‫المرحلة الثانية‬ ‫قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية‬ ‫كيمياء فيزياوية‬

4 ‫محاضرة‬ ‫ احمد جياد‬.‫م‬.‫م‬

Adiabatic processes:

The adiabatic process takes place without heat absorption or loss, meaning that the system is
isolated, and thus q=0.

For instance, in the isothermal process, heat exchange is allowed, so the temperature
remains constant. When the gas compressed isothermially it is accompanied by a transfer of
thermal energy resulting from the internal collisions of the particles with the vessel, as the
work of the compression is transformed into thermal energy, which seeps into the
Surrounding. While in the adiapatic process, when the gas compressed, there is no heat
transfer to and from the Surrounding because the system is isolated. Therefore, the increase
in the internal energy resulting from moleculars collisions will appear as an increase in the
temperature of the compressed gas, and this energy is stored inside the system.

1- The relationship between volume and temperature in adiabatic system can be derived
as the following:

If we consider the reversible adiabatic expansion of a mole of ideal gas, since dq=0 to, and
according to the first law:

𝑑𝐸 = − d𝑤 = − 𝑃 𝑑v

Since the : 𝑑𝐸 = 𝐶𝑉 𝑑T

Therefore, the work resulting from the process of reversible adiabatic expansion of the ideal
gas represents:
𝑇
Wrev. = −𝐶𝑉 ∫𝑇 2 𝑑𝑇
1

And from the two previous equations , it results as follows :

𝑑𝐸 = − d𝑤
𝐶𝑉 𝑑𝑇 = − 𝑃 𝑑V

For one mole of ideal gas:

𝑅𝑇
P=
𝑉

By substituting:
𝑅𝑇
CVdT=− 𝑑𝑉
𝑉

𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑉
CV = −𝑅
𝑇 𝑉
‫المرحلة الثانية‬ ‫قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية‬ ‫كيمياء فيزياوية‬
If V1 represents the volume of one mole of gas at the temperature T1, and V2 the volume at
the final temperature T2, and if CV does not depend on the temperature then the result of the
integration is given by:
𝑇 𝑉2
CV ln 2 = −𝑅 𝑙𝑛
𝑇1 𝑉1

Where it represents the relationship between temperature and volume, which is an inverse
relationship, that is, when the adiabatic expansion(V2>V1), the gas will cool(T2<T1), and
when the adiabatic compression, the temperature will raise.

2- The relationship between pressure and volume in adiabatic system :

can be derived as follows:

Rearranging the previous equation results in:

𝑇 𝑉2
CV ln 2 = −𝑅 𝑙𝑛
𝑇1 𝑉1

𝑇2 𝑉1 𝑅
= ( ) ⁄𝐶𝑉
𝑇1 𝑉2

Since R = CP- CV, so:

𝑇2 𝑉1 𝐶𝑃𝐶−𝐶𝑉
=( ) 𝑉
𝑇1 𝑉2
𝐶𝑃
And if the ratio = 𝛾, then:
𝐶𝑉

𝑇2 𝑉1
= ( )𝛾−1
𝑇1 𝑉2
𝑇2 𝑃2 𝑉2
And for the Ideal gas: =
𝑇1 𝑃1 𝑉1

from two equations results:

𝑃2 𝑉1
= ( )𝛾
𝑃1 𝑉2

OR
𝛾 𝛾
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

Example: Calculate the increase in temperature When a mole of gas is compressed

adiapaticly and inversely from 44.8 liters at 0°C to 22.4 liters. If you know that the heat
capacity of helium is at a constant volume (Cv) is constant and is equal to 12.54 joules per
degree per mole?
‫المرحلة الثانية‬ ‫قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية‬ ‫كيمياء فيزياوية‬
𝑇2 𝑉2
Solution: CV ln = −𝑅 𝑙𝑛
𝑇1 𝑉1

𝑇2 22.4
12.54 × 2.303 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = − 8.314 × 2.303 𝑙𝑜𝑔
273 44.8
8.314 1
log 𝑇2 = − (log ) + log 273
12.54 2
𝑇2 = 432.4°𝑘

The increase in temperature equals: 432.4 − 273 = 159.4°k