The Structural Engineers Guide to Special Inspection Prepared by: STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF OREGON SPECIAL INSPECTION SUB-COMMITTEE Structural Engineers Association of Oregon P.O. Box 3285 Portland, OR 97208 Phone (503) 399-7312 E-mail: seao @ seao.org www.seao.orgIst Edition - August 1998 The Structural Engineers Guide to Special Inspection This document was prepared by members of the Structural Engineers Association of Oregon (SEAO) Special Inspection Sub-Committee: Wade Younie, P.E., 1997-98 SEAO Board Contact (WDY, Inc.) Ed Quesenberry, P.E., 1997-98 Technical Committee Chair (Kpff) Gerald Gotchall, P.E., 1997-98 Sub-Committee Chair (Gotchall & Assoc.) Jay Ponce (City of Portland) Eric Schmidt, P.E. (City of Gresham) Mike Murray (Wood-Lam Structures, Inc) Stacy Bartoletti, P.E. (Degenkolb Engineers) Andy Ewing (Carlson Testing Inc) Ray Miller, P.E. (Miller Consulting Engineers) Robert Scherzinger, P.E. (Jeddeloh, Hays, Inc.) Jerry Kammerman, P.E. (Washington County) The committee acknowledges the SEAO board for their comments, suggestions and support during the time in which this document was being prepared. The committee would also like to acknowledge the ICBO Model Program for Special Inspection, the City of Portland Special Inspection Program and the Washington County Special Inspection Program. A significant portion of the material for this document was derived from their work The committee recommends the above mentioned documents along with the Structural Engineers Association of Northern California, Guidelines for Special Inspection and Structural Observation, in accordance with the 1997 UBC, for additional reference material. Table of Contents © Section I - Introduction © Section I - Program © Section III - Commentary © Section IV - Program Example THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 20F 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 1998SECTION I- INTRODUCTION The 1996 Oregon Structural Specialty Code (OSSC) identifies the requirements for special inspection and places the responsibility on the Engineer or Architect of Record to prepare a special inspection and structural observation program. It is the intent of the OSSC that all items requiring special inspection are clearly identified on the contract documents. The Structural Engineers Guide to Special Inspection was developed by the Special Inspection Sub-Committee of the Structural Engineers Association of Oregon (SEAO) and is intended to assist the Engineer or Architect in meeting this requirement. (1) The Structural Engineers Guide to Special Inspection was prepared by to guide the Engineer in preparing a clear, concise, and consistent special inspection program. It is also expected that this model program will improve consistency in the field through clear communication of the project requirements, as well as aid in the plans examination process. Additionally, it is important to note that special inspection is only a part of the construction quality control process required by OSSC. The other portions of the process are equally important and include inspections by the Building Official, material sampling and testing, and structural observation. (2) The Structural Engineers Guide to Special Inspection identifies project specific special inspection requirements but not qualifications of the special inspector. Most local jurisdictions have established special inspection programs that identify and define these qualifications. If the local jurisdiction does not have a special inspection program that defines the responsibilities and qualifications of the Special Inspector, the Engineer or Architect of Record should clearly identify these requirements in the contract documents. ‘The SEAO model program has been developed in two formats: a text format and a matrix (tabular) format. Select the format that best suits the project requirements and engineer’s preference. Not every project would require all of the inspection elements of the master program and should be modified as required for each specific project to avoid confusion. The special inspection program would preferably be presented on the “SI” general note sheet of the structural drawings. As an alternative, the program may be defined in the project specifications. On occasion, structural design dictates whether or not an item requires special inspection and if so, whether or not the required inspection be performed on a continuous or periodic basis. Masonry and anchor bolts are two such examples. If the design uses lower values based on limited or no special inspections, the structural drawings need to include a statement to that affect. 1. Although every attempt was made to provide the user with a factual paper, SEAO has no implied or express warranty with regard to this document or it's accuracy. ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 30F 18 I* EDITION - AUGUST 19982. Note that itis the responsibility ofthe engineer or architect to verify acceptance of any variation from the specific requirements of the OSSC ‘ith the local building offical SECTION Il- PROGRAM (EXPANDED TEXT FORMAT) STRUCTURAL ENGINEER'S SPECIAL INSPECTION PROGRAM General 1, Special inspection is required per Chapter 17 of the 1996 Oregon Structural Specialty Code (OSSC). 2. The special inspector shall be a qualified person who shall demonstrate competence, to the satisfaction of the Building Official, for inspection of the particular type of construction or operation requiring special inspection. 3. Prior to the beginning of construction, the Architect(or Engineer) shall call a pre-construction meeting with the Architect, Engineer, Building Official, contractor and special inspectors to review the special inspection requirements. 4. Duties of the special inspector include but are not limited to: ‘A. Acknowledge the special inspection and testing agreement provided by the local jurisdiction. B. The special inspector shall observe the work for conformance with the approved construction documents. All discrepancies shall be brought to the immediate attention of the contractor for correction, then, if uncorrected to the Engineer and to the Building Official. C. The special inspector shall furnish inspection reports for each inspection to the Building Official, Architect, Engineer, contractor and (other designated parties), in a timely manner, as established at the pre construction meeting. D. The special inspector shall submit a final report stating whether the work requiring special inspection was, to the best of the special inspector’s knowledge, is in conformance with the approved construction documents and the applicable workmanship provisions of the OSSC. 5. Duties of the contractor include but are not limited to: A. Notify the special inspector that the work is ready for inspection at least 24 hours before such inspection, B. All work requiring special inspection shall remain accessible and exposed until it has been observed and indicated to be in conformance by the special inspector and approved by the Building Official C. Provide the special inspector with access to approved construction documents at jobsite. D. Maintain at the jobsite copies of all reports submitted by the special inspector. 6. Definitions A. Continuous inspection means that the special inspector is on site at all times observing the work requiring special inspection. B. Periodic inspection means that the special inspector is on site at time intervals necessary to confirm that the work requiring special inspection is in conformance with approved construction documents. ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 40F 18 1" EDITION - AUGUST 1998TYPES OF WORK THAT REQUIRE SPECIAL INSPECTII Soils 1. Grading, Excavation and Filling - Refer to Project Specifications Piling, Drilled piers and caissons 1, Complete Installation - Refer to Project Specifications Concrete Placing of Reinforced Concrete - Continuous Taking of Test Specimens - Continuous Bolts Cast in Conerete - Periodic Special Moment Resisting Concrete Frames in Seismic Zones 3 and 4- Continuous Placement of Reinforcing Steel - Periodic Placement of Prestressing Tendons - Periodic Stressing and Grouting of Tendons in Prestressed Concrete - Continuous Welding of A706 Reinforcing Steel for Embeds _- Larger than #5 - Continuous - #5 and Smaller - Periodic eI AWALNS Shoterete 1. Construction and Testing of Test Panel - Continuous 2. Shotcrete Placement - Continuous 3. Placement of Reinforcing Steel - Periodic 4, Visual Examination of Completed Work and Strength Tests - Continuous Structural Welding and High Strength Bolting Fillet Welds exceeding 5/16"- Continuous Groove Welds - Continuous ingle Pass Fillet Welds not exceeding 5/16"- Periodic Floor and Roof Deck Welding - Periodic Welded Studs - Periodic Welded Cold Formed Framing (Studs & Joists)- Periodic Welded Stair and Railing Systems - Periodic Special Moment-Resisting & Ordinary Moment Frames - Continuous + Nondestructive Testing Welding of A706 Reinforcing Steel for Embeds - Larger than #5 - Continuous - #5 and Smaller - Periodic Per Awa YNS 10. High Strength Bolting- Periodic Structural Masonry Preparation of Prisms and Test Specimens - Continuous Unit Placement - Continuous Placement of Reinforcing Steel - Continuous Grout Space - Periodic Grout Placement - Continuous yaeene Other 1. Reinforced Class B Gypsum Concrete -Continuous 2. Structural Insulating Concrete Fill - Continuous ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 5 OF 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 19983. Spray-applied fireproofing - Periodic Special Cases Fabrication of En, NaVawnn Conditions. (EXPANDED TABULAR FORMAT) Wood/Metal Stud Shear Walls - Periodic (Engineer option) Wood Diaphragms - Periodic (Engineer option) yeered Wood Products - Continuous/Periodic (Engineer option) Coupling of Reinforcing Steel per ICBO Evaluation Report or Equivalent - Continuous. Adhesive Anchor Installation per ICBO Evaluation Report or Equivalent - Continuous Expansion Bolt Installation per ICBO Evaluation Report or Equivalent - Continuous Work such as Process Piping, Structural Silicone or other Types of Work that involve Hazardous SPECIAL INSPECTION PROGRAM“? ESTABLISHED PER CHAPTER 17 OF THE 1996 OREGON STRUCTURAL SPECIALTY CODE (OSSC) UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE, ALL SPECIAL INSPECTIONS SHALL BE CONTINUOUS. TYPES OF WORK PERIODIC™ COMMENTS ‘SOILS ‘GRADING, EXCAVATION & FILL REF. PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS PILING, DRILLED PIERS & CAISSONS ‘COMPLETE INSTALLATION REF, PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS ‘CONCRETE PLACEMENT OF REINFORCING STEEL PLACEMENT OF PRESTRESSING TENDONS WELDING OF A706 REINFORCING STEEL FOR EMBEDS _- LARGER THAN #5 = #5 & SMALLER BOLTS CAST IN CONCRETE PLACING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TAKING OF TEST SPECIMENS ‘STRESSING AND GROUTING OF TENDONS IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE. ‘SPECIAL MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES IN SEISMIC ZONES 3 & 4 SHOTCRETE CONSTRUCTION / TESTING OF TEST PANEL, ‘SHOTCRETE PLACEMENT PLACEMENT OF REINFORCING STEEL THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 6 OF 18 1" EDITION - AUGUST 1998VISUAL EXAMINATION OF COMPLETED WORK AND STRENGTH TESTS STRUCTURAL WELDING AND HIGH STRENGTH BOLTING ‘SINGLE PASS FILLET WELDS NOT EXCEEDING 5/16” FILLET WELDS EXCEEDING 5/16” GROOVE WELDS FLOOR AND ROOF DECKING WELDED STUDS WELDED COLD FORMED FRAMING WELDED STAIR AND RAILING SYSTEMS, >| | ><} >< WELDING OF A706 REINFORCING STEEL FOR EMBEDS _- LARGER THAN #5 ~ #5 & SMALLER ‘SPECIAL MOMENT-RESISTING AND ORDINARY MOMENT FRAMES PROVIDE NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING PER OSSC 1703, IN SEISMIC ZONES 384 HIGH STRENGTH BOLTING STRUCTURAL MASONRY PRISM PREPARATION’ TEST SPECIMENS. UNIT PLACEMENT PLACEMENT OF REINFORCING STEEL GROUT SPACE. ‘GROUT PLACEMENT OTHER REINFORCED CLASS “B” GYP. CONCRETE. ‘STRUCTURAL INSULATING CONC. FILL ‘SPRAY-APPLIED FIREPROOFING ‘SPECIAL CASES WOOD/METAL STUD SHEARWALLS ‘WOOD DIAPHRAGMS ‘COUPLING OF REINFORCING STEEL PER ICBO EVALUATION REPORT ADHESIVE ANCHOR INSTALLATION PER ICBO EVALUATION REPORT EXPANSION BOLT INSTALLATION PER ICBO EVALUATION REPORT PROGRAM FOOTNO’ 1, THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL BE A QUALIFIED PERSON WHO SHALL DEMONSTRATE COMPETENCE, TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL, FOR INSPECTION OF THE PARTICULAR TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION OR OPERATION REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION. 2. PRIOR TO THE BEGINNING OF CONSTRUCTION, THE ARCHITECT(OR ENGINEER) SHALL CALL A PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING WITH THE ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, BUILDING OFFICIAL, CONTRACTOR AND SPECIAL INSPECTORS TO REVIEW THE SPECIAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS. ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 70F 18 I* EDITION - AUGUST 19983. DUTIES OF THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO A. ACKNOWLEDGE THE SPECIAL INSPECTION PROGRAM AND THE SPECIAL INSP! ‘TESTING AGREEMENT, PROVIDED BY LOCAL JURISDICTION. B. THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL OBSERVE THE WORK FOR CONFORMANCE WITH THE APPROVED PERMIT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS. ALL DISCREPANCIES SHALL BE BROUGHT ‘TO THE IMMEDIATE ATTENTION OF THE CONTRACTOR FOR CORRECTION, THEN, IF UNCORRECTED, TO THE ENGINEER AND TO THE BUILDING OFFICIAL. C. THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL FURNISH INSPECTION REPORTS FOR EACH INSPECTION TO ‘THE BUILDING OFFICIAL, ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, CONTRACTOR AND (OTHER DESIGNATED PARTIES), IN A TIMELY MANNER, AS ESTABLISHED AT THE PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING. D. THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT STATING WHETHER THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION WAS INSPECTED, AND WHETHER THE WORK IS IN CONFORMANCE WITH THE APPROVED PERMIT PLANS ANDSPECIFICATIONS AND THE APPLICABLE WORKMANSHIP PROVISIONS OF THE OSSC. 4, DUTIES OF THE CONTRACTOR INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO A. NOTIFY THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR THAT THE WORK IS READY FOR INSPECTION AT LEAST 24 HOURS BEFORE SUCH INSPECTION. B. ALL WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION SHALL REMAIN ACCESSIBLE AND EXPOSED UNTIL IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED AND INDICATED TO BE IN CONFORMANCE BY THE SPECIAL. INSPECTOR AND APPROVED BY THE BUILDING OFFICIAL. C. PROVIDE THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR WITH ACCESS TO APPROVED PERMIT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS AT THE JOBSITE, D. MAINTAIN AT THE JOBSITE COPIES OF ALL REPORTS SUBMITTED BY THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR. 5, DEFINITIONS A. CONTINUOUS INSPECTION MEANS THAT THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR IS ON SITE AT ALL TIMES OBSERVING THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION, B, PERIODIC INSPECTION MEANS THAT THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR IS ON SITE AT TIME INTERVALS NECESSARY TO CONFIRM THAT THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION IS IN CONFORMANCE WITH APPROVED PERMIT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS. ION AND, ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 80F 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 1998‘SECTION Il - COMMENTARY General ‘The qualifications and credentials of the Special Inspector must be reviewed and approved by the Building Official, Most jurisdictions require candidates to obtain certification by an accredited agency, such as the International Conference of Building Officials and may require an oral interview.