Mathematics-III

Practice Problems

2 marks Questions

1. If X is a constant random variable then find Var(X).

2. Find the value of k such that the following function is a p.d.f.
𝑘 , −2 < 𝑥 < 2 
a. 𝑓(𝑥) =
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
2. Find the mean of the binomial distribution B(5,2/5)..
3. What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?

4. For Binomial Distribution with n=3 and probability of a success p , find the value of p
such that P(X>0)=27/64.
5. For a Poisson distribution mean is 1.5. Find P(X=2).
6. The p.d.f.of random variable X is 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(2 − 𝑥) for 0 < 𝑥 < 2. Compute mean.
7. The equations of regression lines are y=0.5x+a, x=0.4y+b. Find correlation
coefficient.
8. Obtain x̅ and ̅y from the two regression lines 3x-5y=1 and 4x-7y=3.
9. Write the critical region if the acceptance region is -3.9<t<3.9.
10. Write the null hypothesis if Alternative hypothesis is 𝜇 > 60.

5 marks Questions

1. Suppose that the number of arrivals per minute at a toll station at which
automobiles arrive at the mean rate of 3 per minute follows Poisson distribution.
Find the probability that 5 automobiles arrive in any particular minute.
2. If 5 % of the electric bulbs manufactured by a company are defective, use Poisson
distribution to find the probability that in a sample of 100 bulbs 5 bulbs will be
defective.
3. Let the probability of a patient recovering from a certain disease is 0.75. Find the
distribution of the number of recoveries among 4 patients. Hence find mean and s.d.
4. The incidence of occupational disease in an industry is such that the workers have a
10% chance of suffering from it. What is the probability that out of six workers, 3
or more will suffer from the disease?
5. For a binomial distribution mean and s.d are respectively 4 and √3. Calculate the
probability of getting a non zero value from this distribution.
6. The probability density of a continuous distribution is given by
( )
𝑓(𝑥) = , 0 < 𝑥 < 2.Compute mean and variance?
7. If the random variable X has the p.d.f𝑓(𝑥) = , −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2,
find P(X<1) and P(|𝑋 − 1| ≥ )
8. A random variable X is exponentially distributed with p.d.f
p.d.f𝑓((𝑥) = 𝑒 , 𝑥 >0,
Find P(X≤ 20)) , P(32<X<48), P(X
P(X≥25)

9. If X is uniformly dist
distributed over [1, 2] find U so that

10. Find k so that 𝑓(𝑥,

( 𝑦 𝑦) = 𝑘𝑥𝑦, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2 will be a joint probability density
function.

11. The joint p.d.f

.d.f of (X,Y) is given by

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2; 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 𝑥

= 0 ; 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒,

Find the conditional density function of Y given X=x and X given Y=y.

12. Find k so that 𝑓

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑘(𝑥 + 𝑦), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 3 will be a joint probability
density function.
13. Let X and Y denote the lengths of two dimensions of a machined part. X and
Y are independent and measured in millimetres (you’re given independence
here).

X ∼N(10.5,
N(10.5, 0.0025)
Y ∼N(3.2,
N(3.2, 0.0036)
14. Let X and Y have joint pdf

Y=-1 Y=0 Y=1

X=0 b 2b b
X=1 3b 2b b
X=2 2b b 2b

Find marginal distributions of X and Y. Also find Conditional distributions of

15. Let X and Y have joint pdf

Y=1 Y=3 Y=9

X=2 1/8 1/24 1/12
X=4 1/4 1/4 0
X=6 1/8 1/24 1/12
Find marginal distributions of X and Y. Also find Conditional distributions of
 Y given X=4. Are X and Y independent?
16. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 ( ) , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is joint probability density function of random
variable X & Y, find P[X<1].
17. A random sample of 16 pigs showed an average increase of weight of 20 kg when a
new diet is administered. Assuming that the increase in weight is normal with
variance 4, find 95% confidence interval for average increase in weight due to this
new diet. Given 𝜙(1.96) = 0.975; 𝜙(1.99) = 0.977
18. The standard deviation of the lifetime of 100 tyres was 180 unit. Find the 99%
confidence limits for the S.D of all tyres produced by the company. [Given
𝜒.. = 140.2; 𝜒. = 67.3; 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 99 𝑑. 𝑜. 𝑓]
19. A poll is taken in which 592 of 985 randomly selected voters indicate their
preference for a certain candidate. Construct a 90% confidence interval to estimate
the true proportion of votes who prefer the candidate.
20. A sample of 11 steel rods produced by a rod company had an average breaking
strength of 3.92 unit with s.d. 0.61. On the basis of this sample find 95% confidence
interval of the breaking strength of all rods, assumed normal. [Given that
P(t>2,228)=0.025 for 10 d.o.f]

10 Marks Questions

, −2 < 𝑥 < 2 
1) Show that the function :𝑓(𝑥) = is a possible probability density function.
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(i) Construct the distribution function.
(ii) Find P(X<1).
(iii) Find P(|X|>1).
(iv) Find P(|X-1|≥2).

