. p.apdaadastories! I can never . p.apaforget these pleasant. p.adays.

p . p.apdaada . p.
w w ww w w w Fromwww w w w w.w
ww I am longingwto see you again. Convey ww my love to ww ww
S. Madan,
grandpa, aunt and uncle.
tet t t t t 12, Gandhi Street, t t t t
aYours
l a il.ani.enlovingly, a l a il.ani.ene a la il.ani.ene Poonamallee, alail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
ss ss ss ss ss
adaada adaada adaada adaada adaada
w.wp.p R. Nisha. w.wp.p w.wp.p Chennai.
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
3 January, 2019
rd
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
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n.entet etet
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adsaas
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w.wp.p Thank w w.wp.p
you,
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The Principal, Yours sincerely,
RMM Hr. Sec. School,
ail.an i.ente
t
Poonamallee, Chennai. ail.ani.ente
t
. ni e
. nteS.t Rajesh. .ani.ent:e
t
.ani.ente
t
l l l a i
l a Address on the l ai
envelopel l a il
sas sas sas sas sas
. p.apdaadaDear Sir, . p .apdaada . p .apdaada To . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w ww w
Sub : Rwequisition - Duplicate wmark
w
ww sheet w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww
m
regarding. The Manager
AZ Company,
Ien wish
tet to bring to your kind ennotice
tet that I lost my .ni.entet etet t t
mark
a l a i
l.ani .
sheet while travellinga l ail.
toani .
Trichy. Last month, a l a i
l a Jaya Nagar, alail.ani.n a l a il.ani.ene
adsas asas asas adsas adsas
co
w.wp.apda I visited my aunt’s w .apdad at Trichy to do my
.wpplace w .apdad
.wphigher w .wp.apda
Bengaluru.
w .wp.apda w.w
ww w
studies in thew college over there. But unfortunately, ww ww ww ww
I lost my mark sheets while I was travelling. So I request (e) You wish to become a pilot. Write a letter to a
tet college enquiring about entethe
t details of the pilot
you.nto
i i enkindly
. issue my duplicate
i .ni ntet sheet as I need ail.ani.entet
emark
. i . ni . ni.entet
il.athe
l a l a l a l a l training course offered
l a l a by the college. Include l a
adsato do my higher studies.
as a s a s a s a s
s.
adsa adsa adsa adsa
w .wp.apda Thank you, w .wp.apda w .wp.apda .wp.apda in your enquiry: wduration
followingwdetails .wp.apda of the w.w
ww ww ww wwfee structure, scholarships,
course, ww hostel facilities ww
Yours sincerely, and placement details.
ok
S. Madan entet entet t
enteFrom entet entet
sa lail.ani. on the envelope
aAddress
s sa
.ni.
as:laila sa
.ni.
aslaila Suresh. Kdaadsaasa
lail.ani. sa
.ni.
aslaila
ada ad ada ad adaad adaad
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p 26, .wp.ap Patel Road,
Sardar w.wp.p w.w
ww To ww ww w ww ww ww
St. Thomas Mount,
The Principal,
Chennai - 600 016.
.niRMM
l a i
l a .entet Hr. Sec. School, lail.ani.entet
o l a i
l .
a ni e
. ntet st
21 January, 2019 l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas Poonamallee, Chennai. sas s as s as sas
ab
w.wp. w .
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(d) Write a letter to AZ Company requesting them to The Principal
replace the defective juicer that you bought recently. MNN College of Aeronautical Engineering,
t following details:n.enthe
entethe tet problem, date .ni.entet t t t t
Include
a l a i
l .
ani .
a l ail.
a i
a l a i
l a St. Thomas Mount,
a l ail.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene
s purchase, receipt number,
adsaof adsas model and warranty. asas Chennai adsas016. asas
.wp.apda .wp.apda p.apdad p.apd-a600 p.apdad
ur
w w w .w w .
w w.w w.w
ww ww ww (PTA-2) Dear w w
Sir, ww ww
From Sub : Pilot training course - Reg.
nS. tRajesh
t t t t t I wish to join the .Pilot t t t t
la il.ai.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a ilani.eneTraining Course, which l a il.ani.eisne
.s
a
adsa s 52, Oliver Road, a
adsa s adsaas to be conducted ain a
sayour college from this dyear.
s a
adsa Kindly
s
w .wp.apda Jaya Nagar, w .wp.apda
Bengaluru. w .wp.apda give me the
w .apdad of the duration of
.wpdetails w .apacourse
.wpthe and w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
2nd February, 2020 fee structure. I would like to know if I can avail any
scholarships for this training. Further, kindly let me
w
To
.entetManager
lail.aniThe l ail.ani.n
etet
l aila. ni e
.n t
teknow about the hostel l .entet
ail.anifacilities and the placement l ail.ani.n
etet
s
ada as s as s as details after the s as
acompletion of this training. s as
.wp.apda AZ Company,.p.apdaada .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
da
.wp.apda
ada
w Jaya Nagar, ww w w w w.w
ww ww Bengaluru. ww Thank wwyou, ww ww
w
Sir, Yours faithfully,

t t t t t
l a il.aniSub
.ente : Replacement of the la il.andefective
i.ente juicer - Reg.
l a il.ani.enteK. Suresh l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sas Two days back, dIadbought sas a
daadsas dsaas sas
w
apdaada apa a a juicer fromayour Address onpthe apdaaenvelope : apdaada

.
w p. .
w p. .wp. p .w . .wp . w.w
ww
w company. It was ww a blue colour Preethi w
w Juicer.
ww It cost ww ww
w
ww
To w
` 2,000/-. Yesterday it was delivered to me. After I
started using it, I discovered that tit was defective. The Principal
tet te te t MNN College of Aeronautical t t Engineering, i.ni.entet
You e
il.ahave
n n
i. given me two yearslawarranty n
il.ai. en for that juicer. lail.ai. n en il.ani.ene a
d a
d a
saSol a
s kindly replace the defective d a
d a
sas product with another d ad a
sas St. ThomasdaMount,
d a
sas l a
d adsaaslal
aa aa aa aa aa
w.wp.p w.wp.p th w.wp.p w.wp.-p600 016.
Chennai w.wp.p w.w
ww one. It was bought ww on 30 January 2019 wwand I have ww ww ww
enclosed the bill along with this letter.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
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ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a19
.wp.apdaada ada
.wp.apdamanager of Waves w .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w (f) Write a letter to
w the Furniture To w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Company ordering furniture for a coaching centre. The Recruitment Manager,
Include the following details: description of the Vivid Colours Pvt. Ltd.,
t t t t t t t t
furniture,
l ail
e
.ani. n e number of pieces,lamode
i
l
en e
.ani. of payment, time lail.ani.
en e T. Nagar, Chennai
l ail.ani.en-te17. l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
adaadaand delivery options. adaada (PTA-1)
adaada Respected Sir,adaada apdaada
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w .
w p. p w .
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ww From ww w ww w ww: A
pplication for the PostwofwPersonal Secretary ww
m
Sub
K. Namitha, to the Managing Director - Reg.
No. t 10, Raman Street, t t t t t t
il.ani.ene This is with areference il.ani.ene to your advertisement
t
ene t t
a l a il.ani.Thirupathi Nagar, a l a il.ani.ene a l a l a nd a l a il.ani.ene
adsas adsas adsas published in ‘The adsaHindu’
s , dated 22 February, adsas 2019
co
w.wp.apda Kolathur, Chennai
w .wp.apda - 600 099. w .wp.apda for the post
w pdaPersonal
.wp.aof Secretary wto .apdaManaging
.wpthe w.w
ww 24th February,w2020
w ww ww ww ww
Director. I wish to apply for the said post. If given a
To chance, I shall discharge my duties sincerely to the
ail.aniThe.entetManager, n
il.ai .ente t n e
. nte t
il.ai utmost satisfactionaof ilall ntetsuperiors. I am enclosing
.ani.emy t t
il.ani.ene
as l a sl a asl a sl a asl a
s.
adsa Waves Furniture asa
Company, asa my resume for asa perusal.
your asa
.wp.apda .wp.apdad .wp.apdad .wp.apdad .wp.apdad w.w
ww
w Kolathur, Chennai - 600 099.
ww
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w Thankww
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you, ww
w
ww
Sir, Yours faithfully,
Weteare starting a coaching centre for the students
ok
i.entewe need to order lail.ani.enteS. Vasanth Kumar lail.ani.ente
t t t t etet
ofl .ani.enXI and XII standards.
ailX, l ail.anSo l ail.ani.n
s
ada as aasa s s
ada as Encl : Curriculum s a
adaVitae
s s
ada as
w .wp.apda some furniture for w .apdadKindly send us the w
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ww furniture to the wwabove address. ww ww Curriculum Vitae ww ww
1. Writing tables - 10 Nos.
o Name : S. Vasanth Kumar
t t Father’s
t Name : H. e Sampath
et t
l a il.an2.
i.ent e Chairs l
- i.n30
a l a i.enteNos. l a il.ani.enteDate of Birth :
l a i
10l.anith.ntDecember 1988. l a il.ani.ente
sas 3. Stools (small) sas- 10 Nos. sas sas sas
apdaada apdaada apdaada Marital Status apdaada : Single apdaada
ab
w .wp. .wp . .wp. .wp. .wp . w.w
ww We ne ewdww t hes e f ur niture onww orw b efore ww
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st Educational
1 March before noon. I am sending a cheque
Qualification : 1. B.A. (Hons) - 65%
of ` 5,000/- t as an advance for t this furniture. t
The a ni.ent
il.abalancee
would be paid on a ni.ente
il.adelivery of the items. a n
il.ai. e nte a2. ntet (HR) - 60% ail.ani.entet
il.ani.eM.B.A.
a l a l a l a l aasl
a daadsas a daadsas a daadsas Work Experience a daadsas: Presently workingadin aadsNational
ur
w.w p. p Thank you, w.w p . p w.w p. p w.w p. p p . p

w.w (Ltd.) Since w.w
ww ww ww ww ComputerswwPvt. ww
Yours sincerely, July 2012 as Personal Executive.
K. Namitha. Languages known : English, Tamil and Hindi
. ni.entet . ni entet
. . ni entet
. . ni .entet t t
il.ani.ene
l a il a l a il a l a il a References : 1.
l a il a D r. S. Roy, HOD Business l a
.s
adsaaAddress
s on the envelope :
adsaas adsaas adsaas as
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda Administration daadsa
.wp.apDepartment,
w To w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww w
MadraswUniversity. ww
The Manager, 2. Dr. R.M. Rohit, Director
w
neWaves t Furniture Company, t t National

ntet Computers Pvt. t t
il.ai.nte il.ani.ente il.ani.ente il.ani.eLtd, i.ani.ene
ad saas l a Kolathur, Chennai s-aa600
ad
l a
s 099.
ad saasl a
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w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda Declaration w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww for the post of Personal
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(g) Write an application

I hereby declare that the above particulars are true
to the Managing Director of a company. Include
and correct to the best of myt knowledge.
the nfollowing tet details: Educational tet qualification, .ni.entet t
l a i
l .
a i e
. n
la i l.ani e
. n
l a i
l a Date : 23.02.2019 l a il.ani.ente S. Vasanth l i .ani.ente
Kumar
a l
saexperience,
s various other saqualifications
s required for sas sas sas
w
. p.apdaadathe post. . p.apdaada (PTA-3

. p.apd&aad4)a Place : . p.apdaada - 82
Chennai . p. aada
apdSignature
ww From ww ww ww ww ww
Address on the envelope :
S. Vasanth Kumar,
tet Ayappa Nagar, t t t To
t t t t t
lail.ani.en62, l a il.ani.ene la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas The Recruitment asas Manager,
a a
adsas
w .wp.apda III Street, Agaram,
w .wp.apda Chennai - 82. w.wp.apda Vivid
w p.apdad Pvt. Ltd.,
.w
Colours w .wp.apda w.w
ww 23rd February, 2020
ww ww ww ww ww
T. Nagar, Chennai - 17.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
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20saslail.ai s asl Sura’s s asl Std  SmartsEnglishasl s asl
.wp.apdaada daada
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p.apdad the nuisance created
.w daada
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w about w the roadside vendors
w blocking the w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
pavements and occupying the parking zone. (HY. 19)
Frometet t t t t
l ail.ani.nM. Randeer, l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas adsaas sas sas sas
. p.apdaada No. 15, Jawahar
. p.apdaStreet, . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww wwChennai - 600 099. ww ww ww ww
m
Kolathur,
25th February, 2019
t t t t t t t t t t
aTol a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas The Editor, .p.apdaada
ss adsas adsas adsas
co
w.wp.apda w w w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww The Hindu,
ww ww ww ww ww
859, Anna Salai, Chennai - 600 002.
Sir, n.entet t t t t t t t
i. i i.ente
il.anthe il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
asaaslala Sub : Nuisance created asl a
by roadside vendors -
asl a
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w Kolathur in Patel Nagar
w facing nuisance created
w the roadside vendors.
w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
pavements and occupy the parking zones. Kindly publish about this in your newspaper, for further action against it.
Thank you,
ok
s asl ail.ani.nsincerely,
Yours
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww.p.apda M. Randeer. ww .p.apda ww .p.apda ww.p.apda .p.apda
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ww ww envelope :
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To t t

l a i
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(i) Writeenateletter to your relative or

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ilhim/her
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t Advise him/her
il.ani.eneand financial helpaduring a
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Chennai - 600 017
23rd February, 2019
i .ani.entet t t
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t t
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t t
il.ani.ene
t t
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Myla l dear Ravi, l a l a l a l a
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w w w.w
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and come out of the hospital happily and in good health. Be positive always. Don’t have negative thoughts about the
illness. If you need any financial help, I am there to help you. Kindly don’t hesitate to ask. I pray that you should get
w
well et as possible.
i.entsoon etet etet etet etet
s asl ail.anas s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada Wishing a quick daada ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.aprecovery. w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww Yours lovingly, ww ww ww ww ww
w
R. Chandran
t t t t t
Address
l a i
l .ani.ente on the envelope :lail.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
w
. p.apdaada To . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada

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Mr. Ravi
3, K. K. Street,
t
.enteThomas t t t t t t t t
a ail.aniSt.
l Mount
a l a il.ani.ene a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas asas adsas adsas adsas
w .wp.apda Chennai - 600 w .apdad
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
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Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
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PROSE entet
lail.ani.
UNIT 2lail.ani.entet l a i
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t
l ail.ani.ente
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l a i
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sas sas sas sas sas
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A Nice Cup of Tea - George Orwell
t t t t t t t t t t
il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
a
adsasxU nfh¥ig áwªj njÚ®
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w .wp.apda 1903š nkhâAhÇ w .wp.apda v‹w ïl¤âšw.wp .apdad
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fÊ¤jh®. nguuR bfhŸif vnj¢râfhu« k‰W« bghJclik g‰¿
ok
t t .ani.ente
t mt® gy K¡»anmuáaš etet .ani.ente
t ïU¡»wh®. ail.ani.entet
a l il.ani.ene
atÈikahd v©z§fŸailbfh©l
a l a l ail.ai.n ïa¡f§fËšailciuah‰¿
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nr®¤jJ, etet “The Times” v‹w g¤âÇif. etet etet etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
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Key points
Tea is one of the mainstays of civilization.
i .ani entet
. entet
il.ani.subject il.ani.ene
t t t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a lThe best way of making itais
l the
a of violent disputes.
a l a a l a a l a
adsas adsas asas adsas adsas
.wp.apda .wp.apda p.apdad .wp.apda .wp.apda
ur
w There are eleven w outstanding points in making w .wtea. w w w.w

ww ww
Four are acutely controversial.
ww ww ww ww
Firstly, use Indian or Ceylonese tea.
t t t t t t t
l a .ani.ente Tea is to be madelainil.an
ilSecondly, i.ente quantities in a teapot,
small l a .ani.enteof China or earthenware.
ilmade l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a s
adsa Thirdly, the pot is toabe adsa as asa as adsa as adsaas
w .wp.apda w .wp.pda warmed beforehand w by.p
w .apdad it on the hob.
placing
ww Fourthly, tea ww to be strong - for a pot of quart ww six heaped teaspoons. One ww strong cup is better than 20wweak w cups of tea, a ww
day. Tea lovers like it stronger as they age.
w
Fifthly, t t pot. No strainers or muslin t t to imprison the tea. .ni.entet t t

l .ani.ente tea is to be put straight
a ilSixthly, l a
into
il.ani.ene
t the
l a il.ani.ene l a ila l a il.ani.ene
as take the teapot as
adinstead of a kettle. Water should as as as
.wp.apda
s
ada s a
.wp.apdamaking tea or give the w daada be boiling at the moment
.wpa.apgood
s daadofaimpact.
.wp.apto
s
.wp.apda
s
ada
w Seventhly, stir w
it after pot shake - allow the w
leaves settle. w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
Eighthly, drink out of a cylindrical breakfast cup which holds more and keeps it hot.
Ninthly, t pour the cream off thenmilk tbefore using it for tea. n.entet t t
l a il.ani.ente pour tea into the cup
Tenthly, l a il i.enteto exactly regulate thelaamount
.afirst i l.ai of milk. l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sas daadsas
a dsaas sas sas
w
. p.apdaada Lastly, tea should.wpbe.apdrunk without sugar to get

. p .apdaa
the exact flavour of the tea. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Controversies exist but the whole business of making and drinking tea is subtilized.
Mysterious social etiquette around teapots - subsidiary uses of tea leaves - telling fortunes - predicting the arrival of
t etet etet etet etet
l .ani.ente - feeding rabbits - healing
ailvisitors l ail.ani.nburns - sweeping the carpet.
l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n
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p
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21
t t t t t t t t t t
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Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
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n.entet etet
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lail.aniXII
etet
lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.2
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22saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
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12.01.1946 ai l.ani.nte ãuRukhdJ. áwªjlanjÚ®
m‹W i l.ani.entejahÇ¡f M®btš jU« l a il.ani11.enttÊKiwfŸ mâš l a il.ani.ente
ÉtÇ¡f¥g£LŸsd. l a il.ani.ente
sas dsaas sas sas sas
. p.apdaadaešy njÚU¡F KjÈš . p.apdaaeh« . p.apdaada . p.apdaada nt©L«. Ód .w p .apdaada e‹ik
w w w w ïªâa mšyJ w$y§fhÉ‹
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bfh©ltuhfnth Mtâšiy. ïu©lhtjhf njÚ® á¿a msÉš jahÇ¡f¥gl nt©L«. mJ Ód fËk© mšyJ
k£gh©l¤âš tet jahuhf nt©L«. _‹whtjhf t t ghš KjÈš Nlhf t
tnt©L«. eh‹fhtjhf njÚ® t tâlkhf ïU¡f nt©L«. t t
Iªjhtjhf,
a l a il.ani.entof£ofisnah, l
k°È‹
a ail.ani.eneJÂ¥ igfisnah a l a il.ani.ene
cgnah»¡f¡ TlhJ. l
bfhâ¡F«
a a il.ani.enenjÚiu ghâ¤JÉL«. a l a il.ani.ene
adsas adsas daadsas adsas adsas
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ïiyfis moÆš j§f¢ brŒa nt©L«. v£lhtjhf cUis tot nfh¥igÆš njÚ® mUªj nt©L«. j£il tot
nfh¥igfŸ rÇahf
t ïU¡fhJ. x‹gjhtjhf t t ghÈ‹ Vil Ú¡»É£Ljh‹ njÚÇš fy¡f nt©L«. g¤jhtjhf KjÈš
njÆiy l a ni.entenfh¥igÆš
il.aÚiu C‰¿É£L l a il.ani.enemj‹ ã‹dnu ghiy l a ni.entet nt©L«. Mdhšlaï§»yhªâš
il.aC‰w il.ani.ene
t t
ïij kh‰¿ l a
brŒa
t t
il.ani.ene
as as a s a s as
s.
asa asa adsa adsa asa
w pdad
.wp.ant©L« w wp.apdad
vd xU rhuh® .TW»‹wd®
w .wp.apda
vd MáÇa® F¿¥ãL»wh®. .wp.apda r®¡fiu nr®¡fhkš
filáahf, njÚiu
w w .apdadnt©L«.
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Úiu rÇahf bfhâ¡f it¤J cgnah»¥gJ«, ešy njÚiu Koî brŒí«.
ok
etet etet t t
il.ani.ene etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n sasl ail.ani.n SUMMARY OF s asl aPARAGRAPHS s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada aa aa aa ada
w .wp.apda w.wp.apdad w .
w p.apdad w.wp.apdadjÄHh¡f« w .wp.apda w.w
ww Textual
If you look up ‘tea’ in the first cookery book that comes to c§fŸ iffËš »il¡F« Kjš rikaš ò¤jf¤âš njÚ®
o
hand you will probably find that it is unmentioned;
t
entelines entet giveorno
at most you v‹W njodhš
e n
mJ ïU¡fhJ, t mšyJ áy nfho£l t
tet K¡»a rhuh«r§fŸ ni.ente ete
will findaial.an
s a sl few
i. of sketchy instructions
s asl i
ala.ni which
. ruling on
s asl i
ala.
F¿¥òfŸ, ni .
s asl ail.aïšyhkš ïU¡F«.
s asl ail.ani.n
several
dada of the most important points. dada dada dada dada
aa .p.apa .p.apa .p.apa .p.apa
w.wp.p
ab
This is curious,w w because tea is one of theww
wwonly
not w w w VbdÅš njÚ®, ïªj eh£o‹
w w ehfßf¤âš w.w
ww w main stays ww
ïJ Rthu°akhdJ, ww ww
of civilization in this country, as well as in Eire, Australia and New k‰W« ma® (ma®yhªJ), M°ânuÈah k‰W« Ãôáyhªâš
Zealand, but because the best manner of making it is the subject of K¡»a g§F t»¡»wJ. mij v¥go Ritahf jahÇ¥gJ
entet
violent disputes. entet v‹gJ t ÔÉu Éthj§fS¡F fskhf
entegy entet cŸsJ. entet
saaslail.ani.I look through my ownsarecipe
When aslail.anfor
i.
the perfect cup of tea,
s
a aslail.aniv‹Dila
eh‹
.
brhªj s as
KiwÆš
a lail.ani. njÚ® jahÇ¡f KašifÆš,
saaslail.ani.
adaad a
p.apdad
a
.apdadof gândhU jiyáwªj adaad a
p.apdad ïu©L
ur
w w.wp.pI find no fewer than eleven w

outstanding
w.w points. On perhaps
w w.wptwo w w.wp.pF¿¥òfis f©nl‹. w w.w
mâš w.w
w them there would be prettyw general agreement, but at least w four others bghJthf x¤J¥ngh»wJ,w k‰w eh‹F w ãu¢rid¡FÇaJ. ww
are acutely controversial. Here are my own eleven rules, every one ïâš cŸs v‹ gâbdhU F¿¥òfËš, x›bth‹W«
of which I regard as golden: bgh‹id¥ ngh‹wJ :
entet
ni. all, one should use Indian entet entet entet entet
• lail.aof
First lail.ani. Ceylonese tea. China KjÈš
or lail.ani. ïªâa mšyJ ányh‹ lail.ani.
njÆiy cgnah»¡fnt©L«. lail.ani.
.s
a s
a as a s
a as a s
a as a saas a s
a as
adad tea has virtues which are dadto be despised nowadays.p—
not
.wp.apdrink .apdaitdis Ód¤J njÚ® áwªj
.wp.apda
d
Fz§fis d
.w.apda nr®¡fhJ
cilaJ. pmt‰iw eh«
w w.wp.p economical, and one w wcan it without milk —w w wthere
but is btW¡f¡TlhJ. w wmJ á¡fdkhdJ, mijw wghš w.w
w w w w w ww
not much stimulation in it. One does not feel wiser, braver or mUªjyh« - Mdhš, mâš »s®¢á m›tsthf ïU¡fhJ.
more optimistic after drinking it. Anyone who has used that mij mUªâaã‹ xUt® ò¤ârhÈahfnth, åuuhfnth
w
comforting t tphrase ‘a nice cup of tea’ invariably

t t means Indian mšyJ t t
e«ã¡ifíŸstuhfnthete t
Mf ïayhJ. `xU áwªj t
e
.ni.n e e
.ni.n e en e
lail.ani. v‹gJ ïªâa njÚU¡nf .ni.n .ni.ente
aslaila
tea. aslaila asnjÚ®’ aslailabghUªJ«. aslaila
. p.a
p daadsaSecondly, tea should be.pmade
• a
. pdaadsin
a
small quantities — that
. p.apdaadinsa ïu©lhtjhf, njÚ®
is, . p.apdaadsmsîfËnyna
a
. p.a
p
adsa
dant©L«
ww ww ww ww áW jahÇ¡f
ww - w.w
ww wan ww army tea, mjhtJ njÚ®-ghidÆš.
ww ww njÚ® Rita‰W ww
w
a teapot. Tea outwof urn is always tasteless, while fya¤âš jahÇ¡F«