(1701.2) A preconstruction meeting for special inspection is not required by the code but the committee highly recommends the process. In addition to the special inspector and the contractor, the Engineer of Record is an integral part of the special inspection program. Following are recommended duties of the Engineer: ‘A. Identify the need for special inspections B. Develop special inspection program and acknowledge the special inspection and testing agreement. C. Assist the owner in selecting special inspectors and a testing agency. D. Respond to field discrepancies in a timely manner.(ICBO Model Program & 1701.3) The code recognizes (3) three types of special inspections: A. Continuous. All inspections are continuous unless specified otherwise. (1701.6.1) B. Periodic. Specific exceptions as noted within the code, C. Periodic, as a substitute for code required continuous inspections. These inspections must be outlined by the Engineer on the drawings and approved by the Building Official. (1701.6.2) Soils Soils tests shall be conducted by or under the supervision of a Geotechnical Engineer. The Geotechnical or Civil Engineer is responsible for setting the soil testing requirements which are usually part of the project specifications. (1701.5 Item 13) Piling Observation of the installation of piling, drilled piers and caissons shall be continuous under the supervision of the Geotechnical Engineer. The Geotechnical or Civil Engineer is responsible for setting the soil testing requirements which are usually part of the project specifications. (1701.5 Item 11) Conerete The special inspector is required to be present during the placement of all structural concrete and during the taking of test specimens with the following exceptions: A. Foundations conforming to the minimum requirements of Table 18-I-D. B. Foundations for Group R, Division 3 or Group M, Division 1 Occupancies. C. Foundation concrete, except drilled piles or caissons, where the structural design is based on a strength no greater than 2,500 psi. D. Nonstructural slabs on grade including prestressed slabs where the prestres less than 150 psi. THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 9OF 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 1998E. Site work concrete fully supported on earth and concrete where no special hazard exists.(1701.5) Special inspection prior to and during the placement of concrete around bolts is required when the stress increase permitted by Footnote 5 of Table 19-E is utilized. When stress increases are not utilized in design, special inspection is not required.(1701.5 Item 2) For moment frames resisting design seismic loads in structures within Seismic Zones 3 and 4, a specially qualified special inspector, approved by the Engineer, who will provide reports to the person responsible for the structural design shall provide continuous inspection of the placement of the reinforcement and conerete and shall submit a certificate indicating compliance with the approved construction documents. (1701.5 Item 3, 1921.9). ‘The special inspector need not be present continuously during the placing of reinforcing steel and prestressing tendons, provided the special inspector has inspected the placement for conformance to the approved construction documents prior to the closing of the forms or delivery of concrete to the job site. (1701.5 Item 4) The special inspector shall provide continuous inspection during the stre grouting of bonded tendons in prestressed concrete. (1701.5 Item 4) ing of all tendons and the Inspection of the welding of reinforcing steel shall be continuous with the following exception: The special inspector need not be continuously present during the welding of ASTM A706 reinforcing steel no larger than No. 5 bars used for embedments, provided the materials, qualifications of welding procedures and welders are verified prior to the start of work; periodic inspections are made of work in progress; and a visual inspection of all welds is made prior to completion or prior to shipment of shop welding. See OSSC 19-2 for additional wel ments. (1701.5 Item 5.3) Shoterete Special inspections may not be required for shotcrete work fully supported on earth, minor repairs, or when the Building Official determines no special hazard exists. ICBO Model Program of Special Inspection does not list the duties of the special inspector for shotcrete work. The duties of the special inspector are listed in the special inspection programs for Washington County, the City of Portland and ACI 506. Operator skill is very important to successful application of shoterete. As a result, itis recommended that test panels be shot for all structural applications. Test panels are not required by OSSC unless specifically required by the Building Official or the reinforcement size and spacing exceeds the requirements of Section 1922.4. ‘The special inspector should observe the shoterete placement by the nozzle operator to verify the ability to do the work without excessive voids, rock pockets and other deficiencies. The test panel shall be shot at the same angle, using the same operator, equipment and concrete mix design as the rest of the project. (1922.5 & 1922.11 Item 1) Code requirements for shoterete are for continuous inspection of reinforcing steel placement. The committee believes that periodic, same as for concrete, should be acceptable.(1922.11 Item 1) ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 100F 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 1998Steel Welded connections All welds shall be visually inspected. Continuous inspection is required during the welding of any member or connection which is designed to resist loads and forces required by code with the following exceptions A. Welding done in an approved fabricator’s shop in accordance with Section 1701.7.2. The exception recognizes that a fabricator, to the satisfaction of the Building Official, has been prequalified based on procedures, equipment, experience, and their quality assurance programs as being capable of producing certain welds in compliance with nationally recognized standards. This certification by the Building Official is separate from the ICBO and AISC quality assurance programs for steel fabricators, although these agency certifications may be accepted by the building department as meeting the code requirements. Certification as an approved fabricator is contingent upon the following: 1, The fabricator must develop, submit and maintain a detailed fabrication procedural (quality control) manual. 2. An initial facility audit must be conducted by an approved inspection or quality control agency. 3. Periodic plant inspections are conducted to monitor the effectiveness of their quality control program. Two requirements of approved fabricators are often overlooked. First, the Building Official must accept and approve each fabricator in their category of fabrication, meaning structural steel, precast concrete, structural masonry, etc. The second is that every approved fabricator is required to submit to the Building Official, special inspection agency and the Engineer (or Architect) of record a "certification of compliance" stating that the work (material or component delivered) was performed in accordance with the approved construction documents. B, The special inspector need not be continuously present during the welding of the following items, provided the materials, qualifications of welding procedures and welders are verified prior to the start of work, periodic inspections are made of work in progress and a visual inspection of all welds is made prior to completion or prior to shipment of shop welding:(1701.5 Item 5.1) Single-pass fillet welds not exceeding 5/16 inch in size, Floor and roof deck welding. (See below for mechanical attachment) Welded studs when used for structural diaphragm or composite systems. Welded sheet steel for cold-formed steel framing members such as studs and joists Welding of stairs and railing systems. Mechanical attachment of floor and roof decking: Although not specifically covered by either the OSSC or their evaluation reports, the structural Engineer may require special inspection due to it's critical role in transferring loads application. These inspections are typically periodic and include verifying correct connector styles, sizes, powder-actuated tool set-up and visual/manual inspection of their installation, ayeene ‘The OSSC requirements for non-destructive testing (NDT) are specified in OSSC Section 1703 and ORS 447.247. These requirements relate to ordinary and special moment frames in seismic zones 3 and 4. ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 11 OF 18 I* EDITION - AUGUST 1998The Engineer of Record should specify the NDT program in the contract documents. This program should specify the NDT method and acceptance criteria, ‘The two most common methods of NDT for groove welds are radiographic and ultrasonic.(AWS D.1.1-94 Section 6.7) The testing procedures are covered in AWS D1.1-94 Chapter 6, Part B for radiographic and Part C for ultrasonic. The acceptance criteria for welds is covered in AWS D1.1-94 Section 8.15 for Statically Loaded Structures, Section 9.25 for Dynamically Loaded Structures and Section 10.17.3.2 for Tubular Structures. Other NDT methods, commonly used for fillet welds, include magnetic particle and dye penetrant. The current FEMA 267 document (Interim Guidelines: Evaluation, Repair, Modification and Design of Welded Steel Moment Frame Structures) should be incorporated into the project requirements. Inspection of the welding of reinforcing steel shall be continuous with the following exception: The special inspector need not be continuously present during the welding of ASTM A706 reinforcing stee! no larger than No. 5 bars used for embedments, provided the materials, qualifications of welding procedures and welders are verified prior to the start of work; periodic inspections are made of work in progress; and a visual inspection of all welds is made prior to completion or prior to shipment of shop welding. See OSSC 19-2 for additional welding requirements. (1701.5 Item 5.3) High Strength Bolting In the past, high strength bolts were required to be tightened to a specified pretension. This requirement ‘was changed in 1985 to permit some bearing type connections to be tightened to a "snug-tight” condition. In order for the connection to qualify as snug-tight” bearing type, the bolts must not be subject to tension loads and the connection may not be subject to fatigue loading nor classified as slip critical as defined in Section 5(a) of the ASD Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts. Some connections require fully-tensioned high-strength bolts or welds.