COURSE; MICROLOGY AND PREVENTION CONTROL.

NAME; MADI IDDRISU AYONGO.

ASSIGMENT.

Characteristic of gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria and give
examples of each and their antibiotics.

Answer.

Gram positive Bacteria; are bacteria whose classification has been based on their
ability to retain the crystal violet dye after brief wash with alcohol in the
differential gram staining.

Their characteristic are:

i. They have a thin layer of the cytoplasmic lipid layer.

ii. They lack an outer membrane
iii. They have a thick peptidoglycan layer
iv. They have a thin layer of periplasm
v. Some have a locomotive apparatus, a flagellum that has two basal bodies for
support
vi. The peptidoglycan layer has a large quantity of teichoic acid and a thin lipid
layer.
Examples of gram positive bacteria and their antibiotics are

Bacteria (gram positive) Antibiotics

 Streptococcus Pneumonia Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Penicillin G
 Staphylococcus SPP Erythromycin, Azithromycin
 Streptococcus Pyogenes Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
 Listeria monocytogens Sulfonamides, Sulfamethoxazole

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  Bacillus Anthracis Rifampicin

Gram Negative Bacteria: are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet
stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differential.
Characteristics of gram negative bacteria are:
i. They have a thin peptidoglycan layer.
ii. They have an inner cell membrane
iii. They have outer cell membrane containing lipopolysaccharides in its
outer leaflet and phospholipids in the inner leaflet.
iv. It contain flagella, it flagella have for supporting rings.
v. they have thick layer periplasm
vi. Porins exist in the outer membrane which act like pores for particular
molecules.
EXAMPLES OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIAL AND
THEIR ANTIBIOTICS

Gram negative bacteria Antibiotics

Helicobacter pylon
Pneumocystis carinii
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Neisseria meningitides
Neisseria gonorrhea
Metronidazole, ciprofluxacilline
Atouaquone, pentamidine
Daptomycine
Penicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone
Cefuroxime, ciprofluxacillin,
doxycycline