‫ﺗﺎرﻳ ــﺦ‪ ......

:‬أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪2010‬‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‪:‬‬ ‫ــــــ ت‬ ‫اﻟﻤـ ــﺎدة‪ :‬ر‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘــﻮى‪ 1 :‬ﺟﺬع ﻣﺸﺘﺮك آداب‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫دي‪.‬‬ ‫با‬ ‫اد وا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ :01‬ا‬
‫اﻟﻤ ـ ـﺪة‪ 2 :‬ﺳـ]‪[2h‬ـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك اﻷﻛﺒﺮ واﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك اﻷﺻﻐﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎءات اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ‪:‬ﺣﺴﺎب ‪ PGCD‬و ‪ PPCM‬ﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪاء ﻋﻮاﻣــﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮات‬ ‫] ﺳـ ــﻴﺮ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴـ ــﻤﻴﺔ [‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬
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‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ‪- :‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺗﺬﻛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬

‫ﺗﺬﻛﲑ ﲟﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﱃ ﺟﺪاء أﻋﺪاد أوﻟﻴﺔ!‬

‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك اﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬

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‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﳌﺸﱰك اﻷﻛﱪ ﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﲔ ‪PGCD‬؟‬
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‫‪: [11‬‬ ‫ط ] ‪03‬‬
‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………......‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ا‬
‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ‪ PGCD‬و ‪ PPCM‬ﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪاء ﻋﻮاﻣــﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ /2‬ﺣﺴﺎب ‪PGCD‬‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺪف‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ‪ 110‬و ‪ 88‬ﻹﻳﺠﺎد ﻃﻮل ﺿﻠﻊ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺑﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ إﻗﻠﻴﺪس‬ ‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………......‬‬
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‫ﻃﺮﻳ ــﻘﺔ ‪ :01‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ إﻗﻠﻴﺪس )ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ( ﻓﻨﺠﺪ‪ PGCD (110,88) = 22 :‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻃﻮل ﺿﻠﻊ ﻫﻮ ‪22‬‬
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‫‪ /3‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‪ :02‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ إﱃ ﺟﺪاء ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ‪ 110= 2×5×11 :‬و ‪ 88 = 2×2×2×11‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
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‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………......‬‬
‫‪ PGCD(110,88) = 2×11=22‬ﺑﺄﺧﺬ اﻷﻋﺪاد اﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺄﺻﻐﺮ أس‪.‬‬
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‫أوﻟﻴﺔ)‪12‬د(‬ ‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………......‬‬
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‫‪ .1‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﺪدﻳﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﲔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫‪ /4‬ﺣﺴﺎب ‪PGCD‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻪ ب ‪ PGCD‬وﻫﻨﺎك ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﳊﺴﺎﺑﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ )‪8‬د(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ إﻗﻠﻴﺪس‪.‬‬
‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………......‬‬‫• ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ أﻛﱪ ﻋﺪد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
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‫• إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻌﺪوم ﻓﺎن اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻫﻮ ‪.PGCD‬‬
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‫‪ /5‬ﺷﺮح ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪاء‬

‫• إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪوم ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺣﱴ اﳊﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻌﺪوم وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻜﻮن‬
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‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬

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‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………......‬‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻫﻮ ‪.PGCD‬‬
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‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﱃ ﺟﺪاء ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ‬
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‫‪ o‬ﳓﻠﻞ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﲔ إﱃ ﺟﺪاء ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﳌﺸﱰك اﻷﻛﱪ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪاء اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ اﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ﻣﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﺮة واﺣﺔ ﺑﺄﺻﻐﺮ أس‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬أﺣﺴﺐ ‪ PGCD‬ﻟﻠﻌﺪدﻳﲔ ‪ 420‬و ‪ 396‬ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ؟‬
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‫‪ .1‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ أﺻﻐﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ /6‬ﺣﺴﺎب ‪ PPCM‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺪاء أﻋﺪاد أوﻟﻴﺔ )‪8‬د(‪.‬‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﲔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻪ ب ‪ PPCM‬وﳛﺴﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﳓﻠﻞ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﲔ إﱃ ﺟﺪاء ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬اﳌﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﳌﺸﱰك اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪاء اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ اﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ وﻏﲑ اﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ﻣﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﺮة واﺣﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﱪ أس‪.‬‬
‫‪9 13‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬أوﺟﺪ ‪ PPCM‬ﻟﻠﻌﺪدﻳﻦ ‪ 45‬و ‪ 48‬؟ واﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
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‫‪ /8‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﺧﺘﺰال‬ ‫‪45 48‬‬
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‫ﻛﺴﻮر ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ PGCD‬واﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺰال ﲝﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﳌﺸﱰك اﻷﻛﱪ ﻟﻠﺒﺴﻂ واﳌﻘﺎم‪ ،‬وﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
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‫إﻟﻰ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………......‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﱃ ﺟﺪاء ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أوﻟﻴﺔ‪) .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ ‪ 126 ; 585‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺰال؟‬
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‫‪189‬‬ ‫‪1500‬‬

‫‪ /8‬ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﺎرف‪-‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ر ـــن ط ــ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫ﺷﻔﻮي ﺳﺮﻳ ــﻊ‪.‬‬
‫أﳒﺰ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ‪ 5 :‬و‪ 7 ،6‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤـ ـ ـ}‪ {47‬ـ ــﺔ‬
‫‪Tous Droits réserves a Moumna AbdelKarim‬‬
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