made in a cauldron, tastes of grease and whitewash. The teapot ïU¡F«. uhQt¤âš jahÇ¡F« njÚ®, cauldron v‹D«
should be made of china or earthenware. Silver or Britannia bgÇa ghidÆš jahÇ¡f¥gL«. mJ »ß° (grease) mšyJ
l a l ni.entet produce inferior tealaand
warei.ateapots i
l ntet pots are worse; btŸisao¤j
.ani.eenamel l a i
l .ani.ente
t (whitewash) thil
l a i
l
t
.ani.ente åR«. njÚ® jahÇ¡F« l a i
l .ani.ente
t
as
sthough sas teapot (a rarity nowadays)
curiously enough a pewter sasgh¤âu« Õ§fh‹ mšyJ sas k£gh©lkhf ïU¡fnt©L«. sas
w
. p.apdaadais not so bad. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada btŸË mšyJ btŸË . p.apdaadaKyh« ór¥g£l (Britannia . p.apdaada ware)
w w w w w w ww w w w w.w
ww ww ww gh¤âu§fËšwjahÇ¡f¥gL« njÚ® e‹whf wwïU¡fhJ. Mdhš ww
pewter (btŸça«, br«ò, m©obkhÅ M»a cnyhf
fyitahš brŒa¥g£l) gh¤âu¤âš Rkhuhf ïU¡F« (mJ
t t t t t t t t t t
i.ni.ene i.ni.ene i.ni.ene mÇJ).
»il¥gJ i.ni.ene i.ni.ene
•
d ad slala the pot should bedwarmed
saaThirdly, a
d
a
saaslalbeforehand. This is better
d a
d
ala
saasl_‹whtjhf, gh¤âu¤ijd a
d slala
saamL¥ãš it¤J d a
d
Nnl‰WtJjh‹saaslal
a
aa .apahob than by the usual method aa aa aa
w.wp.p done by placing itwon w.wpthe w.wp.p of rÇ. btªÚiu mâš w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww w
swilling it out with hot water.
ww ww C‰WtJ rÇašy. ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
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.
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ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a23
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww
Textual Paragraphs ww ww ww ww
• Fourthly, the tea should be strong. For a pot holding a quart, if eh‹fhtjhf, njÚ® Nlhf ïU¡fnt©L«. xU ghidÆ‹
you are going t to fill it nearly to the brim, sixt heaped teaspoons ÉË«òtiu t Úiu Ãu¥ã njÚ® tjahÇ¡f t Koî brŒjhš, tet
enteabout .ani.ente this is not an idea lmj‰F .ani.enteMW O°ó‹ msî njÆiy .ani.ene ïLtJ rÇahf ïU¡F«. e
s
would
asl ail.ani.be right. In a time oflarationing,
s as
il s as a i
l s asl a i
l s asl ail.ani.n
adaadathat can be realized on.wpevery a of the week, but I maintain
apdaadday ada nuõ‹ KiwÆš (j£L¥ghlhd
.wp.apdaAll f£L¥ghL) njÆiy apdaada bghU£fŸ ÉÃnahf¤âš ada
.apdathu¤â‰F
w w.wp.p that one strong cup w wof tea. is better than twenty weak w wones. w w.wp.ÉÃnah»¡f¥ w.wpxU
gL«nghJ,
w w.w
ww
m
w true tea lovers not w only like their tea strong, butwlike it a little ïªj msî wrÇglhJ. xU âlkhd njÚ®, w ïUgJ Rkhuhd
stronger with each year that passes — a fact which is recognized njÚU¡F <lhdJ. xU âlkhd njÚ® mUªJgt®fŸ, mij
in the extra
i.ani entet ration issued to old-agei.apensioners.
. ni entet
.
tUl¤â‰F
i .an
brš»‹wd®.i entet
.
tUl« mj‹ âl¤ij
ïJ, Kâa i .ani
xŒñânahU¡F
entet mâfÇ¤J¡bfh©nl
. TLjš nuõ‹
t t
il.ani.ene
ssa l a l ssa l a l a
ss l a l a
ss l a l a
ss l a
adaada adaada adaada tH§Ftâš ïUªJ bjÇ»wJ adaada ! adaada
co
w.wp.p• w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww ww wbe put straight into the pot.wNo
Fifthly, the tea should w wstrainers, Iªjhtjhf, njÆiy ww w neuoahf gh¤âu¤âš w
wwïl¥glnt©L«. ww
muslin bags or other devices to imprison the tea. In some fy¡»fnsh (strainers) k°È‹ JÂ¥igfnsh mšyJ ntW
countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under Vnjh x‹¿š njÆiyia âÂ¤njh gh¤âu¤âš ï£L
t t t t t t njÆiy FLitfËš t t
l a .ani.enteto catch the stray leaves,
the ispout
l l a .ani.ente are supposed to be lbfhâ¡fÉl¡TlhJ.
ilwhich ail.ani.ene TilfËš áy l a il.ani.ene ï£L
ehLfËš,
l a il.ani.ene
aharmful.
s Actually one can swallow
as tea-leaves in considerable a sbjh§F« a s
njÆiyia bfhâ¡fit¤J, a s
s.
w .wp.apda quantities without illw.effect,wp.apdadand if the tea is not loose w .apdathe
.wpin njÆiyia xJ¡f
w .wp.apdaga‹gL¤J»‹wd®. wïJ .wp.apdaÔ§fhdJ. w.w
ww pot it never infuses ww properly. ww njÆiyia w w
c©gJ Ô§fhfhJ. nkY« njÚ® ww FLitÆš, gut ww
ïlÄšyhJ njÚ® bfhâ¥gJ, njÆiy rÇahf bfhâ¡f ïl«
juhJ.
ok
etet tet
ni.enthe etet bf©oÆš (kettle)i.aïUªJetet etet
•
s as ail.ani.none should take the teapot
Sixthly,
l sasl ail.ato s sail.ani.n
kettle and not the alMwhtjhf,
s asl al ni.n Nlhd btªÚiu s aslail.ani.n
njÚ®
adaother way about. The water a be actually boiling at
adshould ada FLitÆš C‰wnt©L«.
the a a mjdhš, bf©o¡F adamU»š
w .wp.apda moment of impact, w .wp.apdameans that one should w
which .wp.apitdaon njÚ® FLitiaw.w
keep
p.apdad bršy
vL¤J¢ nt©L«.w .wp.apda
m¥nghJ jh‹ w.w
ww the flame whilew
w
one pours. Some people add that wwone should KG N£Ll‹ wwbtªÚiu FLitÆš C‰wKoí«. ww bf©oÆš
ww
only use water that has been freshly brought to the boil, but I bfhâ¡f¥gL« btªÚ®, KG N£Ll‹ mL¥ãš ïU¡fnt©L«.
a l
have never
etetnoticed that it makes any difference.
ail.ani.n a l
e
ail.ani.n
tet
o a
áy®,eòâa
l a
vd¡Fi
l
t ÚÇš jh‹ njÚ® jahÇ¡f
.ani.ntecl‹ghL ïšiy, VbdÅš
a l a i
l
nt©L«
t vd TWt®, mâšetet
.ani.ente mâš bgÇa É¤âahr«
a l ail.ani.n
s s s s s s s s s s
adaada adaada apdaada ïšiy. apdaada apdaada
w.wp.p w.wp.p
ab
.p. .p. .p. w.w
w w w w
• Seventhly, after making
ww w
the tea, one should stir it,wor better, give VHhtjhf, njÚ®
ww w
w w jahÇ¡ifÆš njÚ® wgh¤âu¤ij
w e‹whf
ww w ww
the pot a good shake, afterwards allowing the leaves to settle. fy¡fnt©L« mšyJ FY¡f nt©L«., m¥nghJjh‹
ïiyfŸt bfhâ¤jã‹ moÆš j§F«.
t t .ani.ente
t t t t t t
• a l a il.ani.eneone should drink out a
Eighthly, l
of a
a
ilgood breakfast cup — that a l a il.ani.ene
v£lhtjhf, njÚiu a l a
fhiyil.ani.eneczî¡Fã‹ mUªJ« al ail.ani.ene
adsas ss
aadanot the flat, shallow type.
ss
aada t£ltotKŸs, njÚ® adsas asas
.wp.apda is, the cylindrical type .wpof.apd
cup, .wp.apdThe .wp.apdanfh¥igÆš (breakfastwtea pdad- msÉš
.wp.acup
ur
w w w w w.w
ww breakfast cup holds ww more, and with the other kind wwone’s tea is bgÇa nfh¥igÆš ww Fo¡fnt©L«. wV‹ w v‹whš, mªj ww
always half cold before one has well started on it. nfh¥ig, Ãiwa njÚiu bfhŸS« msîŸsJ. j£ilahd
nfh¥igfËš Fo¡f¡TlhJ. j£ilahd nfh¥igfËš
t t t t et Fo¡f¤ bjhl§FK‹ng
n.entnjÚ®, n.entet ghâ M¿ÉL«. n.entet
il.ani.ene il.ani.ene ail.ai
cŸs
.i
aslaila Eiuia Éy¡»É£Ljh‹ i.ai
la l a saaslx‹gjhtjhf, saaslal
.s
• ad as
saNinthly, one should pour the ad aas
scream off the milk before using
ad ghÈš a
d scŸs
a a
d
a d
a da
.wp.acreamy apda a d
a d
a
.ap ãR btd
w.wp.p it for tea. Milk thatwiswtoo p w.wp.taste.
always gives tea awsickly njÚÇš C‰w w w.wp.p ïšyhÉ£lhš, njÚ®
nt©L«, w.wpãR, w.w
ww w w w
kh¿ÉL«. ww ww
• Tenthly, one should pour tea into the cup first. This is one of g¤jhtjhf, njÆiy Úiu¤jh‹ KjÈš nfh¥igÆš
w
the most t t t t etet ntet etet

il.ani.enecontroversial points of all;nindeed
il.ai.ene of in every family C‰wnt©L«, ãwFjh‹ ghiyn.e C‰wnt©L«. ï§»yhªâš
s in
asl aBritain there are probably stwo
asl aschools thought on thes asl ail.ani.nx›bthU FL«g¤â‰F«
cŸs s asl ail.ai ïâš khWg£l fU¤J¡fŸs asl ail.ani.n
ada aa aa daada C‰wnt©L« vd aa
w .wp.apda subject. The milk-first w .apdad can bring forward some
.wpschool w pdad cŸsd. ghiy jh‹
.wp.afairly w .wp.apKjÈš w pdad TWt®.
.wp.aáy® w.w
ww strong arguments, ww but I maintain that my own ww argument v‹fU¤J, wnjÆiy w Úiu¤jh‹ KjÈš ww C‰wnt©L« ww
w
is unanswerable. This is that, by putting the tea in first and v‹gJjh‹ rÇ. VbdÅš, njÆiy Ú® cŸs nfh¥igÆš,
stirring as one pours, one can exactly regulate the amount of ghiy á¿J á¿jhf C‰Wtjhš, rÇahd msÉš njÚ®
t one is liable to put in too tet milk if one does cUthF«. tet V‰fdnt C‰w¥g£l tet njÆiy Ú® fyªjhš t
milk n
itl a
theil i.ente way
.awhereas
other round. l a i
l.ani.enmuch l a
njÚ®i
l .ani.enm›tsî áw¥ghf l a
ïU¡fhJ. i
l.ani.enghÈš, l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
w
adaada ada
.wp.apisdadrinking it In the Russian
ada
p.apda— .ap daada .ap njÚÇ‹ daada
w w.wp.p• Lastly, tea — unless
wwone w w.wstyle filáahf, uZa
w w.wpKiwÆš njÚ® Fo¤jhš
w w.wpjh‹ w.w
w w without sugar. I know very well
should be drunk w that I am in w
c©ikahd Rit bjÇí« (r®¡fiu fy¡fhj njÚ®. mªj w ww
a minority here. But still, how can you call yourself a true tea KiwÆš ï§»yhªâš Fiwthdtnu mUªJ»‹wd®. mnj
lover if tyou
et destroy the flavour of yourt tea
et inbypepper
putting sugar nghyjh‹, njÚÇš c¥ò, ÄsFöŸt ngh‹wt‰iw ïLtJ. t
in it?
i .
a ni enwould
.
It be equally reasonable i.anto
i enput
. or salt. i .
njÚÇš
a ni entetr®¡fiu fyªjhš, r®¡fiuÆ‹
. t
il.ani.ene Ritjh‹ bjÇínk
t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a l a l ala l a l a a l a
adsasIf you sweeten it, you are s tasting the tea, youdare
adsalonger
dano asasjÉu, njÚÇ‹ RitabjÇahJ. adsas ïJ r®¡fiu fyªJ sas
adFo¡F«
w .wp.apda merely tasting the sugar; w .wp.apyou could make a very similar w pad midtU¡F« bghUªJ«.
.wp.adrink w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w.w
ww by dissolving sugar ww in plain hot water. ww ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.2n
24saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s s
ada asl Std  SmartsEnglish
a
ada sl s
ada asl
ww ww
Some people would answer that they don’t like tea in itself, áy® jk¡F njÚnu ão¡fhJ vdî« j«ik c‰rhfkhfî«,
that they onlytedrinkt it in order to be warmed and stimulated, and NlhftexU t ghd« mUªjînk nr®¡fiu t RitnahL, njÚiu
they need
l ail i.en to take the taste away.laTo
.ansugar i
l .entet misguided people lFo¥gjhf
.anithose a i
l .ani.en T¿¡bfhŸt®. lïJî« ail.ai.ente rÇašy. xU gâidªJ l a i
l .ani.ente
t
p. dsaas say: Try drinking ptea.apdwithout

apdIaawould
sas
aada sugar for, say, a fortnight p.
sas
apdaada eh£fŸ njÚÇš r®¡fiu p.
saas
apdaadnr®¡fhkš mUªâ ghU§fŸ
p.
sas
apdaada! ãwF
.
w
w and it is very unlikely w that.w
w you will ever want to ruinwyour .
w
w tea by v¥nghJ« r®¡fiu .
w
w nr®¤J njÚ® mUªj kh£O®fŸ!! w .
w w.w
ww ww ww ww
m
sweetening it again. w w
These are not the only controversial points to arise in ïit njÚ® r«gªjkhd ãu¢id¡FÇa F¿¥òfŸ k£Lkšy,
connexion
a ntet tea drinking, but they
il.ani.ewith ailbecome.
t
.entesufficient
.aniare to show Mdhš
a
t t
il.ani.ene v›tsî kâE£gkhf
a
tet njÆiy Éahghu«
il.ani.enïªj a
t t
il.ani.ene
how a
ss l
subtilized the whole business a l
has There is also the a l
M»É£lJ v‹gij a
g‰¿í«jh‹.l njÚ®nfh¥igia a l
it¡F«
aada asas adsas adsas adsas
co
w.wp.apdmysterious social etiquette
w pdad
.wp.asurrounding the teapot (why
w .wp.apisdait rhrÇš (j£Lngh‹w w .wp.apdaFÊthd gh¤âu«) wnjÚiu .wp.apda C‰¿ w.w
ww considered vulgar towdrink w out of your saucer, for instance?) ww and Fo¡f¡TlhJ. wwnjÆiyfis it¤J, mâ®Zl¤ij ww TWtJ, ww
much might be written about the subsidiary uses of tea leaves, ÉUªâd® tUifia fÂ¥gJ ngh‹w e«ã¡iffS«,
such as telling fortunes, predicting the arrival of visitors, feeding KašfS¡F c©z bfhL¥gJ, fha§fis Fzkh¡FtJ,
rabbits, healing
l a ni.entetburns and sweeping the
il.ato l a ni.entet It is worth paying lÉÇ¥òfis
il.acarpet. a
t t R¤j« brŒtJ M»aití«
il.ani.ene xUtU¡F l a
t t
il.ani.ene bfh©L
ït‰¿š ml§F«.
l a
t t
il.ani.ene
attention
a s such details as warming asthe pot and using water that asMdhš, nuõ‹ amsit¡
s mË¡f¥gL«,a s
s.
adsa s
aada sure of wringing out.of daadsa njÆiyÆš ïu©L s
aada adsa
w .wp.apdisa really boiling, so as towmake .wp.apdquite w wp.apone’s w .wp.apdmî‹° msîŸs, jukhd
w .wp.apda ïUgJ w.w
ww ration the twenty good, ww strong cups of that two ounces, ww properly nfh¥ig njÚ® wwjahÇ¥gnj mid¤âY«wáwªjjhf w ïU¡F«. ww
handled, ought to represent.
ok
s asl ail.ani.n lossary saslail.ani.n
G s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww cauldron w- w a big pot used for boiling,
ww Úiu bfhâ¡f it¡F« ww bgÇa ghid ww ww
dangling - hanging freely, suspended, bjh§Fjš o
etiquette
.ani.ente
t - socially acceptable
.ani.ente behaviour, rKjha«
t tet
.ani.enx¥ò¡bfh©l tH¡f§fŸ
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a i
l la i
l l a i
l l a i
l l a i
l
sas hob - flatdtop sapart
s of a cooking stove,damL¥ã‹sas sas sas
apdaada apaada apada apdaada apdaada
j£ilahd nkšgFâ
ab
.wp. pewter .wp. .
w p. .
wp. .
w p. w.w
w- w a grey alloy of tin withwcopper
ww and antimony, jfu«
w w w k‰W« m‹obkhÅwM»a
, br«ò w cnyhf§fŸ
ww ww w ww
nr®ªj rh«gš Ãw gh¤âu«
quart t t - a unit of liquid capacity,
t âut« ms¡F« msî
t t t t t
l a i
l .
ani ene
.
rationing - restricting
l a .ente consumption oflail.ani.enscarce
il.anithe
te
commodity l ail.ani.ene war, nghÇ‹ alnghJ
during ail.ani.ene
a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas adsas
ada ada ada ada ada
ur
f£L¥gL¤j¥g£l msÉš ÉÅnah»¡f¥gL« j£L¥ghlhd bghUŸ

w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w.w
w spout w- the pipe-like opening
w in a teapot through which
w tea is poured out, njÚ® w
gh¤âu¤â‹ Kf¥ãš ww
FHhŒ nghš cŸs mik¥ò (mj‹ tÊna njÚ® btËtU«)
stimulation -
t t excitement,.nc‰rhf« t t t t t t t t
la il.ani.ene l a ilai.ene la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a a a a a
a daadsa swilling
s - wash
a daador
sa rinse by pouring largedamounts
s s
aada
s
a
of water, Ãiwa d s s
aada Úiu C‰¿ myRjš
msÉš
a daadsa s
a
w.wp.p Words ww w
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p Antonyms (vâ®¢brhš)
w.wp.p w.w
ww ww w
Synonyms (ïiz¢brhš) ww ww ww
considerable significant (fÂrkhd) insignificant (m‰gkhd, Fiwªj)
w
t t
controversial arguable, disputable t t(thâl¡Toa ãu¢rid¡FÇa) t t agreeable (V‰W¡n.e t t
bfhŸs¤j¡f) t t
a l il.ani.ene
acurious a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ai ne a l a il.ani.ene
s
ada s interestings s
ada (M®tKŸs) s
ada s uninterestings s
a a (M®tÄšyhkš) adaada s s
.wp.apda .wp.apda freely, suspended (bjh§Fjš) .wp.apda pdad
.wp.a(Mlhkš, w.wp.p w.w
w dangling whanging w rigid
w mirahkš,
ww ww ww ww wwâlkhf) ww
w
despised hated, disliked (btW¤jš) loved, liked (neá¤jš)

etiquettet t acceptable behaviour t t (V‰W¡bfhŸs¤j¡f Fz«) t t misbehaviour (V‰W¡bfhŸs¤jfhjt t Fz«) t t
il.ani.ene i.ene
ail.an(K‹dhš
ee
ail.ani.n aslaila
.ni.ene ia .ni.ene
asl aforward move towards
asl bfh©L tUjš)
asl backward s(ã‹D¡F jŸSjš) saaslal
w
s s s
adaada invariably ada
.wp.apda (v¥nghJ« kh‰wÄšyh) adaada aa d a
d a d
aa a
d
w w.wp.p wwalways w w.wp.p w.wp.p(xUnghJ« ïšyhj)ww.wp.p
never w.w
w liable
w likely (ÃfH¢ brŒayh«) w wwunlikely (rh¤âak‰wjh¡fyh«) w ww
minority the smaller number (áWgh‹ik) majority (bgU«gh‹ik)
t t t t t t entet entet
a il.ani.ene
lamysterious
incomprehensible
a l a il.ani.ene(k®kkhd, òÇªJbfhŸs a la il.ani.ene lail.ani.
transparent (bjËthd) lail.ani.
a daadsas fodkhd)
a daadsas a daadsas a daadsaas a daadsaas
p
w.w . p p
.w . p . p. p p
w.w . p p
w.w .p w.w
ww optimistic wwwpositive, hopeful (ešywv©z« ww w bfh©l cjî«wwpessimistic ww
(e«ã¡ifa‰w) ww
v©z« bfh©l)
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a25
ada ada ada ada ada
ww Words ww Synonyms (ïiz¢brhš)
ww ww Antonyms (vâ®¢brhš)
ww ww
predicting anticipating (fÂ¤jš / vâ®gh®¤jš) ignore (fÂ¡fKoahj)
reasonable t agreeable (Ãahakhd) t t unreasonable (Ãahak‰w) t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
sas ruin destroyas(mÊ¤jš
as / bfL¤jš) sas create (c©lh¡Fjš)
dsaas sas
. p.apdaada subsidiary . p.apdada . p.apdaada . p.apdaa . p.apdaada
w w wsupplementary
w (Jiz) w w original
w w / capital (brÊ¤J w w
ts®¤jš w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
m
subtilized refined (nr®¡if ne®¤âÆš öŒikahŒ) unrefined (jhWkhwhŒ)
unanswerable unexplainable (gâyË¡fhâU¤jš) answerable (gâyË¤jš)
i . ni entet
. i . ni .entet i . ni entet
. t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a l aviolent
l a rough / destructive
a l a l a (ÔÉu«, Ku£L¤jd«) a l a l a gentle / calm a l a
(bk‹ikahd) a l a
adsas virtues adsas daadsas asas adsas
co
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda qualities (kâ¡f¤j¡f
admirable
w .wp.apg©òfŸ ne®ik/ vices
w pdad Fz§fŸ, fs§f«)
.wp.a(jhHªj w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww e‰Fz§fŸ) ww ww ww ww
worth value (kâ¥ò) worthless (kâ¥g‰w)
i.ai n.entet
wringing extremely wet n
i.ai .entetÄFªj)
(<u«
i.ai i.ai n.enteti.ai
extremely dry (Äfî« n.entet cy®ªj) n.entet
s.
a daad a d
a a
d d
a a
d d
a a
d daad
w.wp.p w.wp.p of the underlined
A. Find out the synonym p.ap in each of the following
w.w
word
a a
w.wp.p sentences. ww.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww ww w ww
1. But because the best manner of making it is the subject of violent disputes.
ok
(a) agreements
t (b) applauses t (c) conflicts t (d) discussions n.entet [Ans: (c) conflicts] etet
l ai l.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a i
l .ai l ail.ani.n
s
ada 2.
as ... tea is one of the mainstays
s
adaas of civilization inaa the
s as country. s
ada as s
ada as
w .wp.apda (a) a societywin .apdaadvanced
.wpan state of social
w pdad
.wp.adevelopment w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
(b) a society that has slow progress
(c)t at society that has no progress
l a il.ani.enea society in an average
(c) l a il
o
.anstate
t
i.ente of social development l a il.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas sas saas a
daadsas state of social.pdevelopment] sas
apdaada apdaada apdaa[dAns: (a) a society in an apadvanced apdaada
ab
w .wp. w .wp . .wp. .wp. w . w.w
ww ww only drink it in order towbe ww ww
w
ww
w
ww
3. ... that they warmed and stimulated. (March 2020)
(a) motivated (b) discouraged (c) passive (d) admired [Ans: (a) motivated]
te t te t te t tet t t
4.
a l a n e
il.ai.... under the spout to acatch
n
l a n e
il.ai.the stray leaves.
n
a l a n
il.ai. en
a l a n
il.ai. en
a l ail.ani.ene
adsas (a) fresh adsas adsas adsas asas
.wp.apda .wp.apda(b) loose (c) gathered
.wp.apda (d) harmful
.wp.apda .apdad(b) loose]
.[wpAns:
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww 5. One is liable ww to put in too much milk. ww ww ww (PTA-3) ww
(a) likely (b) certain (c) eager (d) unlikely [Ans: (a) likely]
entet ntet
il.ani.eunderlined
tet
il.ani.enof
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
lail.ani.out the antonym sof
B. asaaFind l athe word in l a
each the following a
sentences.
l l a
.s
s a s asa as asa as a
adsa s
d
.wp.apda 1. ... which arewnot daada
.wp.apto . p.apdad . p.apdad .wp.apda
w be despised. ww w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww
(a) hated (b) liked (c) respected (d) defeated [Ans: (b) liked]
w
2. nOne .entet does not feel wise,labraver t more optimistic. n.entet

t or etet t t
l ail.ai(a) il.ani.ene l ail.ai l ail.ani.n alal i.ani.ene
s
ada as opportunistic (b)
s
ada acheerful
s (c) realistic
s
ada as (d) pessimistics
ada as [Ans: (d) pessimistic]
dadsas
w .wp.apda 3. Not the flat,wshallow .wp.apda type ... w .wp.apda w .wp.apda aa
w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
(a) narrow (b) wide (c) deep (d) direct [Ans: (c) deep]
4. nPredicting t the arrival of visitors t .... t t t
l a il.ai.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas (a) journey (b)
sasdeparture (c) migrationsas (d) perusal sas [Ans: (b)ddeparture]
sas
w
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apaada

w w w w w w.w
5. ...but they wware sufficient to show how wwsubtilized the whole business ww has become.
w w w w w
ww ww ww
(a) enough (b) suffocative (c) inadequate (d) submissive [Ans: (c) inadequate]
t t t t t t t t t t
ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .netet
lail.aniXII lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.2
etet
26saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p w.w
ww ww T w w
extual Q w
uestionsw ww ww
1. Basedenton t your understandingn.eof the

t text, answer eachn.eof the
t following questions int one or two sentences. t
l ail.ani. e l a i
l .ai nte l a i
l .ai nte l ail.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
saa.
s What seems ‘curious’ sas to the author? sas sas sas
w.w
ww one of the mainstays ofwcivilization
Tea is in Britain and w
w the best manner of making wwit is the subject of
w w w w ww w w w w w
ww ww
m
violent disputes. This seems curious to the author.
mainstays
t - K¡»akhditfshf, civilization - ehfÇf«, violent disputes - t t‹Kiw r®¢irfŸ, t
i.ani entecurious
. - M®tkhf i .ani entet
. i .
a ni entet
. t
il.ani.ene
t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a a l a
adsas daadsas say that it is important adsas dsas adsas
co
.wp.apda b. Why doeswthe .wp.apauthor .wp.apda to include tea recipe daacookery
.wp.apin books? .wp.apda
w w w w w.w
ww ww
The author says that it is important ww to include tea recipewin w cookery books because wwmost of the people ww
don’t know the outstanding points to be followed while preparing tea.
t t i.ente
t t t tea - njÚ® .ni.entet t t
a l a il.ani.enecookery books - rikaš a l a il.anò¤jf§fŸ, outstanding - Kj‹ikahd,
a l ail.ani.ene a l a ila a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
adsa asa in which tea is a apart adsa adsa adsa
w .wp.apda c. Mention the w .wpcountries
.apdad w .wp.pda of civilization. w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww w a part of civilization inwBritain,
Teawis w Eire, Australia andwNew w Zealand. civilizationw-wehfÇf« ww
d. Which tea does the author prefer- China tea or Indian tea?
ok
etet The author prefers Indian etet tea. etet etet etet
adae. According to the adauthor,
a what does the aphrase
ada ‘a nice cup of tea’ arefer adato? aa
w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.pda w .
w p.apdad w.w
ww According
ww to the author, the phrase ww ‘a nice cup of tea’ refers ww to ‘Indian tea’. phrase -wbrh‰bwhl®
w ww
f. What is the second golden rule in the preparation of tea?
o
.ani.ente The second gold rule .aniin
.entthe
et preparation of tea is .anto
i.entmake .ani.entein a teapot made oflachina
et tea in small quantities
t t t
l a i
l la i
l l a i
l l a i
l i
l .ani.ente
a
dadsas or earthenware.dadteapot
saas - njÚ® ghid, earthenware a
dadsas - k£gh©l«
a
dadsas
a
dadsas
aa .wp.apa .wp.apa .wp.apa aa
w.wp.p w.wp.p
ab
g. How doesw w w w.w
ww ww army tea taste? ww ww ww ww
Army tea, made in a cauldron, tastes of grease and whitewash.
t t cauldron - bfh¥giu, whitewash
t t - btŸisao¤jš t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene
adsas asas like strong tea oradweak adsas tea? adsas adsas
.wp.apda h. Do tea lovers pdad
.wp.agenerally .wp.pa .wp.apda .wp.apda
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww w
Teawlovers generally love strong wwtea. They like it a little stronger
ww w
with each year thatwpasses. ww
generally - bghJthf, stronger - tYthd
etet
i. lail.ani.nWhy should tea beadirectly
t t t t
il.ani.eneadded to the pot?alail.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
l a l a l a
.s
a
adsa s sa s s s a
asas a
adsa s
.wp.apda Tea should daaddirectly
.wp.apbe added to the .w
pot aada if the tea is not.loose
p.apdbecause p.apdadin the pot, it never w .wp.apda properly.
infuses
w w w w w w.w
ww ww - c£òfhJ, CwhJ, properly
Infuses ww - xG§fhf ww ww ww
w
j. Whyt does the author prefer the cylindrical cup to a flat t cup?
l a i
l .ani.ente The cylindrical cup l ail .entet more, whereas the
.aniholds l a i
l .ani.enteshallow cup makeslatea
flat, il.ani.en
tet
always half cold before l ni.entet
ail.aone
s
ada as s
aa as s
ada as s
ada as s
ada as
w .wp.apda starts on it.w.w .apdad
pcylindrical- cUis tot,wshallow.wp.apda - MHÄšyhj w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
k. What should be poured into the cup first- tea or milk?

