A precarious exsistence:-

1. 6 billion ppl in the world livin in precarious existence half in cities and half in
rural areas.

2. It is estimated that about half of the worlds population lives on less than 2
dollars per day

3. Of 3 billion in cities 1 billion in slums and in 50 yesrs no is expected to

increase by 300%

4. 3 billion in rural areas produce food for themselves or to sell it to others.

5. People in rural areas live in difficult existence but ppl with lands can atleast
provide food to their families.

6. A large no of migrants to cities in the third world is underway. around 20 to

30 million a year.

7. They move either because they are pushed of their lands or they are in
search of oppurtunities in urban areas after being confounded by difficult
situation in villages.

8. In new cities opportunities created by urbanization and industrialization and

the need of pl in agri reduced due to mechanization.(core countries 16th to
19th century and continued to 20th century)

9. In third world countries ppl from villages are migrating into towns which do
not have sufficient jobs for them and this trned is even continuing even
today.

Why are so many hungry?

1. Ideally hunger should be confine to times of draught flood famine etc…

2. Malnutrition has disastrous effects in terms of poor physical and mental

development of children, difficulty in learning and susceptibility to diseases

3. Hunger a major problem in citis as ppl don’t have land as they are forced out
of the land by capitalist issues and the economy cant provide enuf jobs.smal
trading or crime.

4. There is enuf food in all countries and chronic malnutrition and food
insecurity are due to lack of money and not insufficient production.Eg US and
INDIA
 5. India wheat rotting when ppl were malnutriotioned.

6. In US requests for Requests of food s growing even in the developed cities

from the charities and govt organizations.

7. Main reason under capitalism food is jus another commodity >ppl have no
more legal right to food than they have to any other commodity.

Let them Eat free trade:

1. Trade deregulation(neoliberal policies) is causing food to be imported as the

IMF and World bank think that this will help solve problem of the third world
countries by the policy:

Make full use of the commodities that the country is good in producing and
export them which can earn foreign revenue and as a result buy the needed
commodities.

2. This leads to debt and currency crises in the third world due to excessive
borrowing.

3. Also the repatriation of profits to the capitalist industries of the other

countries increases the financial issues.

4. This stimulates them to produce and export more of the goods that are in
demand neglecting the needs of the local population also this results in less
subsidies and grants by the govt for local needs.

5. Besides reducing subsidies privatization which is an agenda of neoliberal

policies has also compounded problems.

6. Imp to note that when there is a proposal for free trade history shows that all
the so called developed nations have progressed today as a result of
regulatin their trade policies and even today they protect their own trade
interests.

Devastating affects:

1. Ex:Malawi,Africa.(reduction in fertilizer availability)

2. Problem with phillipines production couldn’t match low cost production of

the developed nations like US (subsidized agriculture) and this resulted in
farmers in farmers distresses.

3. Vietnam is now 12% producer of coffee in the world due to increased

production for export resulting in a glut and prices decling which have
resulted in increased profits for businesses as the products of such goods
rarely falls so little.
The WTO and Cancum; a challenge to the centre:

1. Is free trade really so free??? is a question put forth by periphery country

leaders.

2. Us against it own formed rules prviding a high degree of subsidy to farmers

and also to the purchasers of locally produced commodities like
cotton.resultin in artificial reduction in prices in the world and causing losses
to peripheral countries.

3. Deadlock in cancum meeting of WTO where india and brazil refused to accept
a few laws

False hopes about subsidies:-

1. Only reducing subsidies to US farmers wotn help as ther are may other
factors that have to be taken into consideration.

2. Imporving mechanization in order tht the tird world farmers are competitive
results in higher unemployment and higher hunger problems.

3. Only about a 20 capitalist farmers might be able to produce all the agri needs
of the world but the billions that might be displaced wont be able to find jobs
and aas a result will beleft stranded with no means of existence.

Critical obstacles:

1. Competition among the countries in the periphery is one more

obstacle.excess coffee in Vietnam and brazil excess rice in India.

2. Privatizing state owned agri is also a problem not a solution.

3. Decrease in subsidies for fertilizers in africa (they aer sometimes out of reach
of the farmers)

4. Greatest threat to farmers in periphery is corporate control over the worlds

food supply in the name of free trade and free markets.

5. Agribusiness translationals present in many countries and only 10% of the

value sold oes to farmers

Is there a way out: