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CHAPTER 4 HEAT CLASS 7 PART 1

Q1) DEFINE TEMPERATURE.
ANS ) Temperature is defined as the degree of hotness
or coldness of an object.
Q2) How is temperature measured?
Ans) Temperature is measured by a device called
THERMOMETER.
Q3) What is a clinical Thermometer?
ANS) The thermometer used to measure temperature
of human body is called a clinical thermometer.
Q4) Write the construction of CLINICAL
THERMOMETER?
ANS) 1) It consists of a long, narrow and uniform glass
tube.
2) The glass tube contains a bulb at one end which is
filled with mercury.
3) Outside the bulb ,a small shining thread of mercury
can be seen.
4) The Mercury level in the thermometer rises up in
the thread –like portion of the thermometer which
,therefore indicates the temperature of the body.
5) The level of the mercury can be measured by
°reading the scale given on the thermometer.
6) The scale of the thermometer records the
temperature in degree Celsius , from 35 ° ∁ 𝑡𝑜 42°∁.
7) The clinical thermometer has a kink present near
the bulb .It prevents the Mercury level from falling
down on its own
Q 5) Write the precautions to be observed while
reading a Clinical Thermometer?
ANS) A clinical thermometer should not be used for any
object other than the human body. There are some
precautions to be observed while reading a clinical
thermometer.
1. Wash the clinical thermometer before and after
using preferably with an antiseptic solution.
2. Ensure that before use the mercury level should
be below 35°C.
3. The clinical thermometer should be read by
keeping the level of mercury along the line of
sight.
4. While reading the clinical thermometer, it should
never be held by the bulb.
 5. The clinical thermometer should be carefully
handled.
LABELLED DIAGRAM OF CLINICAL THERMOMETER

Q 6) Why the range of clinical thermometer is from

35°𝐶 to 42°∁ ?
ANS) The temperature of human body normally does
not go below 35°∁ or above 42°∁. That is the reason
that this thermometer has the range 35°∁ to 42℃.
Q 7) What are the two scales marked on the clinical
thermometer?
ANS) The two scales marked on the clinical
thermometer are –1) Celsius scale -Its range is from
35°∁ to 42 °∁.
2) Fahrenheit scale- the range is from 94℉ to 108℉.
Q 8) What is the normal temperature of human body
on CESIUS and FAHRENHEIT SCALE?
ANS) The normal temperature of human body on
CELSIUS SCALE is 37°∁ and on FAHRENHEIT SCALE it is
98.6℉.
Q 9) What Is Laboratory Thermometer?
ANS) A laboratory thermometer is used in laboratories
to measure the temperature of objects .
Q10) What is the range of a laboratory thermometer?
ANS) The range of laboratory thermometer is from
-10°∁ to 110°∁.
Q 11) Why does The Mercury level not Fall Or Rise In A
Clinical thermometer when taken out of the Mouth?
ANS) The mercury does not fall or rise in a clinical
thermometer when taken out of the mouth because of
the presence of kink. It prevents mercury level from
falling on its own.
Q 12) What are the precautions needed while reading
a laboratory thermometer?
ANS)
Following precautions are needed while reading a
laboratory thermometer:

(i) The thermometer should be kept upright not tilted.

(ii) Bulb should be surrounded from all sides by the

substance of which the temperature is to be measured.
(iii) The bulb should not touch the surface of the
container.
Q13) State the similarities between the laboratory
thermometer and the clinical thermometer?
ANS)
Similarities:
(i) Both consist of a long, narrow, uniform glass tube.
(ii) Both have a bulb at one end.
(iii) Both contains mercury in the bulb.
(iv) Both contain Celsius scale on the glass tube.
Q14) Write the differences between Laboratory and
Clinical thermometer?
ANS)

Clinical thermometer Laboratory thermometer

Temperature range is from Temperature range is from –
35°C to 42°C. 10°C to 110°C.
It is used to measure
It is used to measure
temperature in experiments
temperature of human body.
performed in laboratory.
It has a kink which prevents
the immediate back flow of It does not have a kink.
mercury.
Q 14) Now a days we prefer using digital thermometer
,why?
ANS) There is a lot of concern over the use of mercury
in thermometers. Mercury is a toxic substance and is
very difficult to dispose of if a thermometer breaks.
These days, digital thermometers are available which
do not use mercury.

Q 15) What is the use of Maximum and Minimum

Thermometer?
ANS) The daily maximum and minimum temperatures
reported in weather reports, are all measured by a
thermometer known as the Maximum minimum
thermometer.
Q 16) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a laboratory
thermometer.
FORMULAE TO CONVERT
1) CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT
9
F =(C x 5 ) + 32 OR
F = 1.8 C + 32
2) FAHRENHEIT TO CELSIUS
( 𝑭−𝟑𝟐)𝑿 𝟓
C= 𝟗

Q 17) Convert 98.6°F TO Celsius?

ANS)
( 𝑭−𝟑𝟐)𝑿 𝟓
C=
𝟗
𝟓
C =( 98.6 – 32) X
𝟗
𝟓
C =( 66.6 ) X 𝟗
333
C= = 37
9

ANS 37 °𝐶
Q 18 ) Convert 100°C TO FAHRENHEIT?
ANS) F = 1.8 C + 32
F =( 1.8 × 1OO )+ 32
F = 180 + 32
F = 212
ANS 212° F
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 1). Convert the temperature
given in the Celsius scale to the Fahrenheit scale:
(i) 25° C
(ii) 45° C
(iii) 0° C
(iv) 20° C
(v) 90° C
ANSWERS. (i) 77° F
(ii) 113° F
(iii) 32° F
(iv) 68° F
(v) 194° F
2. Convert the temperature given in the Fahrenheit
scale to the Celsius scale:
(i) 102° F
(ii) 37° F
(iii) 200° F
(iv) 175° F
(v) 185° F
ANSWERS
2. (i) 38.89° C
(ii) 2.78° C
(iii) 93.33° C
(iv) 79.44° C
(v) 85° C
Q 3. One day the minimum temperature in Bombay
was recorded as 80.6° F. What was the temperature in
degree Celsius of Bombay on that day? (ANS 27°C )
Q 4) In the month of June, on one day the maximum
temperature in Delhi was recorded as 42.4° C. Convert
it into degree Fahrenheit.?( ANS 108. 32° F)