(Section J1.12 of the ASD manual) ‘The special inspectors responsibility is to verify that all high strength bolts are installed in accordance with the design documents, the building code (OSSC), and the industry standards (AISC) This would include review of the following: 1. Tension calibration procedures Grade of bolts, nuts and washers Storage of the bolting materials Surface condition of mating surfaces Hole type Visually inspecting completed joints to assure faying surfaces are in firm contact and the proper bolt tension has been achieved ausen Slip-Critical connections require full pretensioning. The Engineer should specify one of the four recognized methods for pre-tensioning in the construction documents, i.e... Turn of the nut, C: Wrench, Installation of Alternate Design Bolts and Direct Tension Indicators. (2227.4) Where permitted by design, bearing type connections may be tightened to a "Snug-Tight" condition, Snug tight is defined as the tightness that exists when all plies in a joint are in firm contact. This may be attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full effort of a man using an ordinary spud wrench (22273) The Structural Drawings must indicate which bolts require full pretensioning and which bolt may be tensioned to the snug-tight condition. ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 12 OF 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 1998Structural Masonry When fully grouted open-ended hollow unit masonry is used or where specified strength is no more than 1500 psi for concrete units or 2600 psi for clay units, special inspections for unit placement and reinforcement placement may be periodic. The inspections shall be at the start of laying for units and after placement of reinforcing steel. The special inspection requirements for preparing prisms and test specimens, inspecting the grout spaces and reinforcement placement remain unchanged. (1701.5 Item 7A) Special inspection is not required when the design stresses are adjusted as specified in OSSC 2107.1.2. ‘When stresses are adjusted, the drawings should state that "Masonry design is based upon allowable Stresses without continuous special inspection". Special inspections are still recommended, but at a reduced level. (2107.1.2) Special inspections are required when the full allowable stresses are used with working stress design or when the design is by the ultimate strength method. (2108.1.2) Other Continuous inspection is required for insulating concrete fill when used as part of the structural system.(1701.5 Item 9) Special Cases Wood Construction Special inspections for wood construction are not required by OSSC, but may be required by local codes and/or the Engineer or Architect of Record. An increasing number of engineers are including inspections of wood framing items. Shear wall and diaphragm nailing, lateral load hold-downs and strap connections are the most common. Plant inspections of engineered wood products are generally not required and would be an engineer option. Examples of engineered wood products include I-joists, glue laminated beams, metal plated trusses and heavy timber trusses. Very few inspection agencies are certified in wood inspection, though the number appears to be on the rise. If special inspection of wood construction is required, the Engineer will need to specify what, how, by whom and frequency for inspections. For example, diaphragm nailing would require the Engineer or Architect of Record to specify that the inspector review nail size, penetration, spacing at boundaries, panel edges, field, perimeter members and shear collectors. Also, the Engineer may specify that the inspector review blocking and document the presence of any "shiners" in the diaphragm. ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 13 OF 18 I EDITION - AUGUST 1998Some engineers may prefer to do these inspections themselves. In this case, the documents should specify what items are to be observed by the Engineer of record and that adequate time be allowed for inspection before these items are covered. Adhesive and Expansion Anchors Special inspection for adhesive and expansion anchors is not specifically required by the OSSC; however, installation procedures for these items are generally critical and warrant special inspection. Special pection of installations is required by ICBO Evaluation Report for most of these items. Some manufacturers! reports allow installation without special inspection when reduced design loads are ized. When applicable, the approved construction documents should state that reduced values have been used in the design, Mechanical Connections for Reinforcing Steel Special inspection of mechanical connections for reinforcing steel is not specifically required by the OSSC; however, due to the potential impacts of failure of these elements, it is recommended that continuous inspection be performed. The special inspector should inspect all mechanical couplers prior to closing of forms or placement of concrete. ICBO Evaluation Report No ER-3967 for Erico, Inc. Reinforcing Steel Couplers and Splices states: "Continuous special inspection is required in accordance with Section 1701.5.4 of the code. The inspector's duties include inspecting grade and size of reinforcement bars, coupler and sleeve identification, thread quality of bars, position of couplers and sleeves, installation of couplers and sleeves to bars, grouting of Lenton Interlock Splice System, and sampling of grout cubes.” ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 140F 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 1998SECTION IV - PROGRAM EXAMPLE Example: 40,000 SF, two-story commercial office shell building constructed as follows: Site requires minor cut, fill and compaction Concrete spread footings and continuous strip footings where applicable 4” concrete slab-on-grade 8” CMU back wall (Special Inspection Required) Structural steel columns, beams and girders Structural Steel chevron braced frames Conerete topping over composite metal deck floor system Alll steel will require fireproofing A325 slip critical bolts at all connections 1-1/2” metal roof deck with welded lap connections Expansion bolts (Non-uplift column to footing connections) (EXAMPLE: TEXT FORMAT) STRUCTURAL ENGINEER'S SPECIAL INSPECTION PROGRAM GENERAL 2, SPECIAL INSPECTION IS REQUIRED PER CHAPTER 17 OF THE 1996 OREGON STRUCTURAL SPECIALTY CODE (OSSC). THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL BE A QUALIFIED PERSON WHO SHALL DEMONSTRATE COMPETENCE, TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL, FOR INSPECTION OF THE PARTICULAR TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION OR OPERATION REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION. PRIOR TO THE BEGINNING OF CONSTRUCTION, THE ARCHITECT(OR ENGINEER) SHALL CALL A PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING WITH THE ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, BUILDING OFFICIAL, CONTRACTOR AND SPECIAL INSPECTORS TO REVIEW THE SPECIAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS DUTIES OF THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: ‘A. ACKNOWLEDGE THE SPECIAL INSPECTION AND TESTING AGREEMENT PROVIDED BY THE LOCAL JURISDICTION. B. THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL OBSERVE THE WORK FOR CONFORMANCE WITH THE APPROVED CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. ALL DISCREPANCIES SHALL BE BROUGHT TO THE IMMEDIATE ATTENTION OF THE CONTRACTOR FOR CORRECTION, THEN, IF UNCORRECTED TO THE ENGINEER AND TO THE BUILDING OFFICIAL. C, THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL FURNISH INSPECTION REPORTS FOR EACH INSPECTION TO THE BUILDING OFFICIAL, ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, CONTRACTOR AND (OTHER DESIGNATED PARTIES), IN A TIMELY MANNER, A: ‘ABLISHED AT THE PRE CONSTRUCTION MEETING ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 15 OF 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 1998INSPECTOR SHALL SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT STATING WHETHER THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION WAS, TO THE BEST OF THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR’S KNOWLEDGE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH THE APPROVED CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS AND THE APPLICABLE WORKMANSHIP PROVISIONS OF THE OSSC. 5. DUTIES OF THE CONTRACTOR INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: A. NOTIFY THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR THAT THE WORK IS READY FOR INSPECTION AT LEAST 24 HOURS BEFORE SUCH INSPECTION. B. ALL WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION SHALL REMAIN ACCESSIBLE AND EXPOSED UNTIL IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED AND INDICATED TO BE IN CONFORMANCE BY THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR AND APPROVED BY THE BUILDING OFFICIAL. C. PROVIDE THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR WITH ACCESS TO APPROVED CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS AT JOBSITE. D. MAINTAIN AT THE JOBSITE COPIES OF ALL REPORTS SUBMITTED BY THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR. 6. DEFINITIONS A. CONTINUOUS INSPECTION MEANS THAT THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR IS ON SITE AT ALL TIMES OBSERVING THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION. B. PERIODIC INSPECTION MEANS THAT THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR IS ON SITE AT TIME INTERVALS NECESSARY TO CONFIRM THAT THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION IS IN CONFORMANCE WITH APPROVED CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. SOILS 1. GRADING, EXCAVATION AND FILLING - REFER TO PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS. CONCRETE, PLACING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE - CONTINUOUS TAKING OF TEST SPECIMENS - CONTINUOUS BOLTS CAST IN CONCRETE - PERIODIC PLACEMENT OF REINFORCING STEEL - PERIODIC Bene STRUCTURAL WELDING AND HIGH STRENGTH BOLTING FILLET WELDS