Tea should be poured first into the cup, as one cantexactly regulate the amount of milk to be poured in it.t t
i.ani. entet i.ani.entet i.ani. enet i.ani. entet ene i.ani.
pour - C‰Wjš
w
aadad aadad aadad aad a

d aad a
d
w.wp.p l. Why does w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww ww the author advise removing
ww cream from the milk? ww ww ww
The author advises us to remove cream from the milk, as the milk, that is too creamy, gives a sickly taste.
i .
a ni entet removing - Ú¡Fjš,i.ansickly
. i entet taste - ÉU«g¤jfhji.aRit
. ni.entet t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a l a l a la l a l a a l a
adsam.
s Does the author like
apdaada
s sdrinking tea with sugar? s sGive reasons.
apdaada
ss
apdaada
s (PTA-4)
apdaada
s
.wp.apda No, the . p. . p. . p. . p. w.w
ww author does not like drinking tea with sugar because
ww the flavour of the tea iswdestroyed by putting
w w w w w w w w w
ww ww w ww
sugar in it. flavour - eWkz¢Rit
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a27
ada daada aa aa ada
w .wp.apda n. Why doeswthe .wp.apauthor refer to himself
w p.apdadin ‘a minority’? w.wp.apdad
.w
being w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
The author refers to himself being in a minority in drinking tea without sugar because most of the people
prefer
tet tea with sugar. minority tet - áWgh‹ik, prefer.n-i.eÉU«ò»‹wd®
ail.ani e
. n a i
l .
a ni e
. n a i
l a ntet ail.ani.ente
t
a i
l .ani.ente
t
sl
sao. Whom does thedaauthor l
sas call ‘misguided people’? l
sas What is his advicedto asl
sthem? sasl
. p.apdaada . p.apada . p.apdaada . p.apaada . p.apdaada
People, ww to be warmed and stimulated, w.w
ww who only drink tea inworder need sugar to take wwthe taste away. The
w w w w w w w w w
ww ww ww
m
author calls these people as ‘misguided ones’. He advises them to drink tea without sugar for a fortnight and
after that, they would never want to ruin their tea by sweetening it.
t t tet ntet t t t t
a l a il.ani.enewarmed - bt¥gkilí«, a l ail.ani.enstimulated - ö©l¥g£l, a l a il.ani.emisguided - jtwhd tÊfh£Ljš
co
w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww 2. Based on your wwunderstanding of the text, ww answer each of the following ww questions in four wwor five sentences. ww
a. What are the author’s views on China tea? (PTA-2)
t t t t t t t t ni.entet
a l a il.ani.en China tea has good
e
a l a il.abeneficial
ni.en e qualities, whichi.anare
a l a l i.en not to be hated nowadays.
e
a l a il.ani.en It is also economical
e
a l a il.aand
s s s s s
s.
adsa we drink it without asamilk. But there is not a muchasastimulation in it. Oneadoes asa not feel wiser, braveraor sa
aoptimistic
w .wp.apda w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.pdad w .
w p.pdad w .
w p.pdad w.w
ww after drinking
ww it. beneficial - cgnahfkhd,
ww economical - á¡fdkhd ww ww ww
b. How does adding sugar affect the taste of tea? (QY. 19)
ok
etet If we sweeten tea, we tet no longer tasting the.nitea.
eare etetBut we would be tasting t sugar. We could make
etethe etet
a l ail.ani.n a l ail.ani.n a l aila .n a l ail.ani.n a lail.ani.n
s
ada s a very similar drinkadaby dissolving sugar in
s s plain
ada hot water. sweetena-dïÅ¥gh¡Fjš,
s s s
ada s s
dissolving -dafiujš
ada s
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.pa w .wp.ap w.w
ww c. Elucidate
wwthe author’s ideas about wwteapots. ww ww ww
The author insists that the teapot should be made of China or earthenware. Tea out of an urn is always
o
tasteless.
t Silver or Britannia ware
t teapots produce inferior t tea. Enamel pots aren.worse, t but the pewter teapot t
l a i
l .ani.enistenot so bad. la i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .aiente l a i
l .ani.ente
teapot
adsaas- njÚ® gh©l«, urn - afyr«,
ada adsaas ada ada ada dsaas pewter - jfu«, br«ò, as
adsam©obkhÂ adsaas
fyªj cnyhf«
ada
ab
w w w w w w.w
w w of the following questions
3. Answer each w in a paragraph of 100-150
w words. w ww
a. Summarise George Orwell’s distinctive ideas in “A Nice Cup of Tea”. (PTA-1, 3, 5 & 6; March & Sep. 2020))
t t ntet t t tet t t
a l a il.ani.ene ‘A Nice Cup of Tea’a l a .ani.eGeorge
ilby Orwell is a discussion
a l a il.ani.ene of the craft of making
a l ail.ania.encup of tea. The author a l ail.ani.ene
gives
adsas eleven golden asas
rules adsas to insist on using an adsas sas wiser,
daadfeel
.wp.apda .wp.apdad to prepare tea. First, .wphe begins
.apda .wp.apdaIndian or CeylonesewTea, .wp.apto
ur
w w
w more optimistic. Teawshould
braver wand w be made in small wquantities w in a China or earthenware. The pot w.w
ww w w ww ww
should be warmed beforehand. Tea should always be strong and it should be put straight into the teapot. We
should take the teapot to the kettle and after making tea, one should stir it well. Tea should be drunk out oftet
n entet n entet n entet n entet .en
la i
l.a i. a cylindrical type of cup,
l a i
l .
a i .
as it holds more tea. Milk
la i
l .
a i .
that is too creamy alwaysl a i
l .
a i .
gives the lail.aniSo
tea, a sicklystaste.
.s
a s
a as a s
a as a s
a as a s
a as a a
a s
adad we should pour d cream off the milk.pNext,
adathe adad one should pour tea.wpinto adadthe cup first. Lastly, .w dad that we
heasays
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.w.p w w .p w w p.p w.w
w shouldwdrink tea without sugar. These w are the controversial points w to arise in connection w with tea drinking. ww
making - jahÇ¤jš, optimistic - e«ã¡if, beforehand - K‹djhfnt, cylindrical - cUis tot,
w
t
etecontroversial - r®¢ir¡FÇa, t - vG»‹wd
etearise etet etet etet
ada ada reveals the factual ada daada daada
w .wp.apda b. Discuss how w .wpthe
.apdaessay w .wp.apdapoints and the author’sw .wp.appersonal opinions on the
w .wp.appreparation w.w
ww of tea.ww ww ww ww ww
w
If we look into a cookery book for the preparation of tea, it would not be mentioned there. We can find
at the
t most, only a few lines oft sketchy instructions,nwhich t gives no importance on tseveral important points. t
a il.ani.ente a i l.ani.ente a i
l .ai.ente a il.ani.ente a il.ani.ente
sasl The best manner aofsaamaking
l it is the subject aofsaaviolent
l disputes. So theaauthora gives his personal opinion
l sas on
l
d s dad s rules, every one.p dadsas he regards as golden.The
w
. p.apdaada the preparation

. p.apdaof tea. He gives his own
. p.apeleven ofapwhich
. . p.apdaada public
ww wwagrees two of these rules,
generally wwbut at least four others are wwacutely controversial. ‘What wwshould be poured ww
first in the cup’ has become a subject of controversial points. George Orwell says that one should pour tea first
t t ntetpeople prefer to addailsugar t t add pepper or salt ton.it. t t
l a il.ani.eninethe cup. While most l a ilof the
.ani.e l .ani.ente in the tea, the author l a il.asays
ni.enteto l a il.aiene
a
dadsas If we drink tea without
dadsas sugar for a fortnight,
a
dadwe
saswould never ruin thedtea
a adsaby
as sweetening it again.dadsas a
aa p.apa p.apa p.apa p.apa
w.wp.p mentioned w.w w.w - m¿îW¤jšfŸ, importance
w.w - K¡»a¤Jt«, violent
w.w - t‹Kiw, w.w
ww ww - F¿¥ã£LŸs, instructions
ww ww ww ww
preparation - jahÇ¥ò
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.2n
28saslail.ai
ada s
aa asl Sura’s s asl Std  SmartsEnglish
a sl s asl
.wp.apda c. pdad that contribute
.wp.aaspects daada
p.aphumour
.to .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w What are the
w w w in the essay?w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
One of the most influential statements of British ‘Way of Tea’ is George Orwell’s essay “A Nice Cup of
n e
.
Tea”.
ntet It was written at a .time, n e
. ntetwhen tea was in short n e
. ntet against the backdrop
supply,
n e
.ntetof severe food shortages ni.entet
l ai l.a i across Europe. There’s l asomething
il a i sentimental, but
l a il.aalso
i ironic about his title.
l a il.aThis
i was a time when tea
l a i
l .awas
sas dsaas a
daadsaasweekly ration, but.pvery saas sas
. p.apdaada widely available,
. p.apdaaas every adult in Britain . p.aphad apdaadlittle
. of it was nice. In . p apdaada
mock-serious
.
w w w
ww essay gives us anweleven-point ww w w w w w w.w
ww tones, w
Orwell’s guide to teaww making in mid-twentieth-century ww England. ww
m
Orwell’s bitter experience in the army, makes him to criticize the army tea as tasting of grease and whitewash.
There
tet are some points of differences
ntet in his eleven rules. tet But we should appreciate entet him for writing it iwith t
l a il.ani.engreat spirit and whateverl a il.ani.edifference holds in a
making
l il.ani.entea in different cultures,
l a il.ani.tea lovers just love to a
have
l l.ani.enate
a
ss asas a ssa ssa a
ss
adaada adaada adaada adaada
co
w.wp.p great cup of
w.w p.apdad
tea. w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
influential - bršth¡F, backdrop - ã‹dÂ, shortages - g‰wh¡Fiw, mid-twentieth century - ïUgjh«
ü‰wh©o‹ k¤âÆš, criticize - Ék®á¡f, whitewash - btŸisao¤jš, differences - ntWghLfŸ,
etet t
i.ente - fyh¢rhu§fŸ ail.ani.ente
t etet etet
ala ail.ani.nappreciate - ghuh£Ljš,
ala ail.anculturesala ala ail.ani.n ala ail.ani.n
daadsas daadsas daadsas daadsas daadsas
s.
. p.ap . p.ap . p.ap . p.ap . p.a
p
w w 4. Based on yourww w.w
w understanding of thewtext,
ww wcomplete the chart
wwgiven below by choosing
ww the appropriate
w ww ww
ww ww
words or phrases given in brackets.
ok
etet etet Golden Rules ofi.aTea etePreparation
t etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n sasl ail.ani.n s asl al ni.n s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada aa ada ada ada
w .wp.apda (add sugar, shaken, w .apdad infused properly,wstrainers,
.wpmilk, .wp.apda without cream,wtaken .wp.apdato the kettle, small quantities,
w .wp.apda China w.w
ww or earthenware,ww stirred, warmed) ww ww ww ww
Tea should be made in small quantities in a teapot.
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
la i
l .
ani e
.ntet
o l a i
l .
a ni e
. ntet
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas sas a
daadsas sas sas
apdaada apdaada The teapot should apbe apdaada apdaada
ab
w.wp. w.wp. w .
w p. made of China or earthenware.
w .
wp. w .
w p. w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t The pot should be warmed beforehand.

il.ani.ene i .
a ni entet
. i .
a ni entet
. t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a a l a l a l a l a l a a l a
adsas adsas asas adsas adsas
.wp.apda .wp.apda pdad not have strainers.
.wp.ashould .wp.apda .wp.apda
ur
w w Thewpot w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t
il.ani.ene
While epouring
ntet entet be taken to the kettle.
water, the teapot should entet t t
il.ani.ene
la lail.ani. lail.ani. lail.ani. l a
.s
a
adsa s a s
a as a saas a s
a as a
adsa s
.wp.apda adad d adad
.wp.apdashould be infused properly. .wp.apda
w w.wp.p The tea leaves
w w.wp.p w w.w
ww w w w w w w ww ww
w
etet
ail.ani.n .i n.entet tea, it should be stirred
After making
.i
t the pot should be shaken.
n.enteor .i n.entet etet
ail.ani.n
s
ada asl
a
dsaaslaila ads
a aslaila adsaaslaila s
ada asl
w .wp.apda ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww wwfor the tea should be without
The milk ww cream. ww ww
w
.ani.ente
t
.ani.enteThe author does notlalike
t teadd
.ani.ento
t sugar to tea.
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a i
l la i
l i
l l a i
l l a i
l
sas sas sas sas sas
w

ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
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ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a29
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Vocabulary
c. Filli.an et boxes supplying ithe
ini.entthe et
.ani.entcorrect .entet one has been done
answers. Thei.anifirst i .entetyou.
.anifor i .ani.ente
t
sasl a l sasl a l sasl a l sasl a l sasl a l
. p.apdaada S. Word with meaning . p.apdaadaand part . p.apdaada Noun/Verb/
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww wwof speech wwSentence ww Sentence
ww ww
m
No Adj. form
1. Word : wise My brother is wise. wisdom (n) My brother tshowed great wisdom in t
tet entet entet t t
a l a i
l.ani enmeaning
. : clever
a l ail.ani .
a l a i
l .
a ni . business
a l a il.ani..ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas sas adsas adsas adsas
co
part of speech a: daadadjective
w.wp.apda w .wp.p w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww 2. Word ww : harm w animals
Don’twharm ww(adj) Smoking is harmful
harmful wwto our health. ww
meaning : hurt
part
tet of speech : verb t t t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.en a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s
adsa 3. Word s
: dadstimulate Strong tea stimulates
adsa us. stimulation (n)adaaElectric
s s stimulation can help s
adinsahealing
s.
s dsa
.wp.apda a a
.wp.ap: refresh .wp.apda .wp.p fractured bones. .wp.apda
w meaning w w w w w.w
ww part of w
w
speech : verb ww ww ww ww
4. Word : argue t children always argue
teThe targument (n) His argumentt was logical.
ok
e ntet e n e n e t ete etet
s asl .
aila ni . meaning : quarrel
sasl .
aila ni . on some issue.
s asl .
aila ni .
ada ada
part of speech ap: verb ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w.wp. da w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww 5. Word ww : strong wwwas strong.
His case ww(n)
strength ww in the elections.
He proved his strength ww
meaning : power o
partt of speech : adjective tet t t t
l a i
l .ai n.ente la i
ln.en
.ai l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas 6. Word sas sas dsaashurricane left a trailpof.apddestruction
sas
apdaada
: daddestroy
a a
ap: devastate
The room dhad
aada been destruction .(n)
afire.
p
The
apdaabehind aada
ab
w.wp. meaning .wp. destroyed .
by
w p. p
w . it. .
w w.w
ww ww ww
w
ww
w
ww
w
ww
part of w
speech : verb
t t t t t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene istening
a l a il.ani.ene
L a l ail.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene
ur
w Listen to the passage w w w w w.w

ww ww about the ‘Significance ww of Tea’ and answer wthe w questions. ww ww
Questions
1. .nWhich t t et in the world? .ni.entet t t [Ans: China] t t
ilai.ene country is the largest il.antea
i.entproducer ia il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
la l a saaslal l a l a
.s
a
d as
sa2. _______ percent ofdthe ad as
satea produced in India is exported. a
d a
asas as
a[Ans:
sa 70%]
a d
a
w.wp.p 3. What is thewrole
a a
w.wpof.pantioxidants in tea? ww.wp.p
a d
a
w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.apdad w.w
ww w w [Ans:
w w The antioxidants in teawmight w prevent cancer] ww
4. Drinking tea strengthens one’s _____, _____ and _____. [Ans: teeth, bones and immune system]
w
5. How tetdoes drinking tea help a diabetic?

e tet
e tet e te[Ans:
e t It lowers blood sugar]tet e
ada ada ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apdapeaking
S w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
Now use these ideas and prepare a speech on the topic ‘The importance of developing a positive attitude’
t t t t t
and deliver
l a il.ani.entethe speech in the lschool a i l.ani.enteassembly. l a i
sas a
daadsasimportance of
a
daadsas sas sas
w
. p.apdaada . p .apThe . p.apdeveloping a positive

. p.apdaadaattitude . p.apdaada
w w ww w ww w w w w w w.w
ww Good Morning wdear students! Today, I amwgoing to talk on ‘the importance ww of developing a positive wwattitude’. Time and ww
again, we are told to have a positive attitude towards life. Sometimes, it doesn’t even make sense, as we are going through
l a l ani.entet things at a given
so manyi.negative
l a iltime
t
.ani.enteand life is utter chaos. la
t
i.entethen, it’s exactly, when
il.anBut l a
tet
il.ania.enpositive attitude is required
l a
t t
il.ani.ene
the
daadsmost.
as You wonder ‘how
a aapositive
a
sas attitude can help aussawith
as our problems? Itdisadsjust as an intangible thought,
a adsafter
as all!’
a
w .wp.apBut truly, it helps us a lot
w .apdadleads us to the pathwof.wpsuccess.
.wpand .apdad Positivity in lifewassists .wp.apa one in tackling the w day pdaday
.wp.ato affairs, w.w
ww generates optimism wwin one’s life and helps one wwavoid worry and negative ww w
thoughts. Adoption of a wpositive attitude will ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.2n
a sl s asl
.wp.apdaada ada
.wp.apdachanges in one’s life,wmaking
ada
.wp.apda one more joyful, w
ada
.wp.apda and attractive. Awpositive
ada
.wp.apda attitude
w most likely bring wonderful
w successful w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
can assist one in multiple ways like having the strength to push through, when you face tough situations; helps you to see
shortcomings and challenges, as blessings in disguise; builds your self-esteem, thus helping you have a belief in yourself;
t t tet you notice opportunities t t
l a l.ani.ente confidence; makes
helps in ibuilding
l a i
l i.entesearch for solutionslaand
.anyou i
l .ani.enhelps l ail.ani.ente that come your way.l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas aas and your entire lifeadisaadbound
adslife saas to be brighter. Thedabrightness
sas
. p.apdaadaTherefore, practise taking
. p.apdaadaa look at the bright side . p.apdaof . p. p . p.apada
w
w will spread to your environment w and those around w w w w.w
ww you. It is time for you wwto change the way, you see wwlife today and rid
w w w w
ww ww ww
m
yourself of negative thoughts and destructive behaviour. Start to lead a more joyful and more successful way of life with
your positive attitude. Thank you.
t t t t t t t t t t
co
w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda eading R w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Look at the following non-verbal representation. Based on your understanding and inference, write a
paragraph entet on career trendsi.ain enthe
tet next decade. t t t t t t
l a il.ani . l a l ni. l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
a s as Career as Trends a s a s
s.
adsa asa asa adsa adsa
w .wp.apda The above .wp.a
table
w pdad us the information
gives w w pdadfastest-growing occupations.
p.a10
.of w .wp.apda Occupations for Personal w .wp.apda care and w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
home health aids are nine times to that of the occupations for Chefs and food analysts. Media persons and journalists’
occupations are the two-fold increase of Teachers and lecturers’ occupations. Occupations for Wind and solar
ok
energy etet t
i.entetopmost occupations etet etet etet
a l ail.ani.ntechnicians are listed
a l aasil.anthe a l aiamong
l.ani.n the given ten occupations.
a l ail.ani.n Chefs and foodsanalysts’
a lail.ani.n
a daadaoccupations are categorized
s s
a daada as the least number of
s s
a daadoccupations
a
s
a s in the given ddata.
a
s
aada
s daada s
ww w w w w
Task : Now read the following article on the emerging career options in the modern era and answer the questions
w w w w ww
that follow. o
a. i.ni.entet do students start thinking
When t
.ani.ente about their careerlapath?
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a l a la i
l i
l l a i
l l a i
l
sas sasHigher Secondary leveldin
The studentsdatadthe as
sschools start thinking about sas career path.
their sas
apdaada apa a apaada apdaada apdaada
ab
w.wp. w.wp. w .
w p. w .
wp. w .
w p. w.w
ww b. How can ww students build a strong career?
ww ww ww ww
Students can build a strong career after a thorough understanding of the prospective field and their primary interest.
It is also important for students to focus on overall personality development and hone their communication skills for
tet in their career. .ni.entet t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ensuccess a l aila a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas c. What are the integral adsas ss
aada adsas adsas
.wp.apda .wp.apda aspects of a successful .wp.apdcareer? .wp.apda .wp.apda
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww ww personality and strong communication
A good ww ww aspects of a successful career.
skills are the integral ww ww
d. What is meant by ‘culinary art’?
t t ‘Culinary art’ is the art oftpreparation,
t cooking and presentation t t of food, usually inethe t t form of meal. t t
l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ne l a il.ani.ene
.s
a
adsa s e. Why is media a populara s career option? as as as
.wp.apda daadsa
pa.appopular
adsa
.wp.apdayoungsters are attracted .wpto
asa
.apdaitdas the exposure andwreach
adsa
.wp.apda are greater
w Media w is.w career option because w w w.w
ww w w w
throughwsuch mass media. We noticewthat Radio and T.V. channels,wInternet companies and advertisement ww agencies are ww
increasingly recruiting qualified professionals.
w
f. eName tet some paramedical .courses etet mentioned in the passage. etet etet etet
asl ail.ani.n a sl ailani.n asl ail.ani.n asl ail.ani.n asl ail.ani.n
s
ada Optometry, pathology, s
aada nursing, physiotherapy daadaand dentistry are some
s of the
adaparamedical courses. adaada
s s
w .wp.apda g. Why is the w .wp.apdindustry
hotel seen as the w .wp.apgrowing
fastest in India? w .wp.apda w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
The hotel industry is seen as the fastest-growing in India because the number of international travellers, both on
business and leisure, is increasing. The hospitality and service industry offers career options such as house-keeping,
tet
.ani.enfront-desk executives, tourism
t
.ani.entemanagement, etc. lail.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a il l a il l a il l a il
sas adsaaasplayer to opt for a career saasthe field of sports? Answer sas sas
w
. p.apdaada h. Does one have . p .ato

p dabe . p.apdaadin . p.apdaadagiving reasons. . p.apdaada
w w w
w not be a player or an athlete w w w w w w w.w
ww One wwneed ww to shine in a sports career ww because the field of sports wwoffers various career ww
options such as technical trainers, commentators, sports journalists, dieticians, referees, etc.
i. Pick t t one word from the passage which is the opposite of ‘temodern’.
a il.ani.ene ‘Traditional’ is thealword a ntet
il.ani.eopposite a il.ani.en
t
a
t t
il.ani.ene a
t t
il.ani.ene
a l of ‘modern’ . a l a l a l
adsas asas adsas sas
aadthe adsas
w .wp.apda j. Which word w in pdadpassage means ‘composed
.wp.athe w .wp.apdaof people from many w .wp.apdof
parts country’. w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww
‘Cosmopolitan’
w
means composedwof people from many parts of
w
wthe country. ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
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ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a31
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Grammar
l ail.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t Prepositions
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l ail.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
a dsaabasic sas sas saas
. p. daadsa1s: Recall your learning
Task
ap . p apdaaof
.
s prepositions anddcomplete
. p.apaada . apdaadathe prepositions given
the sentencesp.using
. p. aadbrackets.
apdin
w w w
ww under, on, between, w w w w w w w.w
ww wwamong, into, with, since, wwin front of, near/beside w )w ww
m
w(over,
a) The boy jumped _______ a narrow stream. [Ans: into]
t
ni.enteAfsar t t t t t t [Ans: ni.entet
a l a il.ab) will meet me _______
a l ail.ani.ene Friday morning.alail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.aon]
adsas c) The temple isa_______ adsas the bank. adsas adsas [Ans: near s
ads/abeside]
co
w.wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww d) My friend ww will meet me _______whis w brother tomorrow. ww ww [Ans: with] ww
e) There is usually a garden _______ a bungalow. [Ans: in front of]
f) t Yuvan
t has been studying well
t t _______ childhood. t t t t [Ans: since] t t
l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
adsa g) A trekker climbed
as asa_______ a mountainameticulously.
as a s a s [Ans:
asa over]
as
s.
adsa adsa
w .wp.apda h) There was
w .apdad
.awpskirmish _______ my .wp.pdaand sister.
brother
w w .wp.apda w wp.apdadbetween]
.[Ans: w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
i) The laudable thoughts were apparent _______ many scholars in a conference. [Ans: among]
j) t Itt is easy to work _______t the t aegis of visionary leader. [Ans: under]t t
ok
t t t t
a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l
ee
ail.ani.n
ada2 : Complete the following
Task s s ada passages using theaprepositions
s s s
aa s given in brackets. s
aa s s
ada s
w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .
w p.pdad w .
w p.apdad w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww(among, for, at, to, in) ww ww ww
i) When Lakshmi was (1) _______ school, she practised music from Monday (2) _______ Friday. She involved
o
herself (3) _______ the school
i et
.ani.entShe i ntet orchestra. She was
.ani.e_______ i
responsible
ntet
.ani.eas
(4) _______ conducting
i .an
t many programmes.
i.entehelpful. i .ani.ente
t
saasl a l was very popular
saasla(5)
l her schoolmates,
saasl a l she was kind, friendly
saasl a l and saasl a l
w.wp.p p.p p.p w.wp4..pfor w.wp.p
ab
w Ans: w1.
w.wat 2. to ww.w 3. in w 5. w
among w.w
w w ww w ww ww
(after, with, on, before, of, in, for)
l a ani.entet _______ the interview,

il.ii) (1) l a
tet
il.ani.enSolomon was confident
l a il.an(2)
t
i.ente______ getting the job.l ail.anHe
t
i.enteknew that he was qualified
l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsas (3) _______ the a
dsasHe was interestedp(4) a
adsas as
asaperfectly. a
sas was
.wp.apda apdaajob. apda_______discharging hisaduty
pdad
The interview
apdaadpanel
ur
impressed .
w p. .
w . .
w p. .wp. w.w
ww (5) ______ his attitudewand w skills. So (6) _______wthe w interview, he was (7) _______ cloud nine.
w w w w w
ww ww ww
Ans: 1. Before 2. of 3. for 4. in 5. with 6. after 7. on
t t t t et
.enthrases t t t t
la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene Prepositional la il.aniP l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a s a s a s as a s
.wp.apdaadsa .wp.apda
adsa asa
.apdadtwo examples havewbeen
.wpfirst
adsa
.wp.apda done for you. .wp.apda
adsa
w Task 1 : Underline the
w prepositional phrases. The
w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
a) With reference to your advertisement in a local newspaper, I am applying for the post of a salesman.
w
b) teThe assignment will be completed in a few weeks. tet

i ni.en t
.c)
a i .ani.entet ail.ani.n
e etet
ail.ani.n ail.ani.n
etet
s asl a l Ravi was appreciateds asl a lby his teachers. s asl s asl s asl
ada aadaour mistakes. ada ada ada
w .wp.apda d) We feel sorry
w .wp.apdfor w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
e) The boy studied well in spite of many obstacles.

f) Our nation is famous for its glorious culture.
t
ni.enteWe t t t t
l a i
l .g)
a are proud of our l a i
l.ani.ente
children. l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
adsaas h) My brother will adsaas adsaas adsaas adsaas
w
.p.apda
ww ww .p.apda return home in the evening. ww.p.apda .p.apda
ww .p.apda
ww w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Task 2 : Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositional phrase given in brackets.
(in
t tfavour of, in case of,.n according
t t to, on the whole,eon t taccount of, on behalf of,t in
t spite of, instead of)n.entet
il.ani.ene ilai.ene il.ani.ne il.ani.ene i.ai
d a
d
l a
sas a) _______ Kiran,
a
d a
d a l a
sRajesh
as may attend a programme.
d a
d a
sasla
d a
d a
sasl a
d a
d saaslal of]
[Ans: Instead
aa aa .wp.apa rains. aa .wp.apain spite of]
w.wp.p b) Many w w.wp.p visited Ooty _______
tourists wheavy w.wp.p [Ans:
w w.w
ww w ww ww ww ww
c) Expressing gratitude _______ others is common in a vote of thanks. [Ans: on behalf of]
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.2n
32saslail.ai
ada aas asl Sura’s s
aa asl Std  SmartsEnglish
a
ada sl s
ada asl
w .wp.apda d) _______,
w I .apdada happy childhood.w.wp.apdad
.wphad w .wp.apda [Ans:
w .apdathe
.wpOn whole] w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
e) Our teacher always acts _______ her students. [Ans: in favour of]
f) _______
t his laziness, theetboy t remained passive for a long
t time. t [Ans: on account of]tet
l .ani.ne l a i
l .ani.ente l ail.ani.ente lala i.ni.en
sas g) _______ Gandhiji, sasahimsa means infinitedalove. sas sas [Ans: According
asaas to]
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apada . p.apdaada d
.wp.apdaIn case of]
ww w h) _______wwrain, take an umbrella. ww
w w ww w w w[Ans: w.w
ww
m
w w w w w
Conjunctions
Task 1 : Choose t t the appropriate linker tfrom
t within the brackets tand
t complete the sentences. t t t t
s I could not complete
adsaa) ss s s _______ (because ss ss
apdaada my paper in the .w examination
apdaada apdaad/abut) I was slow in.wpanswering apdaada the
co
.wp.apda . p. p. . p. . w.w
questions. ww [Ans: because]
w w w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
b) It started raining, _______ (yet / so) we could not play. [Ans: so]
c) _______ (As / If) I got up early, I managed to reach school on time. [Ans: As]t t
i . ni entet
. i . ni.entet i . ni entet
. i . ni entet
. .ene
il.anihe
d)
asl a l a _______ (Though / Whereas)
asl a l a he committed a mistake,
asl a l a he apologised _______
asl a l a(and /since) promised athat
sl a
s.
adsa aada
s adsa adsa asa
w .wp.apda would not repeat
w .wp.apdit. w .wp.apda w .wp.apda [Ans:.w
w .apdad and]
pThough; w.w
ww e) This is _______ ww (how / what) it must wwbe done. ww ww [Ans: how] ww
f) The vendor saw the train moving slowly from the platform, ____ (therefore / until) he got in. [Ans: therefore]
ok
tet not well, _______ (but
g) i.aniI.enwas t I did not attend then.e
et/eso) tet
class. etet [Ans:i.n so]etet
asl al asl ail.ani.n asl ail.ai n asl ail.ani.n asl alai.n
s
adah) (If / Although) _______ s
ada she can drive, sheatravels s
ada by bus. s
ada [Ans: Although]
s
ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww i) (If / Unless) ww _____ you register your wwname, you cannot participate ww in the competitions. ww [Ans: Unless] ww
j) (As soon as / Besides) _______ my father arrived home, I narrated the incident.
o [Ans: As soon as]
k) Be quick
t to hear _______ (then t / and) slow to speak.n.entet t [Ans: and] t
a il.ani.ente a i
l .ani.ente a il.ai a il.ani.ente a il.ani.ente
s I am _____ (neither
sal) [Ans: neither;sas nor]
adsa/aseither) an ascetic in theory sas_____ (nor / or) in practice.
l l l a l l
apdaadam) We fail to harness apdathe apdaada daadsas
apwe apdaada
consequently]
ab
w .wp. w .wp. rain water; _____
w .(consequently
wp. / nevertheless)
w .wp. suffer. [Ans:
w .wp. w.w
ww ww ww
n) My brother will certainly clear GRE; _______ (yet / for) he works very hard.
ww ww [Ans: for]
ww
Task 2 : Combine
nentet the sentences andnrewrite
entet them using the words
nentet given in the brackets.nentet t t
i. i. i. i. .ai.
aslailget i.ai. il.ani.ene
dad slala The well was deep.
saaa. d a
d slala
saaTherefore, the fox could
d a
d sanot out of the well.
d saaslal
(because)
ad a
adsas
l a
aa aa aa aa .wp.apda
ur
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w w.w

ww ww
The wwwell because the well was
fox could not get out of the wwdeep. ww ww
b. The work was over. We went home. (when)
t t t
i.ente we went home. lail.ani.ente
t t t t t
la il.ani.ene When the workawas l a il.anover, l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
a
adsa s asa s a
adsa s a
adsas a
adsa s
w .wp.apda c. A library iswa.wppublic.apdad place. We see a w .wp.apda of books kept there
number w .apdareading.
.wpfor (where) w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
A library is a public place where we see a number of books kept for reading.
w
d. enThe tet culprit was caught..nImmediately,

