AVILA, CHARIBELLE A.

BPA 3-A
PA 109 PUBLIC POLICY AND PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Instruction: Answer the following questions with honesty and integrity. Plagiarized answers
will be automatically marked as failed. Please observe proper citation.

38. In your community, define a policy problem using the two-step analytic process of Guy
Peters in defining policy problem.

A policy problem that I defined in my community is the public health policy. Using the
two-step analytic process of Guy Peters in defining policy problems, the first step is to define
the actual of what the problem is about which the public health policy described as the rules,
regulations, activities, and judgments enacted throughout society to promote wellness and
guarantee that specified health goals are accomplished. Examples of public health policy
include formal legislation and community participation programs. Public health policy affects all
aspects of health care, insurance, education, agriculture, and business. Defining public health
policy may be challenging due to its multidisciplinary nature. However, the one goal of all public
health policy is to promote health.

The second stage is to create dimensions that may be utilized to characterize the
situation. Organizations like the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration, and other governmental and non-governmental
organizations have a significant impact on public health policy. These organizations do research
and carry out education and health activities for a population, developing laws and regulations
to guarantee that society has access to healthy food, clean drinking water, ill immunizations,
and health care.
39. Construct a model that would explain the Philippine policymaking process in the national
level. Provide a brief explanation of how you come up such model.

State Actors - legislators, executive offices

Public sector's develoment requirements:
AGENDA SETTING Amendments to current policies; Sectoral Non-state actors - development agencies,
advocacies, etc. industry, private business, NGOs/Pos, etc.

POLICY FORMULATION
Policymakers in the legislative and
executive (national and local) take up the
agenda
POLICY ADOPTION
Congress (Republic Acts)
POLICY FORMALIZATION
Executive (Implementing Rules and
Formal enactment of the official and legal Regulations, Executive Order, Dept. Order,
policy instrument after a series of dialogues Memo Circular, etc
and consultations with state and non-state
LGUs (Council Resolutions)
sectors: presentation of options

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
Translation of the policy into programs and
projects at the executive branch - from the POLICY EVALUATION Executive Branch - Departments, Agencies,
President to the line agencies and
Policy Implementation Review and LGUs, Budget Department Office, Civil
concerned institutions at the national and
Evaluation towards Agenda Setting Service, Regulatory and Oversight Agencies
local levels;
Mobilization of resources - funds,
personnel, etc.

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I came up with this policy making process of the Philippines by searching on the google and I
made it as a model by inserting like this kind of repeating bending process layout. I also checked
and analyzed it to have this kind of policy making process model.

40. Based on what you know, how would you explain the importance of Policymaking models in
the policymaking process in the Philippines?

The importance of policy making models is they concentrate on many facets of the policy-
making process in the Philippines, especially dealing with concerns of power and reason among
the participants. While these models are useful for drawing attention to important elements of
policymaking, they fall short of giving comprehensive explanations. This viewpoint would have
significant implications for the kind of policies that may be adopted, notably in terms of their
substance and applicability. Among the actions included in the policymaking process are
identifying the problem, setting the agenda, designing the policy, implementing the policy, and
reviewing the policy once it has been implemented. The ability of other organizations to sway
support for a proposed policy in their favor is sometimes used to gauge one group's relative
power. Regardless of the policy's objectives, the group with the ability or power to manage the
enactment process will surely gain government backing. It gives the knowledge required for the
government to develop policies that are beneficial to the general population.