CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

TRI INDAH WINARNI, MD, PhD

ANATOMY DEPT. FACULTY of MEDICINE
DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
1. Organogenesis and Ventricular System
Development
2. Somatosensory System (Ascending &
Descending Tract)
3. Brain Stem, Nervi Cranialis and Limbic
system
4. Nervi craniales and limbic system
5. Cerebral blood flow, Brain vascularization ,
Blood Brain Barier
 A
B

1
C

C B

D
2

posterior inferior
E
cerebellar artery
 STROKE
• Hemorrhagic/rupture in 20% subarachnoid and
intracerebral hemorrhage
• Non-hemorrhagic/occlusion/ischemic in 80% cases 
Thrombosis/embolism/hypoxia  infarct
• Identify risk factors (hypertension, atherosclerosis, TIA)
– Middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke (most common): supplies
most of the outer convex brain surface, the basal ganglia, and
the posterior and anterior internal capsules
– Early onset: facial asymmetry, arm weakness, and speech
deficits
– Complete MCA:
• Hemiplegia (paralysis) of the contralateral side, affecting the
lower part of the face, arm, and hand
• Contralateral (opposite-side) sensory loss in the same areas
 STROKE
• Hemorrhagic (rupture) and Non-hemorrhagic
(occlusion/ischemic)
– Brain stem stroke involves vertebral and pontine
artery
– Symptom: vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance
– Locked-in syndrome is a condition in which the
entire body, except for the eye muscles is
paralyzed
 Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
• Temporary interruption of brain circulation that result
neurologic deficit at least less than 24 hours
• The most common cause is embolic disease from heart,
carotid, cerebral vessels
• The most common deficit:
– Hemiparseis
– Hemisensory loss
– Aphasia
– Confusion
– Hemiaopsia
– Vertigo
 Epidural Hematome &
Transtentorial Herniation