etet he was takeneto tethe
t police station. (asnsoon etet as) etet
a l ail.ani. a l ailai.n a l ail.ani.n a l ail.ai.n a l ail.ani.n
s
ada s As soon as d the
adaculprit was caught, heawas
s s adataken to the police station.
s s s
ada s s
ada s
w .wp.apda w .wp.apa w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww e. wwwere stealing mangoeswfrom
The boys w a grove. At that time, wwthe owner of the grove w w in. (while)
came ww
w
While the boys were stealing mangoes from a grove, the owner of the grove came in.
tet
.ani.enArtificially
t
.ani.enteare hazardous to health. et
.ani.entMoreover,
t
i.ente problems. (and)lail.ani.ente
.ankidney
t
f.
l a i
l flavoured ljuices
a i
l l a i
l they lead l to
a i
l
sas a
daadsas juices are hazardous sas sas sas
w
. p.apdaada Artificially
. p.apflavoured . p.apdaadato health and lead to . p.apdaada problems.
kidney . p.apdaada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
g. Adit has been promoted. Rajan has been promoted. (as well as)
t t Adit as well as Rajan.nihas t tbeen promoted. t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l a ila .ene a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s
adsah. Caesar was declared adsasemperor. The conspirators adsas killed him. (After)adaadsas adsas
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.p w .wp.apda w.w
ww wwCaesar was declared emperor,
After ww the conspirators killed wwhim. ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
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ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a33
.wp.apdaada aa
.apdadappropriate correlative
.wpwith
ada
.wp.apdaconjunctions. .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w Task 3 : Fill in the blanks
w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
a. She is ______ an understanding person ______ everybody likes to be with her. [Ans: such; that]
b. Suraj owns _______ a typewriter t _______ a computer. [Ans: both; and]tet
i .entet
.aniVani i .ani.ente_______ a good dancer. i .ani.ente
t
i
t
.ani.ente [Ans: not only; butlaalso]
il.ani.en
s c.
asl a l is _______ a good
s asl asinger
l s asl a l s asl a l s as
adaada aa
p.apdad_______ his fatherwmet daada
.wp.aphis apdaada apdaada or]
w w.wp.p d. Amit did not w
know
w.w w
class teacher _______
w w.wp.not. w w.wp.whether;
[Ans: w.w
ww
m
w e. I would w _______ starve _______ beg. w w w [Ans: neither; nor]
t t t t t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene Wa l il.ani.ene
riting
a a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas adsas adass adsas adsas
co
ww Article Writing ww
w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww
Task 1 : The Government of Tamil Nadu has imposed a ban on use of plastic. Effective implementation of this ban
ndepends
.entet
lail.ai
on public awareness
n.entetand individual responsibility.
lail.ai n.entet n.entet
lail.ai n.entet lail.ai lail.ai
a saas words for your school as adsaas saas by
daadsas Write an article
s.
. p.a
p . p.apof
daad150 . p.apdaadsamagazine to create an
. p.apdaawareness on the dangers
. p.a
p daadposed
ww ww
indiscriminate ww ww ww w.w
ww ww use of plastic. Expand ww the ideas given below w aswnotes. ww ww
Dangers posed by Use of Plastic
ok
i.ani.entet etet etet An article by J. Vijayaraj, etetXII - C etet
s asl al sasl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada ada material. It doesn’tad
Plastic is apsynthetic ada
decompose adaof the most widely used
in the soil. Itpisapone ada
substances,
w .wp.apda w .w.apda w .wp.pa w .w. da w .wp.apda w.w
ww when itwcomes
w to the production of containers, bags, furniture
ww wwand various other things.wThis w is because it is ww
economical and can be easily moulded into different forms. It is hazardous for humans, animals as well as the
plants.
tet Several animals, birds teand
t marine creatures die due
tet to plastic pollution..ni.entet
l a il.ani. en When we eat food la i
from
l .ani e
.na
oplastic container, i
plastic
l a l .ani e
. n
gets leached into our food
l a i
l a and it is harmful to us.l As
a i
l i.ente
.anwe
t
sas saas a
daadsas easily avoid its usage. saas sas
apdaada are accustomed daadthe
apto usage of plastic, we cannot
ap apdaadThe microplastics can.w apdaada
mess with our
ab
w. wp. w .wp . w .wp. .wp. p. w.w
ww hormones. ww They can mimic hormones ww like estrogen, interferewwith ww important pathwayswinww the thyroid gland ww
and inhibit the effects of testosterone.
l a .entet Plastic particles choking

il.anianimals l a i
l .ani.ente
waterways
t affect aquatic
l a i
l
animals.
.ani.ente
t Ingestion of plastic
l ail.ani.ente
by
t aquatic and terrestrial
l ail.ani.ente
t
may blockastheir
a
adsas das intestines and respiratory
a adsas passages. The manufacturing
a adsasa process and the burning
adsas of
a
.wp.apda .apdaatmosphere .wp.apda Non-biodegradablewplastics .wp.apda interferes with soilwmicro .wp.apdaorganisms
ur
w plastic pollutew .wpthe to a greatwextent. w.w

ww and affectswwsoil fertility. ww ww ww ww
Therefore, we should avoid using plastic. There are alternatives for a one-time use of plastics.
It t t be segregated for recycling.
can
e t t t t t t t t
i.ain .en i.ani.ene i.ani.ene i.ani.ene i.ani.ene
.s
d
a a
d d
a
aTask 2 : Urban living brings a
d daad daad daad
w.wp.p .p.ap with it a possibility .of
p.apvarious communicable .diseases.
p.ap .p.ap w.w
ww w ww w w ww w w ww w w ww w ww
Now write an article of about 150 words for a leading newspaper on the various ways of maintaining
personal hygiene and sanitation in order to ensure a healthy living. Make use of the hints given below.
w
etet .entet entetgodliness etet etet

s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.aniCleanliness is next
s asl ail.ani.to s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
daada

.wp.ap .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada aadJ.a Arulseeli, XII B .p.apdaada
.wp.apdby
- An article
w w w w ww w w.w
ww ww living is essential in our wwmodern world. Personal w w ww
w
Healthy Hygiene can be defined as w an act of maintaining

cleanliness and grooming of the external body. Frequent washing of hands, regular bathing, brushing of teeth,
l a i
l .anicutting
.entet your nails and hair, la i l.ani.eand
ntet wearing clean clothes
l a i
l .aniare
.entetthe essential aspects l a iof
l.ani.your
entet personal hygiene. i.ani.entet
lal
adsaas saas by avoiding street food, adsaaskeeping the food containers adsaas closed with lids, drinking adsaasboiled
w
a da Keep diseasesa daaat

d bay a da a d a a da
w.wp. p p
w.wp. fruits and vegetables w.wp. p w.wp. p w.wp. p w.w
ww water and wwwashing ww in flowing water. Keep living ww area, surroundings and ww environment clean. ww
This can be done by disposing of domestic organic waste on a daily basis and hazardous waste in designated
places, regular sweeping, mopping and dusting your home. Toilets and bathing areas should be disinfected.
t
.enteshould ntet We should alsoanot ntet urinate and defecate et t t
l a i
l .aniWe not litter publicl a il.ani.eplaces. l il.ani.espit, l a i.entpublic
il.anin places. l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas a a a a
.wp.apda Hygiene is daadsas exercise. Everyone’s
.wpa.apcollective
adsas
.wp.apdainvolvement and practice
adsas
.wp.apdisa a must. We should ensure
ss
aada
.wp.apdcommunity
w w w w w w.w
ww health andwwhappiness and celebratewlife. w ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .n
lail.aniXII
etet
lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.2
etet
34saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Suggested Topics
n etet .ni.n etet
.ni.n etet.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
sslail.ani.
 aImportance of Physical Exercises
alaila / Sports and Games.
ss alaila ss sasl ail sasl a i
l
p.apdaada p.apdaada p.apdaada p.apdaada p.apdaada
w .
w w .
w Physical Exercises
w .
w / Sports and wGames
.w w .
w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
m
Not many would decry the importance of physical fitness. ‘A sound mind in a sound body’ is an
age-oldtetruism. When the body istenot in a good state, the mind too cannot be in its proper frame. An engineer ortet
n en t n en t n entet n entet en
saa i l.
asladoctor
a i . certainly draws sfrom a
as
i .a i .
lal his intellectual capabilities, saas
i .a i .
lal but their proper functioning s
a as
i . i .
lal depends upon thesaphysical
a aslail.ani.
co
adaad a
.apdad crave for rest andwan
a
.apdad body cannot contribute adaad adaad
w w.wp.p environment. Tired w w.wplimbs w
.wpailing
w w.wp.p to mental stability.ww.wp.p w.w
w Physicalwexercises have the powerwto cure many of the diseases. w Dr. Agarwal of Delhi w has convincingly ww
demonstrated that a certain kind of physical exercises and body movements, can set right bad eyesight. Various
‘Asanas’ t t t
i.entebelieved to prevent land .entet some of the diseases t
i.ente modern medicine .ani.ente
t
a l a il.ani.enepractised by our yogis a l a il.anare a a il.anicure a l a il.anwhich a l a ilfails
s
adsato accomplish. We have anot s
dsa fully realised the importance s s s
aada of physical exercise. apdaaIfdawe have, it is a namesake. apdaadNo
sa doubt
s.
s s
.wp.apda we have made physical .wp.apdaeducation an integralwpart .wp.apdof the curriculumw .
w p.
inwour schools and collegeswand .wp. w.w
ww
w
ww
w
ww
w w invariably, every
w
ww
institution has an instructor.
Nearly two thousand and fivethundred years ago, the Greeks t realised the value ofnphysical t culture. One of their
ok
i entet
.ani.Gods i et
ni.enphysical
.aof i .ani.ente i .ai.ente .ni.ente
t
chief
as l a l Apollo is a symbol
as l a l strength andasl manhood.
a l as l a l aslaila
. p.a
p daadsa . p.apdaadsa . pa
. pdaadsa . p.apdaadsa . p.apdaadsa
w w  Travel and its Benefits
ww ww ww ww w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
o Travel and its Benefits
Travelling means moving from tone place to another for various purposes such asefor et education, businessi.and
for
l a il ni.entetother reasons. There
.asome la il ni.enatelot
.ais of benefits of i
travelling.
l a l
t
.ani.enteA person can learnlanew i
l .ani.ntexperiences of life through
l a l ni.entet
a
sas dsaaswide place if we roam adsaas saas dsaas
apdaadatravelling. The world apisdaathe apdafrom one place to another apdaitadmeans we can learn newapdaatraditions,
ab
w. wp. w .wp. .wp. .wp. .wp . w.w
ww culture, manner, ww and behaviour. They w ww
are some eminent travellers
w
wwsuch as Homer, Pythagoras,
w
ww Herodotus and ww
Megasthenis, Hiuen Tsang, Marco Polo, Ibn –e- Batuta who travelled at different places in search of knowledge and
acquired t t t t t tet something new. If.nwe t t
a l a il.ani.ene knowledge through a l ailtheir
.ani.entewisdom, enjoyed adventurous
a l a il.ani.ene risks in their alife l ail.ato
ni.enlearn
a l ailai.ene
adsatravel
s to various places,dwe adsawill
s get a chance to interact asawith
s different kind of people adsas and able to learn diverse asalifestyle.
s
.wp.apda Study abroad provides .wp.apastudents a lot of new .apdad .wp.apdalearn communications .apdad through
ur
w w w .wp
experiences. Moreover, youth
w w .wpskills w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
travelling and get the chance to remove shyness and build self-confidence to face any situation of life. Students who
have completed their studies from overseas countries get more chances of jobs anywhere in the world.
t t t t t t t t t t
.s
 adsaWater Conservationadaadsa
as as a
adsa s a
adsas a
adsa s
w .wp.apda w.wp.p .wp.apdaconservation w.wp.apda
Water
w w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
The world contains sufficient, clean fresh water for everyone’s basic personal and domestic needs. Personal
w
and domestic t uses of water account etfor less than ten per cent oft the total amount of water tused in human activities,
l a i
l .ani.ente essential uses require
although l ail.ania.entsignificantly lower l a i
l .ani.ente However, water laisil.anot
percentage. ni.enteequally distributed due
l .entet
ail.anito
s
ada as aas as saas s as s as
.wp.apda lack of distribution .apdad
.wpnetworks, working systems .wp.apdaadextract
to groundwater.w aada rainwater and,.pin.apdsome
por.apdharvest aada cases,
w w w w w w w.w
ww exclusion from ww these services or facilities,wlimit w the extent of peoples access ww to sufficient water. Inw w cases, excessive
some ww
w
extraction of groundwater, often for agricultural or industrial use, limits domestic use and threatens the long-term
sustainability of such groundwater
.ani.entesources. Groundwater .anisi.enalso
tet at increased risk of .contamination from untreated
t t ni.entet t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l l a i
l l a i
l a l a i
l .ani.ente
adsaawastewater
s from agriculture,
adsaas industry or households. adsaas adsaas adsaas
w
ada p.apda p.apda p.apda p.apda

w.wp.p According w.w w.w Programme (UNEP), w.w w.w w.w
w w wwto the United Nations Environment ww ww 884 million people around ww the globe have ww
no access to clean drinkable water. Every year more than two million people die due to lack of drinking water and
diseasest caused by consuming. t t
i .
a ni enet
. il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene and develop the water i.ente
t
il.anresources.
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l Therefore, it is our moral
a l aresponsibility to preserve,a lacontrol a l a We have to prevent
a l a
adsas asas adsas asas adsas
w .wp.apda water pollution. We w .apdadto construct dams, implement
.wphave w .wp.apda rainwater harvesting w pdadwater recycling methods
.wp.aand w .wp.apdato conserve w.w
ww water. We have wwto ensure the availabilitywofwwater for future generations. ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a35
.wp.apdaada .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w  Child Labour w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Child Labour
India t has more child workers than any other countryein tthe world. This incidence tis increasing day by day.
i i.ente
.anincidence i .entet
.aniby i .ani.nte of the houses have i i.ente
.anworking i .ani.ente
t
This
sasl a l is increasing a day
l a l day. In our country, saslone-third
a l l a a
l child and one-fourth
l a l
p.apdaadaof the children in the p. daadsas
apage-group of 5-15 are p.apdaada According to a rough
employed. p. dsaas
apdaaestimate, there are around
p. dsaamillion
apdaa50
s
w .
w w .
w .w .
w .
w w.w
ww wwin India. Such childrenware wwdeprived of the much-needed ww
w w
ww They are denied ww
m
child labourers love of their parents.
opportunities for growth, development, leaning etc. They are subjected to hard labour with meagre wages. As they
have.nino .entelegislature
t or union, demands.ni.ente for better facilities.n
t or
i.enwage-hike
tet cannot be raised .ni.enteby them.
t
.ni.ente
t
ia aslaila mars the children’s’adsworld
aslailaof imagination. Their i laila
saaslal Hard labour for long sahours a saaslala mind and tiny limbs
tender saascannot
co
aad a
d d
aa a
d aad aad a
d aad a
d
w.wp.p withstand the work-load
w.wp.p they are subjected w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww to. Their disturbed childhoodww also tempts to indulge wwin crimes. ww
We have to act rapidly to melt away this serious problem. The ultimate objective of any sane society should
be theeabolition
tet of child labour. Our
etet Indian Government prohibits
etet the employment ofechildren
tet in hazardous jobs.etet
n n n n n
aslail.ani. aslail.ani. aslail.ani. aslail.ani. aslail.ani.
s.
a s
a
dad Mobile Phone – Advantages asa and Disadvantages asa a s
a a s
a
a adad adad adad adad
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p ww.wp.p w w.wp.p w.w
w w w Mobile Phone w w ww
Advantages
ok
t tet etet tet etet
l i.ente mobile phones, welacan
ail.anWith il.ani.encommunicate with anyone
l ail.ani.nfrom anywhere at any l il.ani.enThey
atime. have become aalsource ail.ani.n
s
ada as sas
ada Smartphones help ausdaato s
da as aas as aas s
w .wp.apda of unlimited entertainment.w .wp.apda w .wp.p stay entertained by w
allowing
.wp.apdad us to play games, w .wplisten
.apdadto music w.w
ww and do lots ofwother w stuff. They come withwspecial w apps for kids to increase ww their brainstorming,wwhich w is pretty good. ww
The smartphones which come with Android, Apple iOS and Windows Phone operating system come with educational
o
apps which t can be used in our nstudies. t t t t
a i
l .ani.ente a il.ai.ente a i
l .ani.ente a il.ani.ente a i
l .ani.ente
sasDisadvantages
l sasl sas l sas l sasl
ab
. p. . p
Most of thewpeople. become additive towmobile . p. phones. They waste . p. . p . w.w
ww their valuable time in playing ww mobile games,
w w w w w w w w w w
ww w w ww
chatting with their friends, watching movies and do lots of other stuff. Thus they spoil their future unknowingly.
There is also a high risk of an accident if mobile phone is used while driving a vehicle. Research studies have also
claimed entet t t
il.ani.enaenegative impact onlthe .entet of an individual.lail.ani.entet entet
lail.ani. that mobile phoneslahave ail.anihealth lail.ani.
adaadsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsaasa
ur
p.p
w.w  Consumerism w
–w p. p
.w and Needs
Wants p
w.w . p p
w.w . p p
w.w . p w.w
ww w ww ww ww ww
Consumerism
Consumerism is a cultural model
i . ni.entet i . ni entet that promotes the iacquisition
. . ni entet
.
of goods, and especially
i . ni entet the purchase of goods,
. il.ani.ofentet
asla al avehicle for personal satisfaction
l a l a and economic stimulation.
l a l a It is the protection l aor
l a promotion of the interests
l a
.s
a
adsa s adsaas as
adsa organizations improving adsaas as
asa It is
w .wp.apda consumers. The growth w .wp.apdaof consumerism haswled pdamany
.wp.ato w .wp.apda their service to the w .apdad
.wpcustomer. w.w
ww the modern movement ww for the protectionwof wthe consumer against useless, ww inferior, or dangerouswproducts, w misleading ww
advertising, unfair pricing, etc. It is a needed concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous
w
to theeeconomy. Consumerism replaces the act of buying foreneed and wants to a practice of buying as a way to signal
a i
l .ani.ntet a i
l .ani.entet a i
l .a ni.ntet a i
l .
a ni.entet i.ente
afitil.anthe
t
s social
asl status/belonging tos those
asl around you. You express
s asl and build your identitys asl by making purchases that
s asl
ada daada to create. Consumerism ada aa aada
w .wp.apda perceptions that wyou .wp.apwant w .wp.apda turns purchases into w .apdad accessories. Buying
.wplifestyle w .wp.apdFashionable w.w
ww ww is about creating that w w ww in the mall wearing them ww projecting that ww
w
jeans and coolers moment where you are standing

version of yourself to the world. For an economy in surplus, consumerism is important because it creates demand.
Consumers
.ani.ente are constantly chasing
t
.ani.entetrends and fashion for
t
.athe
ni.entsatisfaction
et of buying an .ani.eobject
ntet of desire. This leads .anito
.entet
l a i
l l a i
l l a i
l l a i
l l a i l
sahigher
s consumption as people sas do not want to be dseen saswith outdated goods. Carrying sas a button phone isdaadssign as that
w
. p.apdaadayou are not trendy..wp.apdaada . p.apaada . p .apdaada . p .apa a

ww w ww ww w ww w ww w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
 Value of Education
t t t t Value of Education t t t t t t
adsas Education is a fundamental asas human right and s
aisdsaessential s other human rights.da
dsaall
for the exerciseaof Itsa s
provides
w .wp.apda individual freedom w .apdadempowerment, andwyields
.wpand .wp.apda important benefits.wIt.wpis.apadapowerful tool by which w pad
.wp.aeconomically w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
and socially marginalised adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty and participate fully as citizens.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.2n
36saslail.ai
ada s asl Sura’s s asl Std  SmartsEnglishasl s asl
.wp.apda adaada ada
p.apdamould .wp.apda
ada
p.a
aa
pdad that can
w w.wp.pto stimulate our minds
Educationwhelps w .w
and inquisitive minds
w into intellectuals. It is
w .w
a rope w.w
ww w ww ww ww ww
carry us to greatness. It is one of the most important things because, without education, one cannot contribute to
the world or earn money, and lack knowledge. Knowledge is power. Gaining knowledge alone doesn’t make one
t .entet we learn how to live, .entetto hope, how to pray, t to behave with others. t
l ail.ani.ente Education is complete
educated.
l a i
l .aniwhen l a i
l .anihow l ail ni.entehow
.aand l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
. p.apdaadaEducation is self-empowerment.
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w
Education w w w w ww w w w w.w
ww wwis what removes our doubts ww and fears, what makeswus happy and successful, what ww makes us better ww
m
human beings. The teacher comes, removes the darkness, and suddenly we find how beautiful this world is. Education
helps estudents
tet realise their potential etet and qualities as a human etebeing.
t etet etet
n n n n n
s
a aslail.ani. s
aaslail.ani. saaslail.ani. saaslail.ani. saaslail.ani.
co
daad Value Based Education
a adaad .wp.apda
ad
.wp.apda
ad adaad
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w
Value based Education
w w w w w.wp.p w.w
w w w w w ww
Value-based education has been the wish for most nations and especially India. It refers to education whereby
the .outcome t t adds value to the .learners t t and not just learning because
t t it is routine or mandatory t t to do so. Therefore, t t
l a ilani.ene l a ilani.ene l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
athe
s importance of value-based as education is that it builds
as the various qualities of honesty,
as strength and humility
as in a
s.
adsa s
aada social, moral and .spiritual asa adsa adsa
w .wp.apda person with regard w .wpto.apdtheir w wp.apdad behaviours. w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
It helps in shaping an individual’s behaviour so that they can be able to fit in the society without having a negative
impact on other people’s life. It will make the world a better place to live in. It plays an important role in strengthening
ok
the
l ni.entet spiritual behaviour
ail.amoral, l ail.aof
tetindividual. A spiritual.niperson
ni.enan l aila .n
etet is normally associated
l
etet
ail.ani.n with good qualities l i.ente
ainil.anlife
t
s as
adasuch as honesty, humbleness s as
ada and humility among saas
adothers. saas s as
ada in any
Hence value-based adeducation is very important
ww given systemw ofweducation because the benefits ww not only affect an individual ww but is rather felt by wwthe whole society. ww
E W
a l a i
l .ani.ente
t
la i
l .ani.ente
t
o ssay n.enriting
l a i
l .ai te
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
daadsas1 : Write an essay
Task
ap dsaasabout 200 wordsp.aeach.
apdaaof p
a
daadsas sas
apdaada
sas
apdaada
ab
w.wp. w.wp. w .
w w .
wp. w .
w p. w.w
ww ww
 The Profession you would like to choose.
ww ww ww ww
I would
tet like to choose the.teaching t profession. This decision t was a culmination of a process of reflection aboutt t
n en n entIewould n enteeducation n entetthat it is one of the most ene
sa
what
aslali .a i .
I wanted to do with
s
my
aas
i
la l life.
a i . choose a
s
career
aaslal i .a i .
in because
saaI
s believe
lal i .a i .
saaslail.ani.
adaad important functions a
pdad
.aperformed in our culture. aad
.wp.aIpdbelieve that teachers individually
.wp.apda
ad and collectively have ad
.wp.apdathe ability
ur
w w.wp.p to not only change w w.wpthe w w w w w w w.w

w w world, but to improve w it. I want to be a partwof a noble profession withwthe hope of one day ww
being counted among those in whom future teachers find inspiration.
Manyt t of the great teachers.nthat t It have had throughout.nmy t education
t have becomen.e my t theroes and role models. It t
la il.ani.ene l a ilai.ene l a ilai.ene l a il.ai ne l a il.ani.ene
.s
adsaremember
as that great teachers
s as were good at explaining adsaacontent,
s were patient yet firm
adsaas with students, were always
adsaas fair,
.wp.apda set high expectations, .wp.apdaada how to motivate, and
knew .wp.apdaused humour appropriately. .wp.apdaThey were great communicators .wp.apda who
w w w w w w.w
ww had a command ww of their subject matter content. ww This is the type of w
w
teacher that I intend to become. ww ww
High self-esteem will enable the students to strive for and accomplish any goal they set for themselves. As a
w
teacher, etet etet t

.ani.entethe privilege of shaping
t
i.ente parents and productive etet
s asl ailai.n I will play a part in
. n
s a
helping
sl ail.ani.n them to do that. Iswill asl ailhave s asl ail.anfuture s asl ail.ani.n
adamembers of society. Teaching a a is an important contribution ada I can make to better adaour society, and I am aexcited ada about
.wp.apda the opportunity to .wp.apdad .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.pda w.w
ww
w
ww
w do so. ww
w
ww
w
ww
w
ww
w
 The Importance of a Balanced Diet

tet
i.enbalanced
.anA et
.ani.eantdiet
t
.ani.enteproportions of carbohydrates,
t
.ani.ente fats, proteins, vitamins, .ani.ente
t
l a i
l diet is definedla i
las that contains the l proper
a i
l l a i
l l a i
l
sas sas a
daadsas sas sas
w
. p.apdaadaminerals, and water.wpnecessary