2) If the weekly wage of 10,000 workers in a factory follows normal distribution with mean
and s.d Rs.70 and Rs.5 respectively, find the number of workers whose weekly wages are

A) between Rs. 66 and Rs. 72

B) less than Rs. 66

C) More than Rs. 72.

3) A fair coin is tossed 400 times. Using normal approximation to binomial distribution find
the probability of obtaining (i) exactly 200 heads, (ii) between 190 and 210 heads, both
inclusive.

4) A random variable X has the following probability function

𝑋=𝑥: -2 -1 0 1 2 3

p : 0.15 m 0.25 2m 0.35 m

i) Determine the value of m.

 ii) Obtain the distribution function F(x).

5) The values of y and their corresponding values of y are shown in the table below

x 0 1 2 3 4
y 2 3 5 4 6

i) Find the least square regression line y = a x + b.

ii) Estimate the value of y when x = 10.

6) Let the joint p.d.f of X and Y be

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 𝑦),0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1

= 0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

Find 𝐸(𝑋 + 𝑌) and 𝜌 (𝑋, 𝑌).

7) Find the straight line that best fits the following data. Also find y when x= 2.8.

X 2 5 6 9 11
Y 2 4 6 9 10

8) By the method of least square, find the straight line that best fits the following data:

x 1 2 3 4 5
Y 14 27 40 55 68

9) A packing device is set to fill detergent powder packets with a mean weight of 5 kg. The
standard deviation is known to be 0.01 kg. These are known to drift upwards over a period of
time due to machine fault, which is not tolerable. A random sample of 100 packets is taken
and weighted. This sample has a mean weight of 5.03 kg and a standard deviation of 0.21 kg.
Can we conclude that the mean weight produced by the machine has increased? Use a 5 per
cent level of significance.

10) Prices of shares (in Rs.) of a company on the different days in a month were found to be:
66, 65, 69, 70, 69, 71, 70, 63, 64 and 68. Test whether the mean price of the shares in the
month is 65.

11) An auto company decided to introduce a new six cylinder car whose mean petrol
consumption is claimed to be lower than that of existing auto engine. It was found that the
mean petrol consumption for 50 cars was 10 km per litre with a standard deviation of 3.5 km
per litre. Test for the company at 5 per cent level of significance, the claim that in the new car
petrol consumption is 9.5 km per litre on the average.
12) In a simple random sample of 600 men taken from a big city, 400 are found to be
smokers. In another simple random sample of 900 men taken from another city 450 smokers.
Do the data indicate that there is a significant difference in the habit of smoking in the two
cities?

13) Suppose the production manager implements a newly developed sealing system for
boxes. He takes a random sample of 200 boxes from the daily output and finds that 12 need
rework. He is interested to determine whether the new sealing system has decreased defective
packages to below 10 per cent. (Use 1 per cent level of significance)

14) A manufacturer claims that the average mileage of scooters of his company is 40 kms/
litre. A random sample of 38 scooters of the company showed an average mileage of 42
kms/litre. Test the claim of the manufacturer on the assumption that the mileage of scooter is
normally distributed with s.dof 2 kms/litre. Given that the significant value of Z at 5% level
of significance is 1.96.

15) The average marks in Statistics of a sample of 100 students were 51 with a s.d of 6
marks. Could this have been a random sample from a population with average marks 50? Use
5% level of significance. Given that the significant value of Z at 5% level of significance is
1.96.

16) A random sample of size 20 from a normal population has mean 42 and s.d. of 5. Test the
hypothesis that the population mean 45. Use 5% level of significance. Tabulated value of t at
5% level for 19 degree of freedom is 2.09.

17) 12 ball bearings were taken at random from a large stock and their weights were recorded
(in gram) as: 3.72, 3.97,3.91,4.05, 4.01, 3.79, 3.61, 4.08, 3.67, 4.12, 3.50, 3.86, 3.91, 4.05,
4.01, 3.79, 3.61, 4.08, 3.67, 4.12, 3.50, 3.86. Find 98 % and 95% confidence interval for the
standard deviation of the population of weights assuming the population to be normal.

18) Two random samples drawn from two normal populations are :

Sample I: 20,16,26,27,23,22,18,24,25,19

Sample II : 27,33,42,42,35,32,34,38,28,41,43,30,37

Test whether the two populations have the same mean.

19) The means of two random samples of sizes 9 and 7 respectively, are 196.40 and 198.82
respectively. The sum of the squares of the deviations from the means are 26.94 and 18.73
respectively. Can the samples be considered to have been drawn from the same normal
population, it being given that the value of t for d.f. at 5% level of significance is 2.145 and
at 1% level of significance is 2.977.