DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, MCL, JA, DERA

UNIT TEST – III

SUB – CHEMISTRY F.M.-40
CLASS – XII TIME- 1.30 Hr
SECTION – A
1. Explain the following observations:
(a)Transition elements generally form coloured compounds.
(b) Zinc is not regarded as a transition element.
2. Assign reasons for the following:
(a) Copper (I) ion is not known in aqueous solution.
(b) Transition elements show variable oxidation state.
3. Name the following coordination compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
(a) [Co (NH3)4 (H2O) Cl] Cl2
(b) [CrCl2(en)2] Cl
SECTION - B
4. What is lanthanoid contraction? Mention its main consequences.
5. Compare the following complexes with respect to structural shapes of units, magnetic behaviour and
hybrid orbitals involved in units:
(i) [Ni (CN)4]2- (ii) [NiCl4]2- (iii) [CoF6]3-
6. Explain the following terms giving a suitable example in each case:
(a) Ambident ligand
(b) Denticity of a ligand
(c) Crystal field splitting in an octahedral field
7. Answer the following questions:
(a) [Ni (H2O)6 ]2+(aq) is green in colour whereas [Ni (H2O)4(en)]2+(aq) is blue in colour. Give reason in
support of your answer.
(b) Write the formula and hybridization of the following compound: tris(ethane-1,2–diamine) cobalt
(III) sulphate
8. (a) Why are fluorides of transition metals more stable in their higher oxidation state as compared to
the lower oxidation state?
(b) Which one of the following would feel attraction when placed in magnetic field: Co2+, Ag+, Ti4+,
Zn2+?
(c) It has been observed that first ionization energy of 5d series of transition elements is higher than
that of 3d and 4d series, explain why?
9. On the basis of the figure given below, answer the following
questions:
(a) Why Manganese has lower melting point than Chromium?
(b) Why do transition metals of 3d series have lower melting
points as compared to 4d series?
(c) In the third transition series, identify and name the metal
with the highest melting point.
10. In a coordination entity, the electronic configuration of the
3 1
central metal ion is ( t 2 g ) ( e g )
(a) Is the coordination compound a high spin or low spin
complex?
(b) Draw the crystal field splitting diagram for the above
complex.
 11. Account for the following:
(a) Ti (IV) is more stable than the Ti (II) or Ti (III).
(b) In case of transition elements, ions of the same charge in a given series show progressive
decrease in radius with increasing atomic number.
(c) Zinc is a comparatively a soft metal, iron and chromium are typically hard.
SECTION - C
12. The heavy rare earth elements crystallize into hexagonally close packed (h.c.p.) structures and share
a common outer electronic configuration, differing only in the number of 4f electrons they have.
These chemically inert 4f electrons set up localized magnetic moments, which are coupled via an
indirect exchange interaction involving the conduction electrons. This leads to the formation of a
wide variety of magnetic structures, the periodicities of which are often incommensurate with the
underlying crystal lattice. Such incommensurate ordering is associated with a ‘webbed’ topology of
the momentum space surface separating the occupied and unoccupied electron states (the Fermi
surface). The shape of this surface—and hence the magnetic structure—for the heavy rare earth
elements is known to depend on the ratio of the interplanar spacing c and the interatomic, intraplanar
spacing a of the h.c.p. lattice. A theoretical understanding of this problem is, however, far from
complete. Here, using gadolinium as a prototype for all the heavy rare earth elements, we generate a
unified magnetic phase diagram, which unequivocally links the magnetic structures of the heavy rare
earths to their lattice parameters. In addition to verifying the importance of the c/a ratio, we find that
the atomic unit cell volume plays a separate, distinct role in determining the magnetic properties: we
show that the trend from ferromagnetism to incommensurate ordering as atomic number increases is
connected to the concomitant decrease in unit cell volume. This volume decrease occurs because of
the so-called lanthanide contraction, where the addition of electrons to the poorly shielding
4f orbitals leads to an increase in effective nuclear charge and, correspondingly, a decrease in ionic
radii.
(i) Which elements are also called rare earth elements?
(ii) Name the radioactive lanthanoid?
(iii) What is the cause of Lanthanoid contraction?
(iv) What is the common oxidation state of lanthanoids?
(v) Name the member of Lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.
13. In transition elements, generally, ions of the same charge in a given series show progressive decrease
in radius with increasing atomic number. This is because the new electron enters a d orbital each
time the nuclear charge increases by unity. But the radii of the third (5d) series are virtually the same
as those of the corresponding members of the second series. This phenomenon is associated with the
intervention of the 4f orbitals which must be filled before the 5d series of elements begin. The filling
of 4f before 5d orbital results in a regular decrease in atomic radii called Lanthanoid contraction.
(i) In transition metals atomic radii gradually decreases across period Why?
(ii) Why are the radii of 5d series are nearly same as that of corresponding members of 4d series?
Following are the transition metal ions of 3d series: Ti4+, V2+, Mn3+, Cr3+
(iii) Among the above transition metal ions why is Cr3+ most stable in aqueous environment.
(iv) Among the above metal ions Mn3+ is the strongest oxidizing agent.
(v) Among the transition metals ions Ti4+ is colourless.