.apdaada to maintain good . p.aphealth. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w ww w w ww w w w w.w
ww Nutritionwis vital for our body and all wwof its systems to function w properly, by having good nutrition ww it will help us ww
maintain a healthy weight, reduce body fat, provide our body with energy, promote good sleep and generally make
us feel tbetter.
t This has been proven t tthrough many scientific tstudies
t and is now well.ndocumented.
t t By having good t t
l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene la il.ani.ene l a ilai.ene l a il.ani.ene
adsanutrition,
as it has been proven s s that we are less likelydato
apdaada
a s develop
apada
as many of the present-day
apdaada
a
ss diseases. a
ss
apdaada
.wp.apda The Foods .wp. .
w p. .
w p. .
w p. w.w
wwStandards Agency recommends having moderate amounts of fish (two portions ww a week one being
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww
oily) moderating the amount of protein we have and having small or occasional amounts of food high in fat or sugar.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
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il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a37
ada apdaada daada aa aa
w .wp.apda A balanced w .wp.should
diet be based on eating
w .wpa.apvariety of food, and eating
w pdad that have not been
.wp.afoods w p.apdad
.w
processed. This w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
means trying natural unprocessed foods.
Peopletet should look to eat five tportions or more of fruits and tet vegetables a day, to reduce tet the amount of processed
n e
. n n e
. n et n e
. n n e
.n ntet
.ani.eof
food
l ail.a i they eat, to ensure they
l a i
l .
adrink
i at least two litresl aof
i
l .
a water
i a day, to have al balance
ail.a i between the amountl a i
l
sas dsaas they consume,p.to adsaaoily
s sas saas have
. p.apdaadacarbohydrates, fats.wpand apdaaprotein
. . apdaeat apdaadathe amount of table
fish weekly, to.preduce
. . p.apdaadthey
salt
w w and to reducewthe wwamount of sugar in their w w w w w w w.w
ww wwdiet. ww ww ww
m
 A Memorable Journey
t tet .entetpleasant while some tet t
l a i.enteis a continuous journey.
il.anLife l ail.ani.enSome journeys are sweet
l a il.aniand l a .ani.ensour.
ilare Some journeys are
l a i.ente
il.antoo
a
adsas a
adsas a
asas a
asas a
daadsas to
co
w.wp.apda memorable to bewerased .wp.apda by the sands of time. w .wp pdadone such experience.
I .a
had
w .apdadmemory of this journey
.wpThe w .wp.apcontinues w.w
ww flicker, on and wwon, in my mind even afterwseveral w years. ww ww ww
Being born and brought up in Chennai city, a place without hills and mounts, I had no opportunity to travel
through t t t t when my school organised t t an excursion to New tet t t
a l a il.ani.enetunnels and mounts. a l a
Therefore,
il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.enDelhi, our National capital,
a l a il.ani.ene
adsaI was one of the first atodaa
s join
sa in.
s s s s
s.
asa asa asa
w .wp.apda w .
w p.p d w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.apdad w.w
ww We reached wwCentral Station as our train ww reservation was for thewTamilnadu w express. We reached ww the station early ww
and boarded the train at 9 p.m. The train started at 10 p.m. I sat by the window and enjoyed the passing scenery.
The sights tet of numerous rivers,.bridges, tet countryside, evergreen tetpaddy fields, lush green tea
tet gardens, vast plains,.etc.
ok
e n e n e n en etet
s
enchanted
asl aila. ni . me a lot. The long
sasl ila n
atunnels
i . after Nagpur gave
s asl aus . n .
ilathe optimum excitement.
i
s asl . n .
ailaThis is the memorablesajourney
i
slailani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww.p.apda of my life. ww .p.apda .p.apda
ww ww .p.apda ww .p.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
o Warm Up
tet t
ni.enteHow t
i.ente you tasted? Tick ntet .ani.ente
t
a) saHere
l a il.ani.enare a few varieties of
la i
l .atea. many of these
l a i
l .anhave l a i
l .ani.ethe
in boxes. l a i
l
s sas sas sas sas
apdaada apdaada Ice tea Lemon apdaada tea apdaada apdaada
ab
w.wp. Herbal tea
w
.
w p. w .
w p. w .
wp. w .
w p. w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww

l a n.entGreen
il.ai et tea
l a
Black
n.entettea
il.ai
Tea withn.emilk
l a il.ai ne
t t
l a
t t
il.ani.ene l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsas a
 .p.apdaadsas  a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda
ur
w w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
b) You would have seen lovely packets of tea on the shelves at supermarkets and shops. Have you ever
wondered how tea powder is obtained from the plants? Look at the pictures and describe the process.t t
i .ani.entet i .
a ni entet
. i .ani entet
. i .ani entet
. il.ani.ene
l a l l a l la l l a l l a
.s
a
adsa s a
adsa s adsaas a
adsas a
adsa s
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w

ada ada ada ada ada
w .wp.apda 1. Tea leaves are w .wp .apdaplucked
first from the tea
w .wp.apda
plant. w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
2. Tea leaves are then withered to reduce water content by 50-70% in the sunlight or in dark hot rooms.
3. After the leaves are withered, they undergo some sort of bruising process, which means the leaves are rolled,
l a i
l .
a n .entet and crushed. lail.ani.entet
twisted
i l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas as saas sas as
w
. p.apdaada4. Then the leaves . p. daadsaleft

apare . p.apdaadbrown
to oxidize or turned apdaada be dried to remove
and finally it.pshould
. . p. daadsaresidual
apany
w w w w w w w
ww the world. w w w.w
ww moisture.wwOnly then, it is ready to be wwpackaged and shipped allwover ww ww
t t t t  t t t t t t
ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
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ww ww w ww ww

ada ada ada ada ada
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda w.w
ww
w
PROSE ww
w
UNIT 3 ww
w
ww
w
ww
w
ww
IN
asaas
CELEBRATION
l ail.ani.ente
t
asaas
l OF
a i
l .ani.enteBEING ALIVE
t
asaas
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sasl ail.ani.ente
t
sasl a i
l .ani.ente
t
adad adad .wp.ap dad apdaada apdaada
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p -w
Dr.
wwChristiaan Barnard w .
w p. w .
w p. w.w
ww ww ww
m
w w
cÆnuhL ïU¥gj‰fhd bfh©lh£l«
t t t t .ani.ente
t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene - lh¡l® »¿°oa‹ a l a ilg®dh®£ a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
co
ww ww
kU¤Jt® »¿°oa‹ wg®dh®£ w (1922 - 2001) ww bj‹ ww ww
M¥ãÇ¡fhÉ‹ jiyáwªj ïja mWit á»¢ir Ãòz®. cy»‹ Kjš
ïja kh‰W mWit á»¢ir brŒjt®. FHªijfŸ tgL« Jau¤ij f©L tet
i .ani entet
. i .
ani.entet i .ani enet
. il.ani.en
t t
il.ani.ene
a sl a lÄfî« kd« fy§Fth®. as l a l asl a l asl a a sl a
s.
w .wp.apda .wp.apda
gy tUl§fS¡F
w K‹ mtU« w .apdad kidÉí« rhiyia
.wpmt® w .wp.apda fl¡ifÆš xU wÉg¤âš .wp.apda w.w
ww á¡»d®. w
w
Ég¤â‹nghJ mt® j‹ wwkidÉÆ‹ ÛJ ÉGªjâš, ww mtŸ rhiyÆ‹wkWòw¤âš
w ww
ÉGªJ njhŸ K¿î V‰g£lJ. ïUtUnk kU¤JtkidÆš gaK«, cis¢rY« milªjd®.
ok
t etet etet etet kÅj‹ .ni.entet
.ani.entejªijÆ‹ fU¤jhd
j‹
ailg¡Ft¥gL»wh‹’,
‘flîŸ kÅj®fis nrhâ¥gjhš
ail.ani.nkW¡»wh®. ail.ani.n
mªj Jau§fËÈUªJ
ail.ani.n
asl a sl asl asl alaila
aa dadas
aa
v‹gij
dadas
aa
s
dada dadas
aa dadsas aa
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Key points
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
la i
l .ani.ente
t
o l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas This is an extract fromdaDr. sasBarnard’s speech about an sas
experience that changed his a sas of life altogether. dadsaas
outlook
apdaada apada apdaada apdada .wp.apa hardly
ab
w.wp. w .
w p. w .
w p. w .
wp. w.w
ww Dr. Barnard’s wwconcern over the sufferingswofwpeople is reflected in his essay. ww Out of 125 million born,w12 wwmillion ww
reach a year of life, 6 million die before 5 years of age.
Sad thoughts stem from an accident, when his wife and himself twere knocked down by a speeding car.
i .
ani entet
. i .
a ni entet
. i .
a ni enet
. i .ani entet
. t t
il.ani.ene
a
ss l a l
Experiences agony and a l
anger,a l
unable to understand why a l a
they l had to suffer. The doctora l a
had l broken 11 ribs while his l a
wife
a
adaada had fractured her.w asas ss
adaada asas ss
adaada
p.apdad He had to take care .apdadcare of a baby.
ur
w.wp.p w shoulder. w.wpof.ppatients and his wife hadwto .wptake w.wp.p w.w
ww w ww w ww w
Recalls father’s advice that God tests man to make him a better person.
ww w ww w ww
Bernard found nothing noble in a patient’s suffering, or a crying child.
t t t t t
i.entedisturbing as total trust
t
i.entelaid in doctors, leaving t t
l
a il.ani.eneof sophisticated heart
Lack l a il.ani.ene and suffering children
surgery la il.anwas l a il.anwas l a il.ani.ene
.s
as
adsa everything to fate. adaadsa as a
adsa s a
adsas a
adsa s
w .wp.apda w .wp.p w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww
The Grand Prix of Cape town’s Red Cross Hospital was an eye-opener. ww ww ww
That morning an unattended breakfast trolley was commandeered by a bold crew, consisting of a driver and a mechanic.
w
tet etet t driver sat on the mower

.entethe etet etet
asl aThe
il.ani.enmechanic gave motor power
asl ail.ani.nrunning behind the trolley,
asl ail.aniand asl ail.ani.n deck steered by scraping
asl ail.ani.n
aa dada his foot on the floor. dada
s s
.p.apa
s
dada
.p.apa
s
dada .p.apa dadas
.p.apa
w.wp.p The show was ww ww w before the nurse scolded
ww ww w.w
ww wwgood. The plates scattered w
everywhere ww and put them both back
wwto bed. ww
w
The mechanic was seven years old. He lost his eyesight after receiving severe third-degree burns as an impact of a fight
between t his drunken father andnmother t who threw a lanternnthat missed
t his father and hit thetemechanic
t instead. At the tet
i .ani.entePrix, he was a walking i.ai.ente i .ai.ente i.ani.en .ni.en
asl aGrand
l asla horror.
l asl a l asl a l aslaila
w
s adsa adsa daadsa adsa

. p.apdaada Barnard knew that.wphe
apdahad
. successfully closed a . p.apdain
hole the driver’s heart. With
. pa
.apmalignant tumour of the apdahis
bone,
. p. arm
ww ww ww
was amputated. He had full confidence in the mechanic. ww ww ww
These two children taught a lesson of getting on with the business of living which is the celebration of being alive.

aWe ntet a better person after
il.ani.ebecome a ntet experienced suffering.
il.ani.ehaving a ntetnot what we lose thatamatters,
il.ani.eIt’s
t t
il.ani.ene but what is left behind. a
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a l a l a l
ww ww ww ww ww ww
38
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
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il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a39
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww wwghl¢ RU¡f« ww ww ww
Dr. g®dh®£
ai l ntet
.ani.emt®
k‰W« mt® kidÉ
a il
tM»a ïUtU« xU Ég¤âš
.ani.ente nahá¡f Mu«ã¤jh®. a il
et á¡»¡ bfhŸ»‹wd®.
.ani.entmt® a il
t
gy¤j fha§fŸ V‰g£l
.ani.ente th®¤ijfshd ‘flîŸ a il.ani.ente
t
ãwFjh‹,
a l tÈia¥ g‰¿ l
ÔÉukhf
saas sasl jªij mtÇl« sas l T¿a saasl
. p.apdaadsas nrhâ¤J mtid
kÅjid . p.apdaadc‹djkhdtdhf . p.apdaada
g¡Ft¥gL¤J»wh®’ v‹gij. p. aada kW¡»wh®. nkY«,
apdKjÈš . p.apdaad
kU¤Jt®,
w
w brÉÈaiu e«ã j« w w w
w áW FHªijfŸ gL« w w w w w.w
ww ww thœ¡ifiana x¥gil¡F« ww ww Jau« mt® cŸs¤ij ww ãs¥gjhf mt® ww
m
F¿¥ãL»wh®.
xUrka« entet Dr. g®dh®£, nf¥lîÅš
il.ani.ftÅ¥ghu‰w,
t cŸs xU FHªijfŸ
.ani.ente bršY« jŸSt©oia
ilvL¤J¢
t
t kU¤JtkidÆš
il.ani.ene th®L KGtJ«
f©letfh£á t g‰¿ F¿¥ãL»wh®.
il.ani.ne bfh©L, midtiuí«
t t
il.ani.ene
m§F a l
xUa czit a l a a l a a l a
jŸË¡ a l a
daadsas cl« ey« ghâ¡f¥g£l adsas ïU FHªijfŸ g‰¿a adsas adsas adsas
co
w.wp.apk»œÉ¤j,
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda r«gt« mJ. mªj w wp.apdaFHªijfËš
.ïU .wp.apda
xUt‹ gh®ita‰wt‹
w w.w
ww k‰wt‹ xU ifia wwïHªjt‹. ifia ïHªjt‹ ww X£Lduhfî«, k‰wt‹ ww ïaªâu cjÉahsuhfî« ww brayh‰¿dh®. ww
(mjhtJ k»œ¢á¡F kdnk ãujhd«... ghâ¡f¥g£l clšey«.)
ïªjer«gt« t t _y« g®dh®£ TWtJ t v‹dbt‹whš jh« t J‹g¤â‹
t jtwhd xUeg¡f¤ijna t t gh®¤jjhfî«, t t
k‰bwhUòw«l a il.ani.nev‹d v‹gij mªj l a .ani.ente
ilFHªijfŸ jh‹ òÇa l ail.ani.ene
it¤jjhfî« F¿¥ãL»wh®. l a il.ani.ne l a il.ani.ene
a s as as a s as
s.
adsa adsa daadsa kÅjdhŒ M¡F»wJ adsa asa
w .wp.apda c©ikÆš J‹g¤â‹ w .wp.apdamDgt« jh‹ xUtiu w .wp.apc‹dj w .wp.apda v‹»w j« FHªijÆ‹ w pdad
.wp.ath®¤ijÆ‹ w.w
ww m®¤j¤ij òÇªJ w
w
bfh©lh®. xUt® Jau¤ij wwmDgÉ¡fhÉ£lhš, thœ¡ifia ww mDgÉ¡f ïayhJ ww v‹gij òÇªJ ww
bfh©l mt®, ïHªjij Ãid¤J tUªjhkš, ïU¥gij bfh©L k»H nt©Lbkd F¿¥ãL»wh®.
ok
etet etet t t
il.ani.ene etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n sasl ail.ani.n SUMMARY OF s asl aPARAGRAPHS s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww
Textual Paragraphs w
w ww jÄHh¡f« ww ww
1. More and more, as I near the end of my career as a heart surgeon, 1. X® ïja mWit á»¢ir Ãòz® v‹w v‹ thœ¡if
my ithoughts
l a l
t
.ani.ente have turned to thelaconsideration
il
o
.ani.ente
t of why people i.anbe¿Æ‹
l a l i.ente
t ïWâia eh‹ beU§F«nghJ,
l a i
l .ani.ente
t kÅj®fŸ V‹
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
sashould
s suffer. Suffering seems ascruelly prevalent in the world
dsaso adsaas ntjid¥gl nt©L« a v‹w ftdkhd áªjid,
daadsasbfh©oUªjJ. sankY«
s
apdaadatoday. Do you know that apofdaathe apdathis aptªJ apdaadacy»š
ab
w. wp. .wp. 125 million children . p.
born
w nkY« v‹DŸ .wp. . p
ï‹iwa
w . w.w
ww ww w
wwand another ww ghâ¥ò v‹gJ r®t w ww ww
year, 12 millionw are unlikely to reach the age of one ntjidw mšyJ rhjhuzkh»É£lJ
six million will die before the age of five? And, of the rest, many v‹gJ xU bfhLik. ïªj M©L ãwªj 125 ÄšÈa‹
will end (12½ tnfho) FHªijfËš, 12 ÄšÈa‹ FHªijfŸ xU t
i .
ani entup
. et as mental or physical cripples.i .ani entet
. i .
a ni ente miltj‰F K‹ò«,inkY«
.
taJ . ani entet 6 ÄšÈa‹ FHªijfŸ
. t
il.ani5.ene
a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a
adsas adsas adsas taâ‰F K‹ò« ïwªJ s
adsanghŒÉLth®fŸ adsas
v‹gJ c§fS¡F¤
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda kd«
ur
w w w bjÇíkh? w
ÛâíŸst®fËš, w
bgU«ghyhndh®, w.w
ww ww ww mšyJ clš ww rh®ªj FiwghLfis¡wbfh©oU¥gh®fŸ. w ww
2. My gloomy thoughts probably stem from an accident I had a 2. xU áy M©LfS¡F K‹ò vd¡F V‰g£l xU
t tet street with my wife .nÉg¤âÈUªJ, t t tet t t
la .ani.enteago. One minute I was crossing
few iyears
l l a il.ani.enthe la ilai.ene vdJ ïU©l
l a il.ani.enáªjidfŸ njh‹¿ÆU¡f¡
l a il.ani.ene
.s
as
adsaafter a lovely meal together, a
adands
sa the next minute a car had a s as a s
.wp.apda me and knocked mew pdawife.
.wp.amy daadhit
p.apother
sa TL«. x‹whf asa
nr®ªJ czî
p.apdad flªJ bfh©oUªnj‹.
rh¥ã£LÉ£L, adsa
.wp.apda mL¤j
v‹
w into She was thrown into w the
.w kidÉíl‹ w .bjUit
w w w.w
ww lane and struckw
w
by a car coming from the opposite ww direction. ÃÄl« xU wwfh® v‹ ÛJ tªJ nkhâ, wwv‹ kidÉíl‹ ww
ÑnH jŸËaJ. mL¤j tÊ¤jl¤âš (lane) mtŸ ö¡»
w
v¿a¥g£L, vâ® âirÆÈUªJt tªj xU fhuhš mtŸ t

n entet n entet n entet jh¡FjY¡F ente ente
sasa
.
laila i .
sa laila . i. laila. i .
nkY« lail.ani.
cŸshdhŸ. lail.ani.
aadaDuring the next few days adsaahospital, adsaasa3. aa sasa daada eh‹ sasa
.
ww p.a
p d3. . p.aindathe
p I experienced p
w wanger. I could not understand .
ww
not
.apdaonly kU¤JtkidÆÈUªj
w .wp.apdad mL¤j áy âd§fË‹ w .
w p.apnghJ, w.w
ww agony and fear w
butwalso ww why my clyhY«, wwkdjhY« fL« ntjidia ww mDgÉ¤nj‹. ww
w
wife and I had to suffer. I had eleven broken ribs and a perforated mJ k£Lkšyhkš, nfhgK« bfh©oUªnj‹. ehD«,
lung. My wife had a badly fractured shoulder. Over and over, I v‹ kidÉí« V‹ ghâ¡f¥gl nt©L« v‹gij
t t t t t t t
asked
l a i
l .ani.en e
myself, why should this happen
la il.ani.eto
n eus? I had work to do,
l a i
l i.ente
.anv‹dhš òÇªJ bfhŸs .n
l a il a i.ente
KoaÉšiy. vdJ 11 Éyh
l a il.ani.ente
saafter
s all; there were patientsdawaitingdsaas for me to operate on them. sas vY«òfŸ K¿ªâUªjd. as nkY« EiupuÈš gyaJisfŸ sas
w
. p.apdaadaMy wife had a young baby . p.apawho . p.apdaada V‰g£oUªjd. . p. pdaadsakidÉÆ‹

av‹ p
njhŸg£il
. .apdadavY«ò
w w w w needed her care. w w ww w w w w.w
ww ww ww nkhrkhfwK¿ªâUªjJ. ‘ek¡F V‹ ï¥go ww neu nt©L«?’ ww
vd vd¡F ehnd gyKiw nkY« nkY« nf£L¡
bfh©oUªnj‹. eh‹ brŒa nt©oa ntiy Ãiwa
i .ani entet
. i.ani entet
. i . ani.ente
ïUªjJ.
t mWit á»¢ir¡fhf t t
il.ani.ene nehahËfŸ vd¡fhf¡
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a l a l a la l a l a a l a
adsas adsas adsas fh¤J¡ bfh©oU¥gh®fŸ adsas . v‹ kidÉ¡nfh, s
adsav§fŸ
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda ïs« FHªijia w .wp.apdaftÅ¤J¡ bfhŸswnt©L« .wp.apda v‹w w.w
ww ww ww ww
njit ïUªjJ. ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.3n
40saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s s
a
ada sl s
ada asl
ww ww
4. My father, had he still been alive, would have said: “My son, 4. v‹ jªij ï¥nghJ cÆnuhL ïUªâUªjhš, ï›thW
it’s God’ste will. That’s the way God tests you. Suffering ennobles
.en t you a better person.l”ail.ani.entet
brhšÈÆU¥gh® : “v‹ kfnd,te
ntet ïªj tÊÆš flîŸac‹id t flîË‹ á¤j« (God’s
ïJ t
you
l ail.animakes
– l a i
l .ani.e
will). l i
l .ani.en nrhâ¡»wh®. ïªj ghâ¥òl a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas c‹id xU áwªj saas sas
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaadkÅjdhf . p.apdaada xU
cUth¡F«. ca®thd
ww w ww w ww w w w
Ãiyia¤wjU«...” ww w w.w
ww
m
w w w w w
5. But, as a doctor, I see nothing noble in a patient’s thrashing 5. Mdhš, xU lh¡l® v‹w KiwÆš gh®¤jhš, Éa®it
around in a sweat-soaked bed, mind clouded in agony. Nor can I C¿¥nghd gL¡ifÆš, ï§F« m§F« òu©lgo,
see any ntet in the crying of a lonely
i.ani.enobility
tet in a ward at night.
i.ani.enchild ntet
e
il.ai.jh§fKoahj
n ntjidÆš tet ciy¢rÈš ïU¡F«
il.ani.enkd
t t
il.ani.ene
lal la l l a l a l a
adsaas adsaas a
adsas xU nehahËÆl«, as xU ca®thd Ãiyiaí«
asavªj a
adsas
co
p
w.w
a
. pda p
w.w
a
.pda
w .wp.apda v‹dhš fhz
w .apdad
.wpKoaÉšiy. .wp.apda ïuÉš,
mšyJ, xUwth®oš, w.w
ww ww ww w
jÅ¤J¡w»l¡F« xU FHªijÆ‹ mGifÆš, ww vªj xU ww
nk‹ikahd c‹dj g©igí« (nobility) v‹dhš fhz
KoaÉšiy.
n.entet
il.ai days, they didn’t have sophisticated
i.ai n.entet i.ai
t t
n.ene .i t t n.ene i.ai
t t n.ene
saIn
6. a slathose saaslal heart surgery. I haveasla6.
sa l mªj eh£fËš mâ aslaila mWit á»¢ir Kiwfis
saeåd saaslal
s.
a daad always found the suffering a d
of
aad
children particularly d a
heartbreaking
a a d FHªijfŸ a daad
bg‰¿U¡fÉšiy. lh¡l®fŸ a
k‰W« daade®°fŸ
w.wp.p - especially because w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.pfhuzkhf, w.w
ww ww of their total trust in doctors wwand nurses. ww it¤âUªj KG e«ã¡ifÆ‹
ÛJ mt®fŸ ww ww
They believe you are going to help them. If you can’t they accept eh‹ v¥nghJ« f©oUªj FHªijfË‹ ntjidia¡
their fate. They go through mutilating surgery, and afterwards F¿¥ã£L¢ brhšy nt©LbkÅš, mJ Äfî« nrhfkhd
ok
t
entecomplain. tet ntet vdyh«. Ú§fŸacjÉ t t vdetet
theyi.adon’t
a l al ni .
a l .
aila ni e
. n
a l . ni e
x‹W
.
aila mt®fŸ a l il.ani.enebrŒa¥ngh»Ö®fŸ a lail.ani.n
s
ada s s
ada s s
ada s s
ada s
e«ã¡bfh©oU¥gh®fŸ. c§fshš Koahkš
aas s
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda .wp.apda Éâia mt®fŸ V‰W¡
nghdhš, mt®fË‹
w w .apdad
.wpbfhŸth®fŸ. w.w
ww ww ww clÈ‹w w âR¡fŸ mf‰w¥gl mWit
áy ww á»¢ir brŒJ ww
o bfhŸth®fŸ. mj‰F¥ ãwF, mt®fŸ F‰w« Fiw vijí«
Tw kh£lh®fŸ.
i.ni. entet .ni. entet .ni. entet .ni. entet il.ani. entet
7. a
ad
One
slalamorning, several years
saGrand ad aaslaIilawitnessed what I call athe
ago,
s dsa asla7. ila gy M©LfS¡F K‹dhš, a
d s
a aslaila xU fhiy ntisÆš, adsaaslanf¥
Prix of Cape Town’s
.apa Red Cross Children’s w Hospital.
d d .wp.apina allIt
d d d
aa lîÅ‹ brŠáYitaa FHªijfŸ kU¤JtkidÆš
apa xU
w.wp.p opened my eyes towthe w.wp.p
ab
w.wpfact that I was missing something w.wp.fh® w.w
ww w ww ww f©nl‹. ‘r®tnjr nkh£lh®
Ãfœ¢áia¡ ww gªja«’ ww
my thinking about suffering – something basic that was full of v‹W brhšy¡ Toa msÉš mJ ïUªjJ. mJ vdJ
solace for me. f©fis¤ âwªjJ. vªj tifÆš v‹W brhš»nw‹.
te t tet ntet t t vdJ áªjidfËš t t
il.ai.ene v‹gJ X® c©ik. il.ani.ene
n en n e n n ntjidfŸ,
e ghâ¥òfŸ ng‰¿a
a l a il.ai. a l ail.ai. a l a il.ai.eh‹ vijnah a l
ïHªâU¡»nw‹ a a l a
adsas adsas adsas mo¥gilahdadVnjh adsas x‹W - vd¡F KG adsas
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.pa .wp.apda MWjš
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww jªâU¡f¡wwToa x‹W jh‹ mJ. ww ww
8. What happened there that morning was that a nurse had left 8. mªj fhiy neu¤âš v‹d elªjJ v‹whš, fhiy czit
a breakfast
entettrolleybyunattended. And very soon
t this trolley was vL¤J tU« jŸSt©oia, xU tet e®° m§F É£LÉ£L¢
i . ni.
commandeered
a l a an intrepid crew
a i
l .
a ni e
.
ofntetwo – a driver and a a i
l .
a ni e
. ntet É£lhŸ. j§fisaxU
br‹W il.ani en‘oiut®’
. k‰W« ‘bk¡fhÅ¡’ a
t t
il.ani.ene
l l l l l
.s
a
adsa s s as asa as s as as
asaïu©L
.wp.apda mechanic. The mechanic
. p.apdaada motor power by .galloping
provided p.apdad
v‹W brhšÈ¡ bfh©L,
. aada bfhŠrK« ga« ïšyhj,
p.apdjŸSt©oia . .apdadvL¤J¡
ptr«
w along behind the w w
trolley with his head down, while w w áWt®fŸ, w
mªjw j§fŸw w w.w
ww ww ww the driver, ww
bfh©lh®fŸ. jŸS t©o¡F¥ ã‹dhš, jiyia¡ FÅªJ
ww ww
seated on the mower deck, held on with one hand and steered
by scraping his foot on the floor. The choice of roles was easy bfh©L, mªj “bk¡fhÅ¡”, t©oia ntfkhf jŸË¡
w
because e te
thet mechanic was totally blind e te
andt the driver had only entet
bfh©oUªjh‹. mªj “oiut®”, etet t©oÆ‹ K‹dhš etet
l .ani.n
ailarm. l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.czî it¡F« j£oš l l.ani.n bfh©L xU sifahš
aimk®ªJ l ail.ani.n
s
ada a
one
s s
ada as s
ada as s as
a a jiuia fhyhš njŒ¤jgo, as
ada mªj
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda mjid ão¤J¡
w pdad
.wp.abfh©L, w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww t©oia wwx£o¡ bfh©oUªjh‹. woiut®, w bk¡fhÅ¡ ww
w
v‹W mt®fŸ brhšÈ¡ bfh©lJ rÇjh‹, VbdÅš,

‘bk¡fhÅ¡’ áWtD¡F KGtJkhf f©gh®it »ilahJ,
t t t t ntet t t
i .ni. en e ila .ni. e n e ia e
.ni.‘oiutU¡F«’
ila xU if k£Lnk .ni.enteïUªjJ. .ni.ente
slalaput on quite a show that
saaThey aslaJudging saasla9. l m‹iwa âd« mt®fŸ saaslamªj aslaila
w
9.
dad d a
d saday. by the laughterd and
ad d a
d Ãfœit K‰¿Y« d a
dsae‹whf
aa aa aa aa .p.apa
w.wp.p shouts of encouragement w.wp.pfrom the rest of the patients,
w.wp.pit was el¤âd®. w w.wp.p ãw nehahË¢ áWt®fË‹
ÛâÆUªj ww w áÇ¥òfS«, w.w
ww ww ww
much better entertainment than anything anyone puts on at the
w w
C¡f¥gL¤J« T¡FušfS«, mªj ÃfœÉ‹ j‹ikia
ww
Indianapolis 500 car race. There was a grand finale of scattered âwdhŒî brŒjd vdyh«. ‘ï©oahdhbghÈ°
platesnand tetsilverware before the nurse t
andt ward sister caught ntet v‹w fh® gªja« angh£oiaÉl,
500’ t t ïJ áwªj xUetet
l a il.ai.enthem, l a i.ene
il.anthem la il.ani.e
bghGJngh¡fhf l
mikªjJ. il.ani.eneïWâÆš c¢r¡f£l¤âš lail.ani.
n
saup
as with scolded them and
saas put back to bed. saas s
a as s
a as
adaad adaad adaad j£LfS«, btŸË adaadgh¤âu§fS« áj¿d..wpmªj a
.apdade®[]«,
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w ão¤J, w.w
w w w th®L cjÉahsU«,
w mªj áWt®fis
w â£o, ww
gL¡ifÆš »l¤âd®.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a41
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww
10. Let me tell you about these two. The mechanic was all of seven 10. ïªj ïu©L ngiu¥ g‰¿ eh‹ ï§F brhšy nt©L«.
years old.teOne t night, when his mother and
et father were drunk, i.ni.e ‘bk¡fhÅ¡’ v‹W brhšÈ¡ bfh©ltD¡F 7 taJ. xU t t
his ail.ani.en threw a lantern at his lfather,
mother a i
l .ani.entmissed and the lantern a l a ntet mt‹ jhí« jªijí«
ïuÉš, a i
l
tet
.ani.enFonghijÆš ïUªjnghJ, ail.ani.n
ee
s asl s as s asl s asl s asl
adaadabroke over the child’s.w head ada shoulders. He sufferedasevere
p.apdaand p.pdad
aa mtdJ m«kh,axU daadaÉs¡F¡ T©il (lantern) daadavL¤J
aFHªijahd
w w.wp.p third-degree burnswon w the upper part of his body,w w.w
and lost both mtdJ m¥ghÉ‹
w w.wp.p ÛJ åádhŸ. mJ F¿wjt¿, w.wp.p w.w
ww
m
w w w mt‹ jiyw k‰W« njhŸfËš (shoulders) w g£L, cilªjJ.
his eyes. At the time of the Grand Prix, he was a walking horror,
ïjdhš, mtdJ ïu©L f©fËY« gh®it g¿nghdJ.
with a disfigured face and long flap of skin hanging from the mtdJ clÈ‹ nkš ghf¤âš fLikahd Ô¡fha§fŸ t t
sidei.of n t
ehis
n t
e neck to his body. As thei.nwound t t
ene healed around his i.ani.e ntet n entet ene
saas
neck,
a i .
lal his lower jaw became gripped saas a i .
lal in a mass of fibrous tissue. saaslal V‰g£L, mtD¡F ghâ¥ig
s
a aslal i .a i .
V‰gL¤âaJ. mªj jŸSt©o
saaslail.ani.
co
adaad ad
.apdacould aad
.apdraise
ÃfœÉ‹ nghJ,amt‹
.wp.pda
ad Kf« áijtilªJ ïUªjijí«, apdaad
w w.wp.p The only way thiswlittle w.wpboy open his mouth was
w w.wpto fG¤â‹ xU w wg¡f¤âÈUªJ njhš bjh§»ago w w.wp.ïUªjijí« w.w
w his head. WhenwI stopped by to see him after the w race, he said, w
gh®¡F«nghJ, mt‹ xU elkhL« nfhu w cUt« bfh©l ww
“You know, we won.” And he was laughing. áWt‹ v‹nw njh‹W«. fG¤ij¢ R‰¿ÆUªj fha§fŸ
M¿ÆUªjd. mtdJ Ñœ¤jhil (lower jaw)-ïš eu«ò âR¡fŸ t t
i .
a ni entet
. i .ani entet
. i .ani e
. ntet ïW»¥ nghÆUªjd.
âu©L i .ani entet áWt‹ mtdJ thia¤
.
ïªj il.ani.ene
asl a l asl a l asl a l a sl a l a sl a
s.
adsa adsa adsa âw¡f nt©Lbk‹whš, asa mtdJ jiyia aca®¤âdhš asa
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda k£Lnk mJw .apdad ïªj jŸSt©o
.wpKoí«. w .pdad
.wpX£l¤â‰F¥ w.w
ww ww ww wwmtid¥ gh®¤jnghJ, “c§fS¡F¤
ãwF, eh‹ ww bjÇíkh, ww
eh§fŸ bt‰¿ bg‰nwh«,” v‹W T¿É£L, áÇ¤J¡
ok
t t t t bfh©oUªjh‹
t t mt‹. t t t t
i .ni.ene ia .ni.ene ia .ni.ene .ni.ene
laila“X£Leiu” eh‹ mâfkhf aila .ni.ene
d
11. saslalatrolley’s driver I knew
The
adasuccessfully d saaslal A few years earlier Idhad
better.
adhis saasla11. l mªj jŸSt©oÆ‹
athe
d d adsaasM©LfS¡F K‹ò, d aasl
adsmtdJ
a a closed a holea a
in heart. He had returned atoa m¿ªâUªnj‹. a aáy a a
w.wp.p hospital because he w.wp.p w.wp.pA few w.wp.pX® X£ilia eh‹ w.wp.p w.w
ww wwhad a malignant tumour ofw wbone.
the ww
ïja¤âÈUªj ww bt‰¿¡fukhf ww
days before the race, his shoulder and arm were amputated. mil¤âUªnj‹. cÆU¡F Mg¤jhd (malignant) f£o
There was little hope of his recovery. After the Grand Prix, he ngh‹w rij ts®¢á (tumour) mtdJ vY«ãš ïUªjjhš,
proudly
l a il
ente t
.ani. informed me that the trolley’s
la il
en te
o
t
.aniwheels
. were not properly ail.ani.
l
t
mt‹
en e t
jŸSt©o
Û©L«
X£l¤â‰F
kU¤Jtkid¡F
l a i
l
áy
ntet tªâUªjh‹. ïªj
.ani.eeh£fŸ K‹ò, mtdJ l a
njhŸ i
l .ani.ente
t
sas a
daadsasand he had full confidence sas saas sas
apdaadaoiled, but he was a good apdriver, apdaadina k‰W« if, mWit apdaadá»¢irÆ‹ apdaada
_y« J©o¡f¥g£lJ.
ab
w. wp. the mechanic. ww .wp. w .wp. .wp. .
w p. w.w
ww w ww mt‹ w ww
nehÆÈUªJ Û©blGtj‰fhd ww
w (recovery) ww
rh¤âa¡TW ïšiy v‹W jh‹ brhšy nt©L«. (little
hope of recovery = not likely to recover). mªj jŸSt©o
te t te t ntet t t t t
il.ani.ene r¡fu§fS¡F arÇahf il.ani.ene
n en n e n n X£l¤â‰F¥
e ãwF, mt‹ v‹Ål«, jh‹ xU ešy
a l a il.ai. a l ail.ai. a l a il.ai.oiut® v‹W«, jŸSt©oÆ‹
a l a l a
adsas adsas adsas v©bzŒ ÉlÉšiy adsas adsas
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda v‹W«, mªj bk¡fhÅ¡ .wp.apda áWt‹
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ÛJ, jh‹ wwKG e«ã¡if it¤âUªjjhfî«, ww bgUik ww
bgh§f bjÇÉ¤jh‹.
12. Suddenly, I realized that these two children had given me a 12. ïªj Éahghukakhd thœ¡ifÆš K‹nd¿¢ bršy,
t t t
i.ente of living. Because lail.ani.e ntet ïu©L áWt®fS« t
i.ente Äf ca®ªj (profound) t t
la il.ani.enelesson in getting on with
profound
l the
a il.anbusiness ïªj
l a il.anvd¡F l a il.ani.ene
.s
as
adsathe business of living is joy as
sa real sense of the word, notdjust
inathe a
adsa s xU ghl¤ij (lesson) as
adsaf‰W¡ bfhL¤âUªjh®fŸ as
sa eh‹
avd
w .wp.apda something for pleasure, w .apdad
.wpamusement, recreation. Thew .wp.apa of
business .wp.apda Éahghuka thœ¡if
âObud cz®ªnj‹.
w w .apdad
.wpk»œ¢áahdJ w.w
ww ww
living is the celebration of being alive.
ww v‹whY«,wwmJ ï‹g¤â‰fhd (pleasure), ww nfË¡if¡fhd ww
(amusement), bghGJ ngh¡»‰fhd (recreation), Vnjh
w
x‹whf ïU¡f ïayhJ. Éahghuka thœ¡if v‹gJ,