EXCEEDING 5/16"- CONTINUOUS GROOVE WELDS - CONTINUOUS SINGLE PASS FILLET WELDS NOT EXCEEDING 5/16"- PERIODIC FLOOR AND ROOF DECK WELDING - PERIODIC WELDED STUDS - PERIODIC WELDED COLD FORMED FRAMING (STUDS & JOISTS)- PERIODIC WELDED STAIR AND RAILING SYSTEMS - PERIODIC HIGH STRENGTH BOLTING- PERIODIC era eee STRUCTURAL MASONRY PREPARATION OF PRISMS AND TEST SPECIMENS - CONTINUOUS UNIT PLACEMENT - CONTINUOUS, PLACEMENT OF REINFORCING STEEL - CONTINUOUS, GROUT SPACE - PERIODIC GROUT PLACEMENT - CONTINUOUS pawpe OTHER 1. SPRAY-APPLIED FIREPROOFING - PERIODIC SPECIAL CAS! THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 160F 18 I" EDITION - AUGUST 19981. EXPANSION BOLT INSTALLATION PER ICBO EVALUATION REPORT #### (EXAMPLE: TABULAR FORMAT SPECIAL INSPECTION PROGRAM 3) ESTABLISHED PER CHAPTER 17 OF THE 1996 OREGON STRUCTURAL SPECIALTY CODE (OSSC) UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE, ALL SPECIAL INSPECTIONS SHALL BE CONTINUOUS, TYPES OF WORK | PERIODIC? COMMENTS SOILS ‘GRADING, EXCAVATION & FILL REF, PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS CONCRETE PLACEMENT OF REINFORCING STEEL BOLTS CAST IN CONCRETE, PLACING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TAKING OF TEST SPECIMENS STRUCTURAL WELDING AND HIGH STRENGTH BOLTING ‘SINGLE PASS FILLET WELDS NOT EXCEEDING 5/16” FILLET WELDS EXCEEDING 5/16" GROOVE WELDS FLOOR AND ROOF DECKING WELDED STUDS: WELDED COLD FORMED FRAMING WELDED STAIR AND RAILING SYSTEMS, HIGH STRENGTH BOLTING >| ><] >| ><] >! ‘STRUCTURAL MASONRY PRISM PREPARATION’ TEST SPECIMENS: UNIT PLACEMENT PLACEMENT OF REINFORCING STEEL ‘GROUT SPACE ‘GROUT PLACEMENT ‘OTHER ‘SPRAY-APPLIED FIREPROOFING SPECIAL CASES EXPANSION BOLT INSTALLATION PER ICBO EVALUATION REPORT #i## PROGRAM FOOTNOTES: ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION I" EDITION - AUGUST 1998 PAGE 170F 18N THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL BE A QUALIFIED PERSON WHO SHALL DEMONSTRATE COMPETENCE, TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL, FOR INSPECTION OF THE. PARTICULAR TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION OR OPERATION REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION. PRIOR TO THE BEGINNING OF CONSTRUCTION, THE ARCHITECT(OR ENGINEER) SHALL CALL A PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING WITH THE ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, BUILDING OFFICIAL, CONTRACTOR AND SPECIAL INSPECTORS TO REVIEW THE SPECIAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS. DUTIES OF THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: A. ACKNOWLEDGE THE SPECIAL INSPECTION PROGRAM AND THE SPECIAL INSPECTION AND TESTING AGREEMENT PROVIDED BY THE LOCAL JURISDICTION. B. THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL OBSERVE THE WORK FOR CONFORMANCE WITH THE APPROVED PERMIT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS. ALL DISCREPANCIES SHALL BE BROUGHT TO THE IMMEDIATE ATTENTION OF THE CONTRACTOR FOR CORRECTION, THEN, IF UNCORRECTED TO THE ENGINEER AND TO THE BUILDING OFFICIAL. C. THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL FURNISH INSPECTION REPORTS FOR EACH INSPECTION TO THE BUILDING OFFICIAL, ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, CONTRACTOR AND (OTHER DESIGNATED PARTIES), IN A TIMELY MANNER, AS ESTABLISHED AT THE PRE- CONSTRUCTION MEETING. D. THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR SHALL SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT STATING WHETHER THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION WAS, TO THE BEST OF THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR’S KNOWLEDGE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH THE APPROVED PERMIT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS AND THE APPLICABLE WORKMANSHIP PROVISIONS OF THE OSSC. 4, DUTIES OF THE CONTRACTOR INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: ‘A. NOTIFY THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR THAT THE WORK IS READY FOR INSPECTION AT LEAST 24 HOURS BEFORE SUCH INSPECTION B. ALL WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION SHALL REMAIN ACCESSIBLE AND EXPOSED UNTIL IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED AND INDICATED TO BE IN CONFORMANCE BY THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR AND APPROVED BY THE BUILDING OFFICIAL, C. PROVIDE THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR WITH ACCESS TO APPROVED PERMIT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS AT THE JOBSITE. D. MAINTAIN AT THE JOBSITE COPIES OF ALL REPORTS SUBMITTED BY THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR. 5. DEFINITIONS ‘A. CONTINUOUS INSPECTION MEANS THAT THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR IS ON SITE AT ALL TIMES OBSERVING THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION. B. PERIODIC INSPECTION MEANS THAT THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR IS ON SITE AT TIME INTERVALS NECESSARY TO CONFIRM THAT THE WORK REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION IS IN CONFORMANCE WITH APPROVED PERMIT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS. ‘THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SPECIAL INSPECTION PAGE 18 OF 18 I" EDITION - AUGUS P1998