t t ntet t t t t
lal .iani.ente lal .iani.ente lal .iani.e
cÆnuhoU¥gj‰fhd i.ani.ene
bfh©lh£l«
lal jh‹.
lal i.ani.ene
a d
aadsaas a daadsaas a d
aadsaas a daadsaas a d
a adsaas
w.wp.p13. I had been lookingwat wp.p
w.suffering from the wrong end. .wp.pdon’t 13.
wYou .wp.p
ïJtiu ntjidia,
wwïUªJ w.wp.pnfhz¤âš
ghâ¥ig, eh‹ jtwhd w.w
ww ww but you ww ïUªâUªnj‹. ww
w
become a betterw person because you are suffering; (wrong w

end) gh®¤J¡ bfh©L
become a better person because you have experienced suffering. Ú§fŸ ntjid¥g£L¡ bfh©oU¡»Ö®fŸ v‹gj‰fhf,
We can’t tappreciate light if we haven’t known Ú§fŸ xU áwªj kÅjuhf M»Élkh£O®fŸ. Mdhš,
. ni e
. n et . ni e
. ntet darkness. Nor can .ni.e ntet
ntjidia Ú§fŸ mDgÉ¤âU¡»Ö®fŸ .ani.ente
t v‹»wnghJ, .ani.ente
t
wel a appreciate
i
l a warmth if we have
la ilnever
a suffered cold. These l a i
l a l a il l a il
sas as sas Ú§fŸ xU áwªjdad sas sas
w
apdaadachildren showed me that it’s adsawhat

apdanot apdaada
you’ve lost that’s important.
kÅjuh»Ö®fŸ.
apa a
ïU£L v‹gij¥
apdaada
w .
w p. w .
w p . w .
w p. g‰¿ eh« w . p.
m¿ªâuhjtiuÆš,
w eh«
w .
w p.
btË¢r¤ij w.w
ww What is important wwis what you have left. ww ca®thf¥ ww ngr KoahJ. FËuhšwweh« xU nghJ« ww
ghâ¡f¥g£oU¡fhÉ£lhš, btJbtJ¥ghd Ãiy
(warmth) g‰¿ eh« ca®thf¥ ngr KoahJ. Ú§fŸ vij
i .
a ni entet
. i.ani entet
. i .ani e
.ntet
ïHªâU¡»Ö®fnsh, mJ K¡»akhdjšy t t
il.ani.ene v‹gij ïªj¡ t t
il.ani.ene
a
ss l a l ssa l a l a la l
s s FHªijfŸ vd¡F asl a
sfh©ã¤âU¡»wh®fŸ. Ú§fŸ a l a
s svij
adaada adaada adaada adaada mJ jh‹ K¡»akhdJ. adaada
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p
É£L¢ brš»Ö®fnsh, w.wp.p w.w
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .n
lail.aniXII
etet
lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.3
etet
42saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p w.w
ww Glossary ww ww ww ww ww
agony t - extreme physical

t and mental suffering t , clš k‰W« kdntjidÆ‹ t t
.ani.ente .ani.ente .ani.ente .ani.ente .ani.ente
c¢r«
l ail l a i
l l a i
l l ail l a i
l
sas amputated - sacut
s off by surgical operation sas, mWit á»¢ir _y« as
scW¥ig mf‰wš sas
w w consideration w w - careful thought w w
, ftdkhd áªjid w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
m
cripples - people with some disability preventing them from performing certain normal functions,
clš FiwghLilat®fŸ mjhtJ j§fŸ ntiyia rÇtu tbrŒa ïayhik.
i.ani entet
. i .ani entet
. i .
a ni entet
. i .
a ni enet
. t t
il.ani.ene
a l disfigured
a l - aspoiled
l a l or marred in appearance
a l a l , áijªj cUt« a l a l a l a
adsas adsas ss
aada asas adsas
co
w.wp.apda ennobles w .wp.apda
- (figurative use) makes w .wp.apddignified, morally noble
w pdad
.wp, .abfsutkhŒ .wp.apda
ïU¤jš, ca®î
w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
finale - climax or an exciting end, c¢rf£l«, Koî
Grand Prix
t - (here) one of several international tmotor-racing events, r®tnjr thfd X£l¥ gªja
t
il.ani.ene entet ente entet entet
asl a aslail.ani.
ÃfœîfËš x‹W
aslail.ani. aslail.ani. aslail.ani.
s.
a s
a a s
a asa a s
a a s
a
adad intrepid ada- d bold and daring, åukhd,
adad ijÇakhd adad adad
w malignant w - (here, of diseases)
w very harmful to life, clš
w ghâ¡f¡ Toa nehŒ w ww
mutilating surgery - surgery involving removal of tissue even at the risk of worsening of the patient’s condition,
ok
etet mWit t
eteá»¢ir _y« âR¡fis tet
emf‰wš etet etet
ada perforated - adatorn and damaged with aholes
da , JisfŸ (X£ilfŸ) adaV‰g£L ghâ¥gilªjadaada
w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w.wp.p w.w
ww solace ww - comfort or consolation
ww in times of grief w orwpain, MWjš ww ww
sophisticated - (here) well advanced, eådkhd
o
thrash
.ani.entearound - (idiom)
.ani.enteto move about restlessly
t t tet efUjš n.entet t
l a i
l la i
l l a i
l .ani,.enmikâÆ‹¿ l a i
l .ai l a i
l .ani.ente
a - asaadiseased aas of the body, clÈš asaas xU f£o, å¡f«adaadsaas
a daadsas tumour p.apdad
s growth in some aspart
p.apdad
tsU«
p.apdad
w.wp.p p.p
ab
. . w.w . w.w
ww Wordsw w
ww w Synonymsw w ww w
(ïiz¢brhš) ww ww
Antonyms (vâ®¢brhš)
ww w ww
agony suffering (J‹g«) happiness (rªnjhõ«)
t t t t t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene
amputated
a l il.ani.ene
cut off (J©o¤jš)
a a l a il.ani.ene joined (ïiz¤jš)
adsas amusement s
asa(Mdªj«)
delight asas boredom sas
a(btW¥ò) asas
.wp.apda p.apdad p.apdad p.apdad p.apdad
ur
w w .w
appreciate ww admire (kâ¤jš) w .
w w .w
criticize, condemn (gÊ¤jš, w .w w.w
ww ww ww wwf©o¤jš) ww
career profession (bjhÊš) -
celebration achievement (rhjid) failure (njhšÉ) tet
i .ani.entet t t
il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.en
t t
il.ani.ene
l a l
commandeered hijacked l a la released (ÉLÉ¤jš) l a l a
.s
a s as(fl¤Jjš) a s as a s
w .wp.apda confidence w .apdad
.wpself-reliance (Rae«ã¡if) w.wp.apda .wp.apda distrust (e«ã¡ifÆ‹ik)
diffidence,
w w .wp.apda w.w
ww consideration ww careful thought (#h¡»uij) ww ww
disregard (my£áa« brŒjš) ww ww
encouragement motivation (ö©Ljš) discouragement (C¡fÄ‹ik)
w
t t tet t t t t t t
lal i.ani.ene
ennobles dignify (kâ¥ò i.ani.enbfhL¤jš)
aslal i.ani.ene
lal i.ani.ene
humiliate (mtkhd¥gL¤Jjš)
aslal i.ani.ene
aslal
a daadsaas fact a
sa
daad(c©ik)
truth a daadsaas fictionap daadsa f‰gid¡fij).p.apdaadsa
(òidî,
w.wp.p fate
.
ww p. p w.wp.p - ww
. p. ww w.w
ww ww destiny (Éâ) ww ww ww ww
w
finale climax (c¢rf£l«) beginning (Mu«g«)

gloomy t sorrowful (nrhf«) t t cheerful (c‰rhf«)entet t
l a i
l .ani.ente la i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani. l a i
l .ani.ente
saas important significant
saas (F¿¥ãl¤j¡f msî)saas insignificant,
saasinessential (K¡»a¤Jt« ïšyhj)
saas
w

w w.wp.p intrepid .p (ijÇakhd)
w.wpbold w.wp.p w.wp.p(ga¥gl¤j¡f)
fearful w.wp.p w.w
w ww ww w w w w ww
malignant deadly (mghafukhd) benign, harmless (mghaÄšyhj)
nobility decency (xG¡fkhd) dishonour (mtkhd«)
il.ani.netet etet
.ni.n . ni entet
. t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
adsasalanoble gentle (ÄUJthd)
asas alaila a
asas
la i
l a ignoble (k£lkhd)
a
adsas
l a a
adsas
l a
w .wp.apda particularly
w .apdad (F¿¥ãl¤j¡f) w.wp.apdad
.wpnotably .wp.apda(bghJthf)
generally
w w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww damaged with holes (X£ilíl‹
perforated (adj) ww w
áijªâU¤jš)w intact (gGJglhj) ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a43
ada ada ada ada ada
ww Wordsww Synonymsw w
(ïiz¢brhš) ww Antonyms (vâ®¢brhš)
ww ww
pleasure joy (rªnjhõ«) agony (cis¢rš)
prevalent
entet common (bghJthd)
entet t rare (mÇjhd) t t
l a i
l .ani. l a i
l .ani. l a i
l .ani.ente
sas profound veryad sas (ca®ªj)
great sas slight (á¿J) sas sas
. p.apdaada . p.apda a . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w severe w w w w w.w
ww serious (Äf K¡»akhd) mild
w w w w (bkÈjhd) w
ww ww ww ww ww
m
solace comfort (brsfÇa«) distress, worry (Ã‰fâ, tU¤j«)
sophisticated
tet well advanced (mâ
tet eåd) t t primitive (giHikahd)
tet t t
il.ani.en il.ani.en(cis¢rš, ghâ¥ò)alail.ani.ene ia .ni.en il.ani.ene
a
adsas
l asuffering agony, l a
distress
a
asas asas saaslal
enjoying (Mdªj¥gLjš) a
adsas
l a
co
.wp.apda .apdad p.apdad adaad .wp.apda
w totally w .wpcompletely (KGtJkhf) w.w w.wp.p (gFâahf)
partially w w.w
ww ww ww w w ww ww
i . ni entet
. i .ni.
T
entet extual Q
uestions t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
asl a l a asl a l a a sl a a sl a a sl a
s.
daadsaAnswer the following
1.
.wp.ap
adsa
.wp.apda questions in one w or.w
ptwo
asa
.apdadsentences based w on
asa
pdad understanding of
.wp.ayour
adsa
.apdalesson.
.wpthe
w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
a. What thoughts troubled Dr. Christiaan Barnard as he neared the end of his career as a heart surgeon?
etAs Dr. Barnard neared the end of his career as a heart tsurgeon, his thoughts have turned to the considerationtet
ok
i i.entwhy
.anof i .
a ni.entet i .ani.enet i .ni.entet
a e
ail.ani.n
s
aa asl a l people should
aasasuffer.
sl a l consideration - gÇÓyid,
s
aa asl a l suffer - ghâ¡f¥gLjšs
aa asl a l
aas asl
d p.apdad p.apdad p.apdad d
w .wp.apda b. What were w.w w .w w .
w w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww Dr. Barnard’s feelings when
ww he was hospitalizedwafter
w an accident? ww ww
Dr. Barnard could not understand why he and his wife had to suffer.
o
t feelings - cz®îfŸ,n.understand t t t t
.ani.ente .aiente .ani.ente .ani.ente .ani.ente
- òÇªJ bfhŸtJ
l a i
l la i
l l a i
l l a i
l l a i
l
sas adsaasthe accident occur?adaadsaas sas sas
apdaadac. When and where apdadid p apdaada apdaada
ab
w.wp. .wp . .
w p. .
wp. .
w p. w.w
ww ww
Thewaccident occurred when Dr. w ww with his wife after awlovely
wwBarnard was crossing thewstreet ww meal together, ww
and the next minute, a car had hit him and knocked him into his wife. She was thrown into the other lane and
struck et opposite direction. tet
tet by a car coming from tthe tet tet
en en .ani.en - jh¡»aJ, oppositeladirection
il.ani.en - vâ® âir alail.ani.en
aslail.ani.accident - Ég¤J, knocked aslail.ani-. ïo¤J ÑnH jŸËaJ, aslailstruck as
adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsas
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww d. How didwthe w hospitalization of Dr.wBarnard w and his wife affect wwtheir routine? ww (Govt. MQP) ww
Dr. Barnard had work to do and there were patients waiting for him to operate on them. His wife had a
young
ni.ente t baby who needed her
ni.entcare.
et routine - tH¡fkhd, t
ni.entepatients ni.entetbaby - ïs« FHªij ni.entet
- nehahËfŸ, young
i.a i.a i.a i.a i.a
.s
a d
a a
d e. How was Dr. daad
Barnard’s attitude to sufferingdaad
different from that of hisd ad
father’s?
a daad
w.wp.p .p.ap a
w.wp.p
a
w.wp.p
a
w.wp.p w.w
ww Dr. w ww w father, had he still
Barnard’s wwbeen alive, would have said,ww “That it was God’s will.ww
That’s the way God ww
tests you, suffering ennobles us - makes us a better person”.
w
t
i.ente But, as a doctor, sees ni.entet noble in a patient’s
.anothing thrashing
etet ni.entet
around in a sweat-soaked bed, mind clouded etet
s asl ail.anin agony. Nor can hes asl
see ailany nobility in the crying
s asl aofil.anai.nlonely child in a ward
s asl aatil.anight. s asl ail.ani.n
aa dada dada
p.apa dada
p.apa dada
p.apa dada
aa
w.wp.p w.w
attitude w.w w.w w.wp.p w.w
ww ww - kd¥gh§F, thrashing
ww- â©lhLjš, nguo (tÈ,
wwntjidíl‹) ww ww
w
f. How was the unattended trolley put to use?

t tet put to use by two little et .entet drove it happily. lail.ani.entet
l a i
l .ani.ente The unattended trolley
la i
l.ani.enwas l a i
l .ani.entpatients as their vehicle.
l a i
l.aniThey
as as as as as
w
s sa s s s
p apdaada apda-admQfhj,
unattended apdaada happily - k»œ¢áíl‹
trolley - ïGt©o, apdaada apdaada
w .
w . w.wp. w.wp. w.wp. w.wp. w.w
ww ww
g. What roles did the duo take up? ww ww ww ww
The duo took up the role of a mechanic and a driver. duo - ïUt®
h.
l a .entet did the choice ofla
il.aniWhy
tet
il.ani.enprove
roles to be easy forlathem?
t t
il.ani.ene l a
t t
il.ani.ene l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas as
.wp.apda pdaroles
.wp.aof
The choice was easy because .apdamechanic
.wpthe .wp.apda and the driver had only
was totallywblind
daadsaarm.
.wp.apone
w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
choice - nj®ªbjL¤jš
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.3n
44saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s
s
a
ada sl s
ada asl
w .wp.apda i. .wp.apdathem and how? w.wp.apda
Who encouraged
ww ww ww ww ww ww
The patients encouraged them by laughing and praising the duo.
t encouraged - C¡FÉ¤jš, t laughing - áÇ¤J, praising -t ghuh£o t t
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas to? sas sas
. p.apdaadaj. What does Dr..wpBarnard apdaada compare this entertainment
. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w
Dr. w ww compares this entertainment
Barnard w w
to the Indianapolis w w w w w.w
ww ww ww 500 car race. ww ww
m
compares - x¥ã£L gh®¤jš, entertainment - bghGJngh¡F
k.
l a .entet happened in thelagrand
il.aniWhat
t t
il.ani.enefinale? l a
t t
il.ani.ene l a
t t
il.ani.ene (PTA-1, l 4il&
a
entet
.ani.5)
a
adsas a
ss a a a
aada finale of scattered daadsasand silverware, before adsas adsas
co
w.wp.apda w .wpa.apdgrand
There was w plates
.wp.ap w.wp.apda the nurse and wardwsister
.wp.apdacaught up w.w
ww with them,wwscolded them and put them ww back to bed. scatteredw w
- áj¿a, silverware - btŸËÆyhd ww ww
l. Howt does Dr. Barnard know the boy who played the trolley’s driver?
. ni ente
. .ni.entet . ni entet
. t t
il.ani.eneheart. He had returned .entet
il.anito
a sl a i
l a A few years earlier,
asl a i
the
l a doctor had successfully
a sl ail closed
a a hole in trolley’sasdriver’s
l a a sl a
s.
adsa adsa asa adsa the race, his shoulder adsa
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda he had a malignant
the hospital because
w .wp.apdad of the bone. A few
tumour
w p.apdabefore
days
.w w .wp.apda and arm w.w
ww ww
were amputated. There was little hope ww of his recovery. After the wwGrand Prix, he proudlywinformed w the doctor ww
that the trolley’s wheels were not properly oiled, but he was a good driver, and he had full confidence in the
ok
.i nmechanic.
.entet .i n.entet
successfully - bt‰¿fukhf, malignant tumour
.i - tbfhoa f£o, confidence
n.ente .i
t
n.ent-ee«ã¡if .i n.entet
a
d s
a aslaila adsaslaila
a a
dsaaslaila ads
a aslaila adsaaslaila
ada m. What was the.wpprofound
ada lesson that Dr..Barnard
ada learnt from the boys?
ada ada
w.wp.p w .p w wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww w w w w
The profound lesson that Dr. Barnard learnt from the boys was that it’s not what you’ve lost that’s
w w w w ww
important. What is important is what you have left.
a l a i
l ntet
.ani.eprofound - e‹F cz®ªj,.n
la i
l a
learnt
ot
i.ente - f‰wh®, importantl-aK¡»akhd,
i
l .ani.ente
t left - É£L¢ bršYjš
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
daadsas saas a
daadsas sas sas
ap apdaadquestions apfour apdaada apdaada
ab
w.wp. 2. Answer the following
w .
w p. in three
w or
.
w p. sentences. w .p
w . w .
w p. w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
a. Detail the statistics Dr. Barnard has provided in his speech.
tSuffering seems so cruelly prevalent in the world
ni.entet the age of one andlaanother t ttoday. Out of 125 million t children born this year, t
l a i.entemillion are unlikely lto
il.an12 ail.areach il.ani.ene six million will die l a .ani.ente the age of five andlaofil.anthe
ibefore
l i.ente
a
ss a
asas a
ss a
adsas a
ss
adaada .apdadup as mental or physical adaada .wp.apda provided by Dr. Barnard. adaada
rest, many willw.wpend w.wp.p cripples. This is the w statistics
ur
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w

ww w ww
statisticsw- òŸËÆaš, cruelly prevalent
ww ww
w - Äfî« bfh^ukhdJ,wmental or physical cripplesw- kd mšyJ clš ww ww
Kl¡f«, provided - tH§f¥g£lJ
b.
la .entet happened whenlathe
il.aniWhat ntet couple were crossing
il.ani.edoctor la
t t
il.ani.enethe street? l a
t t
il.ani.ene (HY.
l a i.ente
il.an19)
t
.s
a
adsa s a
asa s a
asa s a
adsas asaas
w .wp.apda When Dr.
w .apdad and his wife were
.wpBarnard w .apdad a street after a meal,
.wpcrossing w.wp.apadacar knocked him intowhis pdad She was
.wp.awife. w.w
ww ww ww ww
thrown out into the other lane where another car from the opposite direction struck her. ww ww
opposite direction - vâ®¤ âirÆš, struck her - mtis¤ jh¡»aJ
w
c.
l .entet injuries did theylasustain
ail.aniWhat
t t t t
il.ani.ene in the accident?alail.ani.ene l
etet
ail.ani.n (Sep.l a2020)
t t
il.ani.ene
s
ada as s as s s s as s as
.wp.apda Dr. Barnard aadaeleven broken ribs.pand
.wp.apdhad
aa
.apdaadperforated lung. His
ada
.apdahad
.wpwife a badly fractured
aa
.apdad
.wpshoulder.
w w w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
injuries - fha§fŸ, broken ribs - cilªj Éyh vY«òfŸ, badly fractured shoulder - nkhrkhf cilªj njhŸ
d. Dr.teBarnard
t couldn’t find anytenobility t in suffering. Why? t t t
a i
l .ani.en a i
l.ani.en a i
l .ani.ente a i
l.ani.ente a i
l .ani.ente
sasl He couldn’t find any nobility in sufferingabecause
l l his heart sinks, when sas the patients move about
l sarestless
l
dsaas sas s
w
. p.apdaada and when a lonely

. p.apdaachild cries in a ward at
. p.apdada
night. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
nobility - bgUªj‹ik, sinks - kd¢nrh®î mil»wJ, restless - mikâa‰W, lonely - jÅahd
e. .niWhy
ila .ene does Dr. Barnard find
il.ani.esuffering of children heartbreaking?
t t ntet t t t t t t
a l a a l a a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas Dr. Barnard asas the suffering of children
finds asas heartbreaking because asaofs their total trust inadoctorsasas and
w .wp.apda w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.pdad w.w
ww nurses. wsuffering
w - ntjid, heartbreaking ww - ïja¤ij behW¡F»wJ ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a45
ada ada ada ada daada
w .wp.apda f. How did thewboy .wp.apda
who played the .wp.apdalose his eyesight? w.wp.apda
mechanic
w w .wp.ap(March 2020) w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
One night, when the boy’s mother and father were drunk, his mother threw a lantern at his father.
It missed
tet and the lantern broke teover
t the child’s head and shoulders.
tet He suffered severe tethird-degree
t burns on thet t
. ni e
. n . ni e
. n . ni e
. n . ni e
.n .ni.ene
s aslalaupper part of his bodyasand
i
s lala lost both his eyes. drunk
i
s
i i
aslala- Fo¤âUªjd®, severea-slafLikahd,
s la aslaila
burns - Ô¡fha§fŸ
s
w g. Why does w w w w w.w
wwDr. Barnard describe the blind
w w w boy as a ‘walking horror’?
w w
ww ww ww ww ww
m
Dr. Barnard described the blind boy as a ‘walking horror’ because he had a disfigured face and a long flap
of tskin was hanging from thet side of his neck to his body.
enet enet entet entet entet
saaslail.ani.walking horror - elkhL«s
aaslail.anga§fu«,
i. disfigured face
saas
il.ani.
l-aáijªj aslail.ani. bfh©L
Kf«, hanging -sbjh§»¡
a saaslail.ani.
co
adaad .wp.apda
ad adaad adaad adaad
w w.wp.p h. What werew w
the problems the trolleyw w.wp.p suffered from? ww.wp.p
driver w w.wp.p (QY. 19) w.w
w w w w w ww
A few years earlier, the doctor successfully closed a hole in the trolley’s driver’s heart. The boy also had a
malignant
entet tumour of the bone. entetHis shoulder and arm entet amputated, a few days
were entbefore
et the race. t t
a l a i
l .
a ni .
bone - vY«ò, l
amputated
a a i
l .
ani
-
.
J©o¡f¥g£ld a l ail.ani .
a l a i
l .
a ni .
a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
adad asa adad asa adad adad asa asa asa adad
w 3. Answer thewfollowing in a paragraphw of 100 – 150 words each.
w w ww
a. Give an account of the medical problems for which the two boys were hospitalized.
ok
etet t t
il.ani.eneyears old. One night,
t t
il.ani.enehis mother and father
t
i.ente drunk, his motherlathrew t t
il.ani.ene
s asl ail.ani.n The mechanic was sa sl aseven s asl awhen s asl ail.anwere s as
ada aa
a lantern at his.pfather. ada daadaand shoulders. He .suffered aa
w .wp.apda w w .apdad It missed and thewlantern .wp.apda broke over the child’s w .wp.aphead w wp.apdad severe w.w
ww third-degree
ww burns on the upper part wwof his body and lost both wwhis eyes. He was hospitalized. ww As the wound ww
healed around his neck, his lower jaw became gripped in a mass of fibrous tissue. The only way this little
o
boy tcould open his mouthn.ewas t to raise his head. Then.etrolley et driver’s heart wasi.noperated t to close a hole in it.tet
l a i
l i.entehad also a malignantlatumour
.anHe il.ai nte of the bone. A fewladays il.ai ntbefore the race, his shoulder
l a l a i.enteand arm were amputated.l
e
ail.ani.n
s
ada as s
aa as aas as s
ada as s
ada as
.p.apda There was little pdad of his recovery. .p.apdad
.p.ahope .p.apda .p.apda
ab
ww sufferedw- w
ghâ¡f¥g£lh®, wound -w w healed - FzkhdJ,wfibrous
fha«, w tissue - eu«ò¤ âR, little
w whope - á¿jsnt ww
e«ã¡if, recovery - Û£ò
b.
l a .entet two children had
il.ani“These l a
t
i.ente me a profound lesson
il.angiven l a
tet
il.ani.en…..” Elucidate. l a
t t
il.ani.ene l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsas a
ss a
ss a
adsas as
.wp.apda aada
.wp.apdrealized
Dr. Barnard that the children aadagiven him a profound
.wp.apdhad .wp.apdalesson in getting on w with daadsabusiness
.wp.apthe
ur
w w w w w.w
ww w is the joy in the real sense
of living.wIt ww of word, not just something ww for pleasure, amusement ww and recreation. ww
It is the celebration of being alive. Dr. Barnard had been looking at the suffering from the wrong end. He
understood
entet that the experience entet of suffering makes ai.apersonentet a better one. One cannot entetappreciate the light, iif.anihe
la i
l.ani.
has not known darkness. l a i
l .
a ni .
Similarly, warmth cannot labe
l ni .
appreciated, if one has l i . ni .
experienced
a l a biting cold. Thel a l .entet
two
.s
s as a
asa s s as s as a
asa s
adaada children have p.apdad Dr. Barnard that what
shown adaada adaada then what you have .apdad
w.wp.p w.w w.wp.pyou have left is more important
w.wp.p w.wplost. w.w
ww w ww ww wappreciate -ghuh£LtJww w
realizedw- cz®ªjh®, profound - Mœªj, ww w ww
w
c. Describe
t the ‘Grand Prix’ at tCape Town’s Red Cross Children’s Hospital. (QY. 19)tet
i .ani.ente At Cape Town’s Red i ni.enet
.Cross
a i .
ani.entet i .
a ni.entet e
ail.ani.n
s asl a l s asl a l Children’s Hospital,s asl aal nurse had left a breakfast
s asl a l trolley unattended. This
s astrolley
l
ada aa ada aa ada
w .wp.apda was taken overw .apdaaddaring and bold duo
.wpby w .wp-.apadadriver and a mechanic. w .apdadmechanic providedwmotor
.wpThe .wp.apda power by w.w
ww gallopingww w his head down, whilewthe w driver, seated on the mower ww deck, held on ww
w
along behind the trolley w with

with one hand and steered by scraping his foot on the floor. The choice of roles was easy because the mechanic
.anwas
i.ente totally blind and the driver
.ani.ente had only one arm.laThat
.ani.entput
et on quite a show that .aniday.
.entetJudging the laughter .aand
t t ni.entet
l a i
l la i
l i
l l a i
l l a i
l
sas shouts of encouragement sas from the rest of thedpatients,sas it was much better entertainment
sas than anything sasanyone
w
. p.apdaada puts on at . .apdaada 500 car race.

Indianapolis
p . p.apaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
breakfast - fhiy á‰W©o, daring - ijÇakhd, steered - X£odh‹, scraping - cuáago
l a l .entet did a casual incident

d. i.niHow
a l a .enteathospital help Dr. Barnard
il.aniin la
t t
il.ani.ene perceive a new dimension
l a
t t
il.ani.ene of life? l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsas a a a a
aadaa wrong view of suffering.
Dr. Barnard d ss ss ss ss
.wp.apda . p.aphad . p.apdaadaBut the two children . p
taught
.apdaada him a profound lesson. . p.apdaadInaspite of
their disabilities, w.w
wwof entertainment to thewpatients
w w w they provided a lot w w w w at the hospital. Hewlearnt w w that suffering
ww ww w w ww
is necessary and being alive is important. He also learnt that the business of living is the celebration of being
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.3n
46saslail.ai
ada s asl Sura’s s asl Std  SmartsEnglish
asl s asl
.wp.apda adaada aa
.apdadlost that’s important.
aa
.apdad is important is what
aa
pdadhave left.
.wp.ayou
w w.wp.p him, it’s not whatwyou
alive. Theywshowed w.wphave w .wpWhat w w.w
ww w w ww ww ww
He understood that we don’t become a better person because we are suffering. But we become a better person
because we have experienced suffering. Through these children, he perceived a new dimension of life.
ail ntet
.ani.esuffering - ntjid, disabilities
a i
l
t
.ani.ente - FiwghLfŸ,laentertainment
i
l .ani.ente
t
- bghGJngh¡F, ail
t
.ani.entenecessary - njitahd, a i
l .ani.ente
t
sasl sasl sas sasl sasl
. p.apdaada . .apdaada
important - K¡»akhdJ
p . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
m
e. Life is unjust and cruel to certain people. Do they all resign themselves to their fate? Can you think of
some who have fought their disabilities heroically and remained a stellar example for others? (for e.g. the
l a .entet
il.aniastrophysicist StephenlaHawking, t t
il.ani.ene a paraplegic).aGivel a ntetaccount of one such
il.ani.ean l a ni.entet and his / her struggle
il.aperson l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsas to live a fruitfulalife. a
adsas adsas a
adsas a
adsas
co
w.wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww Being
wwblind and deaf, Helen Keller ww became a lecturer andwanwactivist. It’s not so easy w towbecome a lecturer ww
for a person, if he is blind and deaf, unless they possess tremendous will power. She was the first person to
earn
entet a degree of Bachelor’s ein Arts. She was the co-founder entet of the American iCivil enteLiberties Union (ACLU),
i . ni . i .ni. ntet i . ni . . ni . t
i.ente
il.anthe
t
a sl a l a a political activist and
asl a an
l a American author. She
asl a devoted
l a much of her alater
sl a l a life to raising funds a for
sl a
s.
adsa adsa adsa adsa daadsa
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda for the blind. During
American Foundation w .wp.apdaseven trips betweenw1946 .wp.apdaand 1957, she visitedw35 .wp.apcountries on w.w
ww ww She met the world-class
five continents. ww leaders there. She received ww a Presidential Medal w w
of Freedom award by ww
the President of the United States.
ok
entet - M®ty®, lecturer etet etet entet - muáaš M®ty®, etet
asl ail.ani.activist asl ail.ani.n- ÉÇîiuahs®, tremendous
asl ail.ani.n - Äf¥bgÇa, political
asl ail.ani.activist aslail.ani.n
s
ada devoted - m®¥gÂ¤jh®,ada raising funds - Ãâaâu£Ljš
s s
ada s
ada s
ada
w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.pda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Vocabulary
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
la i
l .ani.ente
t
o l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
A. saGo
s through the lesson as spot the words which
sand sas B. Go through da sas lesson and spot dthe
the saswords
apdaada apdaada apdaada apada apaada
ab
. p. mean the same . p. . p. .p. . p. w.w
ww as the following. ww opposite
ww to the meaning of the ww following.
w w w w w w w w w w
ww ww
Answers : Answers :
l ni.entet
1.il.aprofession
a (para 1)
l a
tet
–il.ani.enCareer
l a
t t t t t t
il.ani.ene 1. rare (para 1)alail.ani.ene × prevalent alail.ani.ene
a
adsas 2. sorrowful (para 2) a
adsas – gloomy a
adsas dsas 6) adsas
2. primitive a(para × sophisticated
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww ww 5)
3. decency (para – nobility ww w
3. wfiction (para 7) ×wwfact ww
4. destiny (para 6) – fate 4. fearful (para 8) × intrepid
la ni.entet (para 8)
5.il.ahijacked l a
etet etet
–il.ani.ncommandeered aslail.ani.n 5. benign (para 11) n
lail.ai
e
.nte t
×
t t
malignant lail.ani.ene
.s
a
adsa s a s asaas as
.wp.apda daadsa .wp.apda
adsa
6. adad
diffidence confidence
s
adaada
w 6. motivation (para
w .wp.ap9) – encouragement w ww w.wp.p (para 11) ×
ww w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww 7. wboredom (para 12) ×w amusement ww
7. serious (para 10) – severe
w
8. significant (para 13) – eimportant 8. criticize (para 13) × appreciate

etet
n ntet entet e ntet etet
s asl .
ailani .
s asl .
aila ni.
s asl .
ailani .
s asl .
aila ni .
s asl ail.ani.n
.wp.apdaada aa
.apdad
aa
.apdadmeaning of the words
ada
.wp.apdain the following clusters. .wp.apda
ada
w C. Frame illustrative
w .wpsentences to distinguish
w .wpthe w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
1. (a) He had better prospects in his career.

(b)
tet The instruments can t by the carrier.
be sent t t t
l a i
l .ani.en
(c) The cheque was i.ani.ente by the courier. lail.ani.ente
dispatched
la l l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
saas saas saas sas sas
w
adaad apdaad apdaad apdaada apdaada

w.wp.p w.wp. w.wp. . p. . p. w.w
2. ww were very few patientswinwthe hospital today.
(a) There
w w w w w
w ww ww ww
(b) You should have more patience in your life.
t t He took out the patentst for
(c) t the improved steam hammer
t t and fertilizers. t t t t
adsa3.
as (a) My uncle met as an accident yesterday.
adswith
a a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas
w .wp.apda (b) One .wp.apdawas hurt in this incident.
person
w w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww
ww ww ww
(c) There have been quite a few incidence of bullying in the school this year.
ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a47
ada aada aa ada ada
w .wp.apda 4. (a) I got some w .wp.apd
scraping from her new
w p.apdad
.w
dress. w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
(b) The date of her scrapping is not known.
(c) t She was scrubbing the kitchen
t floor. t t t
ail.ani.ente a i
l .ani.ente a i
l .ani.ente ail.ani.ente a i
l .ani.ente
l
sa5.
s (a) You should accept l
a your fault. sasl sasl sasl
p.apdaada p. daadsas
aexcept
p p.apdaada p.apdaada p.apdaada
w .
w (b) Everyone
w .
w Ravi came to the
w party.
.
w w .
w w .
w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
m
(c) Don’t expect too much generosity from him.
6. e(a) The tet lesson, which myeteacher t t explained yesterday, was
t quite interesting. n.entet t t
l a il.ani.n
(b) The pill tends to
l a il.ani.nethe sensibility of the
lessen l a .ani.ente and relieve gastric
ilstomach l a i
il.apain. l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas a
asas a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas
co
w.wp.apda (c) A widew .wp.apdad toxic action is indicated
spread w .wp.apdaby the lesion found w in.w .apdainternal
pthe organs. w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
7. (a) She had severe fever and throat pain.
(b) Our aim is to sever any communication with the torganizations that supporttterrorism.
. ni entet
. .ni.entet . ni enet
. il.ani.ene
t t t
il.ani.ene

asl a i
l a (c) An improved sewer
asl a i
l a system was put in asl ai
operation.
l a asl a a sl a
s.
ada s daada s ada s s ada adsa
w .wp.apda 8. (a) A raise
w p.apsalary
.w
in was demanded by
w .apdaemployees.
.wpthe w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
(b) The local people were worried by the rise in crime.
(c) t Buy a bag of rice from that
t shop.
ok
ete t etet etet
ail.ani.n .ani.ente
ailand
ete
ail.ani.n ail.ani.n ail.ani.n
s
ada asl
9. (a) Radha was a quiet
s
adaasl obedient girl. s
ada asl s
ada asl s
ada asl
w .wp.apda (b) She did
w p.apdaexams
her
.w quite well. w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
(c) They had to quit the place immediately.
o
10. e(a)
.ani.ntet He won the final match. .ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a i
l (b) It was a grand la i
finale.
l l a i
l l a i
l l a i
l
sas as
daadsaname sas sas sas
apdaada (c) She gave aapsilly to her pet apdaada
‘feline’. apdaada apdaada
ab
w.wp. w .wp. w .
w p. w .
wp. w .
w p. w.w
D. Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets:
t t t t t t t t perforated i.ani.entet
a l a il.ani.eneprofound, amusement,
a l ail.ani.ene confidence, agony,
a l a il.ani.enesolace, intrepid, disfigured,
a l ail.ani.ene la l
a da
s
adsa1. Theatrical plays d
were
a aadsaasmain source of ________ a daadsasbefore the advent ofatelevision.
daadsas [Ans: a aadsaas
amusement]
d
ur
p
w.w .p w.wp. p w.wp. p w.wp. p p
w.w . p w.w
ww ww ww ww
2. The ________ warriors of the Spartan Army marched into battle against a powerful enemy. [Ans: profound] ww ww
3. The ________ of parents finally came to an end when their lost child was found with the help of police.
t t t t t t t t [Ans: agony] t t
.s
as
adsa4. Social media hasadbrought as
adsa about a ________ as
adsa on the lives of millennials. a
adsas a
sa s
impact [Ans:adintrepid]
w .wp.apda w .wp.pa w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww 5. The tyreswof w the car got _______ when ww the vehicle rolled over w wrusted nails scattered onww
the the road. ww
[Ans: perforated]
w
etet Alva Edison didi.not

6. i.nThomas et his ________, even
etlose etet facing a series of experimental
after etet failures in his quest etet
a l alai.n a l alani.n a l ail.ani.n a l ail.ani.n a l ail.ani.n
s
ada s to discover tungsten. ada
s s s
ada s s
ada s [Ans: confidence]
s
ada s
ww 7. Many victims
ww of the pipeline explosion ww in an oil refinery were w left
w permanently ________. ww [Ans: disfigured] ww
w
8. The old lady found ________ in the company of the children in the neighbourhood. [Ans: solace]
entet t
i.ente following pairs oflanouns
t
.ani.ente given below. lail.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
lsail.ani. a phrase with each
E. saaForm sasla i
of
l.anthe
sas
i
l sas sasl a i
l
w
. p.apdaad . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada

w w from the lesson: fibre w.w
Here is an example
ww + tissue – fibrous tissue
w w w w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
1. muscle + pain [Ans: muscular pain]
2. skeleton
i.ente
t + system t t t t t t [Ans: skeletal system] t t
a3.
l a il.annerve + disorder a l a il.ani.ene a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene [Ans: nervous disorder]
a l a il.ani.ene
w .wp.apda 4. digestion + enzymes
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda [Ans: w .wp.apda system]
digestive w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
5. surgery + instruments [Ans: surgical instruments]
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.3n
48saslail.ai
ada s
ada asl Sura’s s
a
ada sl s asl
.wp.apda 6. agony + experience
.wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apdaada
w w w w [Ans: agonic
w experience] w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
7. glory + victory [Ans: glorious victory]
8. fancy t + idea t t [Ans: fanciful idea] t
i.ente .ani.ente .ani.ente tet t
9.
l ail.anemotion + song l a i
l l a il l i
ala. ni e
.n [Ans: emotional l il.ani.ene
asong]
sas sas sas s as s as
. p.apdaada10. sense . p.apdaada
+ issue . p.apdaada .p.apda
ada
[Ans:
aa
.apdad issue]
.psensible
w w w w w w ww w ww w w.w
ww w ww w ww ww
m
ww ww
F. Fill the empty boxes with suitable words under each word class.
ntet
il.ani.eNOUN VERB t t
il.ani.ene ADJECTIVE t t
il.ani.ene ADVERB i.ani.entet t t
il.ani.ene
a l a a l a a l a lal l a
adsas amusement adsas
amused amusing adsas amusingly adsaas a
adsas
co
p a
. pda pa
.pda p a
. pda p a
. pd
a .wp.apda
w.w w.w w.w w.w w w.w
ww appreciation ww appreciate wwappreciative ww
appreciatively ww ww
success succeed successful successfully
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
pride
a pride lail.ani.ene
a proud
a l ail.ani.ene proudly a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
w .wp.apda hope w .apdad
.wphope .wp.apda
hopeful
w .wp.apda
hopefully
w w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
G. Spot the errors in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly.
ok
t etet ni.entet deeds. etet etet
1.
l i.entegrandfather is well-known
ail.anMy l ail.ani.n in the village for his
l ail.anobel l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n
s
ada as adas as aas as s
ada as s
ada as
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda is well-known in the
My grandfather
w .apdad for his noble deeds.
.wpvillage w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww w
2. I had mywevening meals in a restaurant ww near my office. ww ww ww
I had my dinner in a restaurant near my office.
3. The
l a il
ente t
.ani. Boss had full confidence l a il
o t
.ani.enteon his Manager forlasuccessful
il
t
.ani.ente completion of lthe a il .entet
.aniproject. l a il.ani.ente
t
sas dsaasconfidence in his Manager sas sas sas
apdaada The Boss apdaafull
had apdaada for the successful.wcompletion apdaada of the project. apdaada
ab
w .wp. w .wp. w .wp. w p. w .wp. w.w
ww ww ww
4. After the complicated surgery, the patient hoped of a complete recovery.
ww ww ww
After the complicated surgery, the patient hoped for a complete recovery.
te t t t t t tet t t
5. The
a l a n en
il.ai. new health care ascheme l a il.ani.eneannounced by theaGovernment
l a il.ani.ene will bring relief
a l a ni.enthe
il.ato children sufferinga l a il.ani.ene
with
adsas acute tuberculosis. adsas adsas adsas adsas
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww w health care scheme announced
Thewnew ww by the Government wwwill bring relief to the children ww suffering from ww
acute tuberculosis.
tet of his poverty and entet t
i.ente his dream carrier. t t t t
6. In
l a il.ani.enspite l a il.ani.setbacks, he was able atoil.anlaunch
l l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
.s
adsaas In spite of his dsaas

apoverty and setbacks, heapd
as
adsaable to launch his dream
was
a
sa s
adcareer. a
adsa s
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp. a w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Listening
w
.ni.n etet etet

ni.n Based on your understanding,
.ni.n etet
.ni.n etet etet
Listen
s aslatoilathe passage beingadread
s
.out.
aslaila s aslaila complete the
s aslailastatements given below s l.ani.n
aslaiwith
ada
aappropriate
da answers. .p.apda a ada ad a ad a
w.wp.p .p.apda .p.apda .p.apda w.w
ww ww w ww w ww w ww w ww
w
w
1. Boredom occurs when a person is unable to________. w w w[Ans: stay attentive]
2. ________ and ________are emotional consequences of boredom. [Ans: Anger / frustration]
. ni e
. ntet . ni e
. ntet . ni e
. ntet . ni.entet .ani.ente
t
3. aTwol a i
l a physical signs of acute la boredom
i l a are (a) ________ l a i
l a (b) ________. l a il a l a il
ss sas sas dsaas (b) the face assumes sas
w
. p.ap daada . p apdaada

. . p.apdaada [Ans: (a) the eyelids . p.apdaadroop . p.apdaadaafrown]
ww ww
4. How does boredom affect the quality of work a person does?
ww ww ww ww
[Ans: A bored person at work is likely to make many more errors, than one who is not bored]
i . ni entet
. ilone
t
.ani.entecan overcome boredom. (a) t t
il.ani.ene ________ (b)a________
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
5. saMention
l a l a two ways by which
a l a a la l a a l a
adas adsas adsas adsas adsas
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda [Ans: (a)
w .wp.apda an interest in hobbies
Develop w .wp.apdaand crafts w.w
ww ww ww ww stay in the companywof
(b) Socialise,
w
cheerful people] ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a49
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Speaking
t tet tet t ni.entet
1.
l a l i.enterushing to attend to
Youi.anare
l a i
l an
.ani.enimportant work and you
l a i
l .ani.enwitness an accident oni.anyour
l a l i.ente way. Will you go lto a i
l .athe
sas sas Share your viewsdwith sas sas sas
. p.apdaadarescue of the injured . p.apdperson?
aada . p.apaada the class. . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w Even though, w w w
anwimportant work, I would w w w
ww I’ll go to the w.w
ww ww I am rushing to attend ww ww feel pity for the injuredwperson. ww
m
rescue of the injured person and take him to the hospital. Afterwards, I will try to inform the members of his family.
I wouldt attend to my important work, after his family comes ttot take care of him. All those who have humanity, willt t
. ni enet
. . ni entet
. . ni ene
. . ni entet
. .ni.ene
definitely
aslal i a do, as I have done.
aslal i a aslali a aslali a aslaila
daadsa s
apdaada
s
apdaada
s
apdaada
s
apdaada
co
w.wp.ap .
2. Every person should
w w p. .p .
take up the responsibility
w w . p. . p
to serve the societywin his or her own way. Discuss
w w w w . the various w.w
ww ww ww w ww ww
ways in which you can serve the society.
Ast at student of XII standard,t I twould like to serve the society in a different way. I twould like to be helpful tot t
. ni ene
. .ni.ene . ni entet
. . ni enet
. il.ani.ene
athe
sl a i
l anear and dear ones within
asl a i
l a my limits. Create health
a sl ail awareness.
a Plant more a trees.
sl a i
l a Donate blood to theaslneedy.
a
s.
adsa adsa Reach out to neighbours adsa adsa adsa like
w .wp.apda Provide roadsidewassistance. .wp.apda w .wp.apda in need. Mentorwchildren .wp.apda at my local school. w
So
p.apdIawould
.w w.w
ww to volunteer my wwtime and effort to thesewservices. w ww ww ww
ok
etet etet etet D etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n sasl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ialogue
.wp.apdaada .
aa
p.apdad .
aa
p.apdad .
aa
p.apdad .
aa
p.apdad
A. Write a dialogue w w w w w.w
ww between a studentwand w the class teacher regarding an educational trip.
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww
Teacher : Good morning Ram. Did you enjoy the educational trip yesterday?
l a l .ani.ente
Student
i
t : Yes Madam. I observed
la i l
o t
.ani.ente and learnt new methods l a il
t
.ani.ente used in the Publishing l a il
tet
.ani.enIndustry l a il.ani.ente
t
sas a
daadsas Can you share.psome saasyour observations with saasand the class? sas
apdaadaTeacher : That’saexcellent.
p apdaadof apdaadme apdaada
ab
w.wp. w .wp. w . .wp. .wp. w.w
ww Student : ww
I would be delighted to w dowwso. I understood the importance ww
w of Paper and Books w
ww and how many ww
authors and proofreaders work hard to publish one copy of a book. I also observed the important
roles of Computer operators and Printing Specialists who make sure thet content is aligned and t
t t entetthe reading experience tet te t
a l a il.ani.ene designed toaimprove
l ai l.ani .
a l a il.ani eof
. n students like us. alail.ani.en a l a il.ani.ene
adsas asas as hand is the work amany
adsyour adsas adsas some
.wp.apda Teacher : Well, .apdadnow know that thew
.wpyou book in
.wp.apda .wp.pda professionals. Can you
p.apdashare
ur
w w w w .w w.w
ww ww
more information on thewquality w control methods employed ww in publishing a book? ww ww
Student : Yes Madam. It is important to value everyone’s hard work and respect them. Well, the publishers follow
t t strict guidelines.nin tmaintaining
t proofs and.nmake t t sure that the content.niis.entoriginal t and copyrighted. t t
la il.ani.ene l a ilai.ene l a ilai.ene l a ila e l a il.ani.ene
.s
as
adsaTeacher : Ram, adid a
adyous
sa learn anything aboutdathe as
dsa marketing of books? adsaas adsaas
w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apa w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww Student : ww
Yes Madam. When I discussed ww with the Marketing Person ww he shared that nowadays ww more books are ww
purchased through Online Websites than from Book Stores.
w
Teacher etet : Do you know why? etet etet etet etet

s asl ail.ani.n
Student : Yes, Online s asl ail.ani.n offers more discounts
website s asl l.ani.nfree delivery whichsacannot
aiand sl ail.ani.nbe provided by book s asl ail.ani.n
stores.
ada ada ada ada ada ada
w.wp.p Sow .wp.apda
customers prefer to buy .wp.apda
online.
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
Teacher : Well, Ram. It was quite a keen observation you made. I am glad that you shared your insights with
your class.
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente la i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
as dsaasthe following situations sas adsaasexchanges. sas
w
. p.apdaadsaBuild
B. a conversation
. p.
for
apdaa . p.apdaada with a minimum.wpof apdafive
. . p.apdaada
w w w
ww a railway staff regarding w w w w w w.w
ww 1. A passengerwand ww the cancellation of the wwreserved tickets. ww ww
Passenger : Sir, I would like to cancel my reservation tickets, as I have cancelled my trip.
tet .entet tickets. t t t t t t
aRailway
l a
en
il.ai. Staff
n : Showlame
a il.aniyour a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas ss
aada it is sir, I have booked adsas th adsas adsas
w .wp.apda Passenger w
: .p.apdHere
w w .wp.apdatickets to Mumbai on w p.apdaDecember
24
.w 2018.
w .wp.apda w.w
ww Railway Staff ww : Now you want to w w this reservation. ww
cancel ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.3n
50saslail.ai
ada s asl Sura’s s asl Std  SmartsEnglish
a sl s asl
.wp.apda Passenger aada
.wp.apdYes, .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w w: Sir, what is the procedure?
w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Railway Staff :
Some amount would be deducted for this, and then your amount will be credited in your
account.
n e
. ntet .ansir.
t
i.enteDo the needful. .ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
Passenger
l ail.a i : It’s okay
l a i
l l a i
l l ail l a i
l
sas dsaas cancelled the tickets adsaasthe balance amount awould a
daadsasbe credited in your sas
. p.apdaadaRailway Staff : .p.apdIaahave . p.apdaand . p. p . p.apdaada
account.
ww Passenger ww : Thank you so much, wwSir. ww ww ww
m
Railway Staff : You are welcome.
etet
n etet
.ani.n which they are going etet
n etet
n n etet
2. aTwo
sa slail.ani.friends about the NSS s
a aslailcamp saaslail.ani. to attend. s
a aslail.ani. saaslail.ani.
co
adaad ad
.wp.apda Rajesh, Are you w
ad
.wp.apda ready for the NSS Camp? adaad adaad
w w.wp.p Raghul ww: Hai, w getting w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w.w
w w w w w ww
Rajesh : Yes, I am packing my things. Yet I have to purchase some necessary things for the camp.
Raghul t : You know, wet have to be in school this Saturday at 5.30 a.m.
. ni ente
. .ni.ente . ni entet
. .ani.entetschool at Doveton.ail.ani.entet
Rajesh
asl a i
l a : It is too
asl a i
l aearly for me, since I have
asl ato
il a travel from Anna Nagarasl a ilto our al
daadsas
s.
. p.apdaadsaRaghul :
. p.ap
s
aadacan book a cab or ask
dYou . p.ap
s
aada father to drop you..p.apdaada
dyour s
. p.ap
ww ww ww w
wwkit. ww w.w
ww Rajesh ww : Yes, that’s correct.wIwshould also take the firstwaid ww ww
Raghul : Yes. Don’t forget that our NSS sir told us that we would start sharply at 6.00 a.m.
ok
Rajesh e te t : Yes, I remember. etet I will be there oni.atime. etet etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl al ni.n s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
adaRaghul : adOkayada Bye. See you on Saturday. ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.pa w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww Rajesh ww : Yes. Let’s enjoy our wwcamp and do service. Bye. ww ww ww
3. A salesman and a customer at an electronic shop.
ail.ani.n
Salesman
a l
etet : Good a laMorning
etet
o
il.ani.n Sir, what can I adolafor etet
il.ani.nyou? a l ail.ani.n
etet
a l ail.ani.n
etet
s s s s s s s s s s
adaadaCustomer da a microwave oven.
: adIaaneed adaada adaada adaada
ab
w w w w w w.w
w Salesman w : Yes Sir, we have various w types of ovens over here. w Have a look at these micro-ovens. w ww
Customer : This is pretty good. What is the cost of this one?
Salesman t t .entet
: It costs i`.ni12,000/-. It is an ultra-model t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l a l a a l a il.ani.enewith many features.alail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s
adsaCustomer : adCan ss asasfor this oven? asas asas
.wp.apda Salesman aada you show me the catalogue p.apdad p.apdad p.apdad
ur
w w.: wp.pYes Sir, here it is. w And w .w w .w w .w w.w

ww ww w there is two years’ warranty ww for this. ww ww
Customer : Okay, I’ll take this. Can you deliver this at home?
Salesman entet : Yes, we do.etGive me your address. etet
a il.ani. a i
l .
a ni . net a .n
il.anihave a i.ente
il.anthat.
t
a
t t
il.ani.ene
Customer
l : Deliverl this by 5 o’
c lock, because l we plans to go out after
l l
.s
w.wp.p Salesman w: .wp.pSurely, we will do it. Thank w.wp.p you, Sir. w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
4. A father and his daughter about the advantages of the habit of newspaper-reading.
w
Father t t : Haritha, don’t.nplay t video

t games. It’s not good t for
t you. t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l ailai.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adaHaritha : I doaplay
s s s
aada
only for an hour every day.
s aas s s
ada s aas s
w .wp.apda Father : Yes
w .wp.Ipdknow. But develop the
w .apdadof reading the newspaper
.wphabit w .wp.apda every day, insteadwof pdad
.wp.aplaying these w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
games.
Haritha t : Sometimes on Saturdays and Sundays, I read the headlines of the newspaper.
ni e
. nte ni e
. ntet ni e
. ntet .entet
.aninewspaper. .ani.ente
t
Father
l a il.a : No, Haritha, l a iThat’s
l.a not enough. You should
l a il.a read the contents in l the
a il You get to l know,
a il
sas a
daadsas problems of the.pworld sas adsaas to know about various sas
w
. p.apdaada the.p.acurrent
p .apdaadaaround you. You also . p.apdacome . p.apdaada issues,
w w w w w
wwbenefits given to the public. w w w w w.w
ww wwannouncements, orderswand ww ww ww
Haritha : Yes, father, I understand. From tomorrow, I will never neglect to read the newspaper.
Father t t : Why, dear from tomorrow,
t t start reading from t ttoday. t t t t
adsaHaritha
as : Surely,daDad,
apada
s s I’ll do it.
a a
ss
apdaada
ss
apdaada
a a
ss
apdaada
w .wp.apda Father . p. . p .
: wGood. Definitely, you willwgain more knowledge by doing
w w w w w .wp.so. w .wp. w.w
ww w w ww ww ww
Haritha : Thank you. Dad.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a51
.wp.apdaada ada
.wp.apda with two morew.relevant
aa
p.apdad exchanges. w.wp.apdad
aa
.wp.apda
ada
w C. Extend the conversation
w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
1. Receptionist : Good evening, sir. Welcome to Chennai.
nTraveller t : I would liket to book a deluxe room in tyour hotel for 3 days. nentet t
il.ai.ente i
l .ani.ente i .ani.ente i.ai. i .ani.ente
saa l a
s Receptionist : Yes l a
saas Sir, We have only two l
deluxe
a l
saas rooms at present.dadsaaslal sasl a l
aad a
d d
aa a
d d
.p.apa
a
d
.p.apa apdaada
w.wp.p Traveller w.wp.p ww w room for 3 days. www w
.
w p. w.w
ww : I need only onewdeluxe
w
ww ww ww
m
Receptionist : Yes Sir, you have to pay Rs. 6,000/- in advance.
nTraveller
.entet : It’s okay. n.entI’ll
et pay and take the key. n.entet n.entet t t
i. i i.ai i.ai i.ai il.ani.ene
slala
saa2. saaslal morning, sir. MaydIacome
saaslalin? saaslal a
adsas
l a
co
d a
d Student : daGood
d d d a
d
aa
w.wp.p
aa
w.wp.p .p.apa aa
w.wp.p .wp.apda w.w
ww Teacher ww : Good morning,wwhy ww w are you late today? ww ww
w
ww
Student : My bus broke down, I had to take another bus and walk to school.
t t tet inform the Headmaster t t t
ni.enteinform t t
a l il.ani.ene
Teacher
a : Youahave
a l il.ani.ento a l ail.ani.eneabout this. You canago l a il.aand him immediately.
a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
adsa asa asa adsa adsa
w .wp.apda Student w.wp: Yes .apdad Sir, I will inform w .wphim.
.apdad w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww Teacher ww : Get his permission ww and then enter into the wwclass. ww ww
ok
s asl ail.ani.n sasl ail.ani.n s as ail.ani.n
eading
l R s asl ail.ani.n s aslail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww Read the passagewgiven w below and answer the questions that follow.
ww ww ww ww
a. Account for the popularity of characters with supernatural powers.
l a i
l .anWe
t
i.enteexperience the excitement
la i
l
o t
.ani.entein assigning supernatural
l a i
l
t
.ani.entepower to imaginarylacharacters
i
l
t
.ani.ente in fictional stories.
l a i
l .entet
.aniSo
adsaas a
daadsas He-Man, Titans.pand asaas adsaas adsaas
.p.apda we have Spider-Man, .p.apBatman, .apdadmany more characters. .p.apda .p.apda
ab
ww b. Who is referred w wto as a ‘Cyborg’? ww ww ww ww
The ‘Cyborg’ was an offshoot of the wild imagination of humans to invest our species with superhuman powers.
Today, entet et
i.entimaginary organism.lail.ani.ente
t entet entet
lail.ai. the ‘Cyborg’ is no more
n lail.anan lail.ani. lail.ani.
d
a adsaasa daadsaasa daadsaasa daadsaasa daadsaasa
a c. What is expected to ahappen with the advent of
a the brain machine interface?
a a
ur
p
w.w .p w.wp. p p
w.w . p w.wp. p p
w.w . p w.w
ww wwof brain machine interfaces
The advent ww is certain to blur the boundary
ww ww machines.
between humans and ww
d. The needs t of humans are not nlimited. t How is this statement telaborated in the passage?
te te te t t .entet
la n e
. n
i time passes, food habits
il.aAs l a
e
. n
il.ai change, thinking patterns la n e
. n
il.aichange and even appearances l a il.ani.enechange. Thus the needs l a il.aniof
.s
a
adsa s a
adsa s a
adsa s a
adsas a
adsa s
w .wp.apda humans are not limited.
w .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww
w
ww
e. How can a machine turn into a virtual w
companion for humans? w
Intelligence is sought to be fused into machines and robotics are designed in such a way to give a man a virtual
w
human etet etet etet etet etet

sla ailai.n companion.
.n ail.ani.n
la ail.ani.n
l ail.ani.n
l lail.ani.n
af.
da adsaaExplain the flipside of
a daadsaasrapid
the technological a daadsaasa
advancement. a daadsaasa a daadsaasa
w.wp.p .wp.p
wwartificial ww w
.p.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.w
ww The fieldwof intelligence iswovertaking ww and many fear that it could
the human brain ww even harm the ww
w
human race.
t t t t t
g.
l a l .ani.entethe word in para 1lawhich
Identify
i i
l.ani.entemeans ‘everlastinglalife’.
i
l .ani.ente
l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
a saas in para - 1 which means a sas sas
daadsas ‘Immortality’ is the daadword daadsas ‘Everlasting life’.
w
a ap ap apdaada apdaada
w.wp.p
h. ww
.
w p.
Which of thewfollowing w .
w
words is synonymous
p. w .
w p. w.wp. w.w
ww ww with ‘amalgamation’?
ww ww ww
(a) recreation (b) integration (c) exploration (d) proposition [Ans: (b) integration]
i. Which tet the following options t antonym of the word
ntethe t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.enof a l a il.ani.eis a la il.ani.ene‘advent’. a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s drawback
adsa(a) adsas
(b) dispute adsas
(c) departure (d) danger adaadsas [Ans: (c) adsas
departure]
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.p w .wp.apda w.w
ww j. Find out the w w which is the antonym
word wwof ‘natural’ in para 3. ww ww [Ans: artificial] ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
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ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .n
lail.aniXII
etet
lail.ani.
n etet n
lail.an-i.3
etet
ada
52saslail.ai s
ada asl Sura’s
adsaas ➠
adsaas
 Prose ➠ Unit
adsaas
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p
ada
w.wp.p w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Grammar
.ani.ente Active and Plaassive.ani.ente Voice
t t t t t
l i
l l ail.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
a sas sas adsaas adsaas
apdaadsas apdaada sentences into .w apdaada o. Whose car.wpdid apdasomeone apdayour
w .
w p. Task 1 :
C hange thewfollowing
.
w p. w Passive
p. w . park in front
w .
w pof
. gate? w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
m
Voice. Whose car was parked by someone in front of
your gate?
a. The nGovernort t inaugurated theneexhibition
t t at ten o’ t t t t t t
a il.ai.ene
clock.
l l ail.ai.ne l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas a
asas adsas Task 2 : Change athe
a adsafollowing
as sentences into adsasActive
a
co
w.wp.apda The exhibition
w .apdad
.wpwas inaugurated by the .wp.apda
Governor
w w.wp.pda
Voice: w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww
at ten o’clock. ww ww ww ww
a. The smuggler has been nabbed by the police.
b. The crowd expected their leader to arrive early in
the i .
a i entet
morning.
n . i .
an i.entet i .ani entet The police has nabbed
. i .
a ni entethe
. t smuggler. t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a
s s adsa b. By whom were
s ayou
dsa interviewed? p.apdaadsa
s s
s.
adsa Their leader was
s
aada
w .wp.apda w .wp.apdexpected to arrive early.pin
w w .apdathe Whow .wp.apda
interviewed you? w.w w.w
ww morning by the wwcrowd. ww ww ww ww
c. Who taught her Computer Science? c. Why were you scolded by your parents?
ok
.i nBy t
.entewhom was Computer Science
.i n.entet taught to her?
il.ai n.entet Why did your parents
.i n.entescold
.i
t you? n.entet
a saaslaila a s
aaslaila a saaslad. Not a word was s aslailaby the convict in self-defence.
spoken
a a a saaslaila
ad.
da They unanimously.pnamed
d ada Ravi the captain of.wpteam.
d ada d ada d
.p.apda
d
w.wp.p w w.p w .p The w.wp.p ww w w.w
ww wwunanimously named the
Ravi was wwcaptain of ww convict did not speak awword in self-defence. ww
team. o e. Good news is expected shortly.
e. Thei.nPresident t gave the commander t t t t
l a la i.ente la i
l .ani.ente an award. l a i
l .ani.ente We expect goodlanews
i
l .ani.enteshortly. l a i
l .ani.ente
sas An award was given sas adsaas f. The mail hasajust as sas
apdaada apdaadato the commander.wpby apdathe pdaadsabeen received. apdaada
ab
w.wp. President. w.wp. w . w .
wp. w .
w p. w.w
ww ww ww wwhas just received the mail.
He ww ww
f. Do not tell a lie. g. Sundari has been taken to hospital by her husband.
eteat lie not be told.
Let t t t t t t t
l a il.ani.n l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene Sundari’s husband l a i.entetaken her to the hospital.
il.anhas l ail.ani.ene
g. adsaPlease
as open the door.dadsas
a a
adsas h. Our television a
as repaired now. adaadsas
isadsbeing
a
.wp.apda aa .wp.apda .wp.apda
ur
w.wp.p
Let the door w.wp.p w.w
ww be opened please.
w w w
ww ww wwis repairing our television
He wwnow. ww
h. It is time to stop the work. i. Sweets have not been distributed to children by the
Iteis
tettime for the work to be estopped.
tet t organisers.
t t t t t
i.ani.n i.ani.n il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
slal say he is a spy. dadsaaslal la l a l a
.s
i. dadsaaThey a
adsa s The organisers a
adsa have not distributed
s athea
dsa sweets
s
a
w.wp.p
a
It is said that
whe pa
.wp.ais a spy. w.wp.apda to .wp.apda
children.
w w .wp.apda w.w
w w w w ww ww ww ww
j. One should keep one’s promise. j. Prizes were being given by the chief guest.
w
nOne’s
entet promise should be kept
nenteby
t one.
il.ani.n etet The chief guest was egiving
.n tet the prizes. etet
s asl ail.ai. s asl ail.ai. s asl ak. Nobody has been s asl
seenail.aniin the library this week.
s asl ail.ani.n
k. adaPeople burn a great adeal adaof wood in winter. adaada daada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.p We w .wp.apnot
have seen anyone in thew .wp.apda this week.
library w.w
ww A great w
deal
w of wood is burnt in winter
ww by the ww ww ww
w
people. l. Nobody would have known the truth if you had not
l. Where
. ni e
. n had
te t you kept the book?
. ni e
. ntet . ni e
. ntedisclosed
t it.
.entet been known if itlhadn’t
.anihaven .ani.ente
t
l a il a la i l a l a i
l a The truth wouldn’t
l a i
l a il
sas Where had the book as kept by you?
sbeen sas adsaas sas
w
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada been disclosed

. p.apdaby you. . p.apdaada
w
w m. When did you w w w w w w w w w w.w
ww w feel the tremors? ww m. You are wwadvised to help the poor wwand needy. ww
When were tremors felt by you?
You should help the poor and the needy.
n. How did te t
you do the experiment? tet te t t t t t
a l a n
il.ai. e n
a l a n
il.ai. e n
a la n en
il.ai. You are requestedatolamake
n. il.ani.enea cup of tea for thealguest.
a il.ani.ene
s s How was the experiment ss ss ss ss
apdaada apdaada done by you? apdaada apdaadaa cup of tea for the guest.
Please make apdaada
w.wp. w.wp. w.wp. w.wp. w.wp. w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a53
ada ada ada ada ada
ww
w
ww
w Interrogations
ww
w or Questions
ww
w
ww
w
ww
w.w
Task 1 : Add suitable question tags to the following sentences and punctuate properly:
i.ani.entet il.ani. entet i.ani. entet i .ani.ente
t
i .ani.ente
t
saaslal children are verydhappy
1. The saaslatoday. saaslal sasl a l sasl a l
aad a
d The childrenware
a
d d a
d
a happy today, aren’t.pthey?
.wp.apvery aa apdaada apdaada
w.wp.p w w.p w .
w p. w .
w p. w.w
m
2. You have not returned my books yet.
You t t yet, have you?
t thave not returned my books t t t t t t
l a il.ani.ene l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
3. adsaWe
as enjoyed the trip very asamuch.
as a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas
co
w.wp.apda We enjoyed the
w pdadvery much, didn’t w
.wp.atrip .wp.apda
we? w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
4. Let’s clean the shelves this weekend.
nLet’s
entetclean the shelves this nweekend,
entet shall we? t t t t t t
a l a il.ai. a l a il.ai. a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s s s s s
s.
5. adsaMy mother rarely travels adsaby bus. adsa adsa adsa
ww ww rarely travels by bus, does
My mother wwshe? ww ww ww
6. Somebody must bell the cat.
ok
.nSomebody .ni.enmustn’t
must bell the cat, they?
t tet etet etet etet
l i.ente
aila l aila l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n lail.ani.n
7. adaAnita never comesplate adtoa office. ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w.w.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww comes late to office, does
Anita never wwshe? ww ww ww
8. I am always the winner.
asl a
etet
l il.ani.ene
ail.anIi.nam always the winner,aain’t
a
o
tI?t / aren’t I?
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
daadsaDon’t sas sas sas sas
9.
ap apdaada again.
commit this.pmistake apdaada apdaada apdaada
ab
w.wp. w w . w .
w p. w .
wp. w .
w p. w.w
ww ww this mistake again, will
Don’t commit wwyou? ww ww ww
10. There is a pharmacy near that bus stand.
t t entet t t t t
a i.ente is a pharmacy near
lail.anThere a
ni.entebus
lail.athat stand, isn’t there?
a lail.ani. l ail.ani.ene l ail.ani.ene
as a
asas a
ss a
adsas a
adsas
daadsaBacteria
11.
.wp.ap can never .apdad in extreme weather
.wpsurvive aada
.wp.apdconditions. .wp.apda .wp.apda
ur
w w w w w w.w
ww w wwweather conditions, canwthey?
Bacteriawcan never survive in extreme
w ww ww
12. I am not as smart as you are.
t et t t t t t t
.ni.ente .ani.entam I? il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
alailaI am not as smart as you
alailare, la l a l a
.s
s s a s as a s
.wp.apdaadsa asa
.apdad pane last evening.
.wp.apda
adsa
.wp.apda
adsa
.wp.apda
adsa
w 13. The boys broke the
w .wpwindow w w w w.w
ww The boyw
w w
broke the window pane lastwevening, didn’t he? ww ww ww
w
14. Leavestwither t during autumn. t t

i.ene wither during autumn,
i.ani.enedon’t they? etet etet etet
sasl a i
l .anLeaves
saslal s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
.wp.apdaada ada
.wp.apdasalt to the buttermilk.
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w 15. You should add a
w little w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
w
You should add a little salt to the buttermilk, shouldn’t you?
Task 2 :i.n
a l a ntet the error found
Ci.eorrect
a i
l.ain tet question tag in each
ni.enthe a i
l
tetthe following.
of
.ani.en a i
l.ani.ente
t
a i
l .ani.ente
t
a l l l l l
daadsas evil doers cannot adsaas the path of truth, acan’t as sas sas
w
. p. 1. The
ap . p.apdacross . p. pdaadsathey? . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
w w w
ww cannot cross the pathwof w
wwtruth, can they? w w w w w.w
ww The evil wdoers ww ww ww
2. The vegetables in the fridge are still fresh, aren’t it?
t entet entet t t t t
i.ente vegetables in the fridge
lail.anThe lail.ani.are still fresh, aren’t they?
lail.ani. l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
a a a a a
.wp.apdaadsas .wp.apda
adsas asas
.apdadpolitician, doesn’t w .wp.apda
adsas
.wp.apda
adsas
w 3. The village headwunderstood the intentionwof
.wpthe he? w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
The village head understood the intention of the politician, didn’t he?
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww
n.entet etet
ail.ani.n .entet
a➠il.aniXII
etet
etet
ail.an-i.3n
a sl s asl
.wp.apdaada ada
.wp.apdaof faith and prayer, aren’t
ada
.wp.apdaI? .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w 4. I claim to be a person
w w w w w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
I claim to be a person of faith and prayer, don’t I?
5. The.nemployees t are seldom allowed t t t t
l ail ai.ente l a i
l .ani.ente to meet their boss,
l a i
l
aren’t
.ani.ente they? l ail.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas The employees aredaseldom
sas allowed to meet their sas sas sas
adaada a ada adaadaboss, are they? apdaada apdaada
w.wp.p w.wp.p
w to Goa, can we? ww w w.wp.p w .
w p. w .
w p. w.w
ww 6. Let’s organizewawtrip ww ww ww
m
Let’s organize a trip to Goa, shall we?
i.n etet etet
.ani.nthe damage, shan’t she? n etet t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
7. Theaslail.anlandlady will charge me aslailfor aslail.ani. a l a a l a
sa s
a sa adsas adsas
co
adaad aad
.wp.apdcharge adaad .wp.apda .wp.apda
w.wp.p The landladywwill w.wp.p won’t she?
me for the damage, w w w.w
8. Both the sisters have left for Canada, aren’t they?
Both
t t the sisters have left for Canada,
t t haven’t they? t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s
9. That’s definitely not the s
asright
a thing to do in this s
situation, isn’t that? s s
s.
adsa asa asa adsa
w .wp.apda w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.apdad w .
w p.apdad w .wp.apda w.w
ww That’s definitely
ww not the right thing w towdo in this situation, is that? ww ww ww
10. We needn’t apply for a bank loan, do we?
ok
t etet etet etet etet
l a i.enteneedn’t apply for a bank
ail.anWe ail.ani.nloan, need we?
l a l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n lail.ani.n
s as sas s as s as s as
daada
11. The
.wp.ap Chief Guest w
spoke
ada
.wp.apdaa few words, did he? .wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
.wp.apda
ada
w w w w w.w
ww ww
The Chief
w
Guest spoke a few words,wdidn’t he? ww ww ww
12. The rhinoceros

a l a i
l .anThe
t has a horn made tof
i.ente rhinoceros has a horn
a la i
l .enet
.animade
o
keratin, haven’t they? tet
of keratin, hasn’t
a l il.ani.en
ait? l a i
l .ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
s
aa s aas s s
aa s sas sas
adad adad adad apdaada apdaada
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p
ab
w .
wp. w .
w p. w.w
w w w w w w ww ww ww
Story Writing
t t t tet tet t t
lsa:il.an
Tasksaa1
i.ente
Expand the following ail.ani.ene into complete stories
outlines
l l a il.ani.enand supply a suitable l ail.ani.enfor
title each. l ail.ani.ene
ad a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas
ur
w 1. Big cotton merchant w – owned a factory –wmany w

w employees – one day w
a heap of cotton stolen –w no w
wclue – merchant’s w.w
ww ww ww ww
secretary assured to find out - asked him to host dinner - invite all workers –merchant agreed – middle of feast
– secretary suddenly shouted – cotton tet sticking to hair of.nithieves – the guilty dusted their heads – tried to cleart t
– n
caught
i. i.entetin the trap – punished.
i . ni en(PTA-3)
. i entet
. i . ni entet
. .ni.ene
ala l a al a l a ala l a al a l a alaila
.s
. p.apdaadsas . p.apdaadsas . p.ap

s
daAadsaTrap . p.apdaadsas . p.apdaadsas
ww ww ww ww ww w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Raghav was a big cotton merchant. He owned a factory, where eighty people were employed to run the factory.
One day, a heap of cotton was stolen by some of the employees. There was no clue of the miscreants. The merchant’s
w
secretary, etet t
i.ente assured his owner
t
i.entehe would find out the .ani.ente
t etet
s asl ail.ani.n a trusted employee s asl aofil.anRaghav, s asl ail.anthat s asl ailmiscreant. He merely suggested
s asl ail.ani.n
adathe owner to host dinner adafor all his employees. The admerchant
a agreed to hisaproposal
a a and invited all his workers
ada for
.wp.apda dinners. All the workers .wp.apdahappily came to theirwowner’s
.wp.apda house for dinner. As p.pdad
.w da
.wp.apthe w.w
ww
w
ww
w
ww ww
w they were having their
wwdinner,
w secretary ww
w
suddenly shouted, ‘There is cotton sticking on the hair of the thieves’. The guilty persons got scared and dusted off
their heads. They tried to clear their heads without any cotton sticking there. At last, the culprits were caught in the
t entet entet entet entet
trap i.entewere severely punished.
lail.anand lail.ani. lail.ani. lail.ani. lail.ani.
as sas sas adsaas saas
w
. p.apdaadsaMr.
2. X, a rich . p.apdaada– runs a company .w
businessman -p.apdaada very busy with office
always . p.apdawork – one day his son
. p–
. daadyears
ap10 old
ww ww ww ww ww
– approaches dad and asks – how much he earns in one hour – father gets furious – boy persuades – father says ww
` 500 – immediately son asks for ` 300 – father shouts – wasting money on toys - son leaves to his room crying
– father t feels
t bad – thinks might .enteneed
t some stationeryn–.ententers et boy’s room and ngives t t money – boy becomes .entet
a l a
happy
il.ani.en–etakes some crumpled a l a il.aninotes – under his la
pillow
a il.a–i counts everything l a il.ai.ene– total ` 500 – gives
together
a a l a ilit.anito
adsas s
daadsahour adsas asas daadsa–scloses
w .wp.apda dad – wants to buy w .wp–.apone of his time –wfather .apdadsorry and guilty – w
.wp.apda realizes his mistakew–.wpfeels .wp.apson
hugs w.w
ww w
all office filesw- takes him on a picnic – w
w
decides to spend more time wwwith near and dear ones. ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .
a a a adsaas a
.
wwp. .
ww p.
www.CBSEtips.in .
ww p. p w.w
ww ww w ww ww

il.ani.ene
Priced s asl a55
ada ada ada ada ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda Money .wp.apda
cannot
w buy .wp.apda
happiness
w w .wp.apda w.w
ww ww ww ww ww ww
Mr. X was a rich businessman. He ran a company and he was always busy in his work. He did not have any time
to spend tetwith his family members. One
t day, his son, who was etten years old, approached thim and asked him, how t
much
l ail.ani.endid he earn in one hour.
l a i
l ni.entefather
.aHis got furious and
l a i
l .ani.entnot
did answer him. But the
l ail i.entepersuaded him to answer
.anboy l a i
l .ani.ente
sas aas
daadsfather sas sas saas
. p.apdaadahis question. At last, . p.apthe said that he . p.apdaad`a 500/- per hour. Immediately
earned . p.apdaada the son asked him . p. aadgive
apdto him
ww w w w w ww
m
` 300/-. His father shouted at him that he was wasting money on toys. His son left his room crying bitterly.
w w w w
When the father saw him crying, he felt bad and thought that his son might need money to buy some stationery.
So he n.eentered
ntet his son’s room and n.engave
tet him money. The boyn.ebecame ntet happy. n.entet n.entet
i.ai lail.ai il.ai lail.ai il.ai
saaslal The boy took out somesaascrumpled notes, which saaslaunder
were his pillow, counted saaseverything together. He saaslaatotal
had
co
aad a
d aad a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d
w.wp.p amount of ` 500. w.wp.p .wp.apa to buy one hour ofwhis pa
.wp.atime. aa
w.wp.p w.w
ww wwwanted
ww He gave it to his dad, aswhe ww His father realized
ww his mistake, felt ww
sorry for him and was guilty of his mistake. He hugged his son. He closed all his files and took his son on a picnic.
From then on, he decided to spend more time with his near and dear ones.
entet entet entet entet entet
aslail.ani. aslail.ani. aslail.ani. aslail.ani. aslail.ani.
s.
s
a sa s
a s
a s
a
aTask
dad 2 : Continue and.pcomplete
a a
adad the following stories
adad and suggest suitable
a atitles
dad for the same.
a a
adad
w w.wp.p w w w.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w.w
w 1. A rich man had w a neighbour who was suffering
w w The rich man was proud
from acute poverty. w of his wealth and ww
treated his poor neighbour with disrespect and derision. One day, a fortune-teller told the rich man that all his
ok
wealth etewould
t be possessed byn.e his
t tneighbour within a month. ni.entet The rich man became tgreatly
t worried and spent t t
l ail.ani.n nights. He did not
sleepless
a a l il.ai nehow to safeguardahis
aknow l ail.awealth round the clock.
a l il.ani.ene he thought ofaalaplan.
aSuddenly il.ani.ene
s
ada s s
ada s s
daada s aas s aas s
w .wp.apda He disposed of everything
w .wp.apda he had and with w p.apthat
.all
w money, he bought w pdad precious diamond.
.wpa.alarge, w pdadsewed up
.wp.aHe w.w
ww w w
the diamondwin his turban. He proudlywsaid to himself, “Now, there’s ww no way. My poor neighbour ww can never ww
secure my wealth. The words of the fortune-teller will prove false.”…………………
l a i
l .anOne
t
i.ente day the rich man was la i
l i.ente
t
o
.anwatering his garden. Suddenly,
l a i
l
t
.ani.entehe saw a big snake inlabetween
i
l
t
.ani.ente the trees. He got lscared
a i
l .ani.ente
t
sas adsaas to beat the snakes.aHe aas out to his neighbour
daadscalled sas saassnake.
apdaadaand ran to bring some apdasticks p apdaadato help him chase or.wpkillapdaad
the
ab
w.wp. w .wp. w .
w p. w .p
w . w . w.w
ww While they were ww trying to kill the snake, wwthey were running hither wwand thither. At that moment, ww the rich man’s ww
turban fell into his neighbour’s verandah. He saw this and immediately wore it again. But little did he knew that the
large diamond rolled into his neighbour’s hall. After they killed the snake, he went insidetehis house and took a bath.tet
i .ni entet
. i . ni entet
. i . ni entet
. i . ni en t
. il.ani.en
s He
aslalrested for a while. Hescame
a aslal to know about the lost
a
s adiamond
slal a only the next day.
s aslaMeanwhile
l a the neighbour s as found
la
a
adaad the diamond in his.wphall. a
adaadHe thought it was sent a
daadGod and sold it for a.pgood
aby a
adaad price. He became rich a
daad the rich
aand
ur
w w.wp.p w w .p w w.wp.p w w w.p w w.wp.p w.w

w man became w poor as the fortune teller had w predicted. w w ww
2. Four friends decided to go to a restaurant for dinner. Theyt ordered an extra-large pizza with grated cheese t
and i . ani.entet choice toppings. i.aThe
other ni . t
entenext 20 minutes seemed
i .
a ni ente to be too long a time.
. i .
a ni . t
enteTheir eyes widened ani.en
il.and
te
la l l a l la l l a l l a
.s
a
adsa s a
adsa s adsaas asa as as
.wp.apda their mouth watered, .wp.apda when the server w brought
.wp.apda the steaming hot .wpizza
p.apdadand placed it onwthe daadsa They
.wp.aptable.
w could barelywcontrol w the drool. Simultaneously, all the four hands w w.w
ww w ww wwpulled at a slice from the wwplate, their faces ww
beaming with a victorious grin. Silence prevailed as they were absorbed in the taste of their favourite food.
w
They relished every mouthful to the core and savoured the ttaste t of each topping with a tsmile of approval. Soon,tet
the
l a i
l ni.entetwas empty and clean
.aplate l a i
l .entet no trace. The boysladabbed
.aniwith il.ani.ene their mouths andlawiped il.ani.ente their hands with tissues. l ail.ani.n
e
s
ada as s
ada as s as
a a joy and satisfaction s
ada as s as
.wp.apda Mission accomplished, .wp.apdathey leaned back with .apdad
.wpimmense .wp.apdanot knowing, it would aada
.apdshort-lived.
.wpbe
w w w w w w.w
ww The waiter arrived ww with the bill. Joseph,wwho w had brought the others wwto the restaurant for a treat, ww casually slipped ww
w
his hand into his pocket to get his wallet. He gave a soft shriek accompanied by an expression of dismay and utter
disbelief. etet He exclaimed, “It’s notetthere! et Someone has pinched etet my wallet! What areewe tetto do now?” …………….etet
a l ail.ani.n a lail.ani.n a l ail.ani.n a l ail.ani.n a l ail.ani.n
s All the other friends were
s shocked to hear this. Their
s immense joy of feastings the pizza vanished in a second.
s
w
s s s s s
adaada aa
.apdad about this. Butwhe.wpdid
aa
.apdadnot excuse them. One .apda
ada aa
pdad him out
.wp.asend
w w.wp.p They told the hotel ww.wpmanager w w w.wpof the friends asked him w wto w.w
w w w w w ww
to go to his house to bring the money for what they had eaten. But the manager did not send him. He told that he
will call the police. Finally they begged him not to do so and called their friend who was nearby to settle the amount
t .entet from the trauma, t t etet
l and i.ente out of the restaurant,
ail.ancame ail.anirelieved
l i.ente had experienced. ail.ani.ente
ail.anthey l ail.ani.n
l l
a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsaasa a daadsaasa
p
w.w . p p
w.w . p p
w.w . p p
w.w . p p
w.w .p w.w
ww ww ww  ww ww ww
t t t t t t t t t t
a l il.ani.ene
Ph:9600175757 / 8124201000
a l a il.ani.ene
.wp.apda .wp.apda .

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