Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VI -Western Visayas
Division of Negros Occidental
LA CASTELLANA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH
Sitio Villacana, Brgy. Robles, La Castellana, Negros Occidental

GRADE 11
GENERAL MATHEMATICS

EVALUATION OF FUNCTION
OPERATIONS & COMPOSITION
OF FUNCTIONS
PROBLEMS INVOLVING
FUNCTIONS

QUARTER 1 | WEEK 1
(MODULE 2)
 Topic: Evaluating Functions
Task Analysis:
A. Code: M11GM-Ia-2
B. Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students would be
able to evaluate a function.

GUIDE cARD

In our previous module, you have learned the representations of

functions in real-life situations as well as piece-wise functions.
In this module, you will learn on how to evaluate a function.

Evaluating a function means replacing/substituting the value of

x, and computing the result. To denote that we are evaluating f at x for
some x in the domain of f, we write f(x).

Example 1. Evaluate the following functions at x = 2.

(a) f(x) =
Solution: Substitute x = 2 to the given
f(2) = then compute
f(2) = 4
∴ f(x) = x + 2 at x= 2 is 4.
(b) f(x) = 3x + 2
Solution: Substitute x = 2 to the given
f(2) = 3(2) + 2, then compute
f(2) = 6 + 2
f(2) = 8
∴ f(x) = 3x + 2 at x = 2 is 8.
(c) g(x) = x3 + x2 + 2x – 5
Solution: Substitute x = 2 to the given
g(2) = 23 + 22 + 2(2) – 5, then compute
g(2) = 8 + 4 + 4 -5
g(2) = 11
∴ g(x) = x + x2 + 2x – 5 at x = 2 is 11.
3

(d) h(x) = 3x  1
Solution: Substitute x = 2 to the given
h(2) =√ ( ) , then compute
h(2) =√
h(2) = √ ∴ h(x) = √ at x = 2 is √ .
 3x  2
(e) m(x) =
x 5
Solution: Substitute x = 2 to the given
( )
m(2) = , then compute

m(2) =

m(2) = or -
3x  2
∴ m(x) = at x= 2 is - .
x 5
Example 2. Given f(x) = x  5 , find the following values:
(a) f(9)
Solution: we will be using x = 9 in the given equation
f(9) = √ , then compute
f(9) = √
f(9) =
(b) f(x+2)
Solution: we will be using x as x + 2 in the given equation
f(x+2) = √( ) , then compute
f(x+2) = √
f(x+2) = √
(c) f(y)
Solution: we will be using x = y in the given equation
f(y) = √ , then compute
f(y) = √
f(y) = √
(d) f (x2)
Solution: we will be using x = x2 in the given equation
f(x2) = √ , then compute
f( ) = √
f( ) = √ Based on the given examples and
solutions, how do we evaluate
functions?
To evaluate functions, just
substitute the given value of x
to the given function and
solve it algebraically.

Very good! It’s very easy since substitution

method is its first thing to do and then solve for
its value.
Take a look at example 2 from letters b to d,
what have you notice with their answers
compared to the rest of the examples given?
 The answers in example 2 from letters b to
d still have variables but the rest of the
examples have answers which are numbers.

Why is it so? What do you

think is the reason why
their answers are still
functions?

I think, the answers are based on the given input. If the given input or
value of x is a number, the result is also a number but if the given input Excellent! I think
has a variable, it is expected that the result will contain variables too. you are now ready
to answer the
following activity.

activity

Activity 1: Sum of Inverted Pyramid Puzzle

Directions. Find the sum of the inverted pyramid by evaluating the function in each block.

f(x) = 2x -1 f(x) = x2 -1 f(x) = 9 - 2x f(x) = (x -3)2

at x=1 at x= -3 at x=2 at x=5

f(x) = x3 - 5 f(x) = 2x+ 3 f(x) =

at x= -2 at x= -5
at x= 4

f(x) = 7 - 2x
f(x) =
at x=5
at x= -2

f(x)=

at x= -2
ASSESSMENT

1. Given f(x) = 4x + 1, find the following values:

(a) f(0)
(b) f(2)
(c) f(-3)

2. Given f(x) = √ , find the following values:

(a) f(3)
(b) f(-2)
(c) f(x+2)
.

ENRICHMENT

1. Liwayway is saving for her new Vivo Y15 cell phone. She currently has Php 3,500.00 and is
saving Php 250.00 each week. How much will be her total money after eighteen weeks?

2. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the population of Bacolod City at the end
of 2020 was 616,825. The population increases at an annual rate of 1.9 %. Use the formula P(t)
= P0ert, where P0 is the initial population, r is the rate of increase, t is the time in years, e (Euler
number) =2.71828… and P is the total population after t times. Estimate the population in 2025
and in 2050.

REFERENCEs

Online References;
 https://www.teacherspayteachers.com, https://www.pinterest.com

Book References;
 General Mathematics, Oronce (2016). 1st edition. REX Book Store, Inc.
 General Mathematics Teaching Guide, pp.11-14,
 Topic: Operations and Composition of Functions
Task Analysis:
A. Code: M11GM-Ia-3
B. Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students would be
able to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and
composition of functions.

GUIDE cARD

In our previous module, you have learned on how to evaluate

functions.
In this module, you will learn the different operations on functions and
composition of functions.

RECALL:
Perform the indicated operations.
1. (4x + 3) + (3x – 2)
2. (2x2 – 3x -2) – (4x2 + 5x + 3)
3. (2x – 3) (x + 4)
4. ( √ 𝑥 (√ 𝑥)

Show me your answers!!!

These are my answers Ma’am!
1. 7x + 1
2. -2x2 – 8x -5
3. 2x2+5x-12
4. 3 – x2

Very good! We need to freshen up our minds on

the computation of algebraic expressions since
the entire lesson for this module needs to have
the computation on the operations of algebraic
expressions. Here’s another one…

Match the given operations in Column A with its corresponding algebraic operations in
Column B. Write the letter only.
Column A Column B
_____ 1. ( 3x + 4) + (7x – 8) a. Product of two trinomials
_____ 2. (7x + 2) – ( 5x + 4) b. Division of Monomials
_____ 3. (x + 3) (2x – 1) c. Cube of a Binomial
_____ 4. ( x + y )2 d. Addition of Polynomials
_____ 5. ( x + y )3 e. Square of a Binomial
f. Subtraction of Polynomials
_____ 6. ( x + y + z )2 g. Product of Monomials
𝑥5
_____ 7. h. Square of a trinomial
𝑥2
i. Product of two Binomials
 Show me your answers!!!

Here are my answers Ma’am!

1. d.
2. f
3. i
4. e
5. c
6. h
7. b
Excellent! I think you are now
ready for our lesson today.

I. OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS

Adding, subtracting, and multiplying two or more functions will result to another function,
while dividing two functions will also result to another function if the denominator or divisor is not a
zero function.

Definition.

Let f and g are functions.

(a) Their sum, denoted by f +g, is the function defined by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x).
(b) Their difference, denoted by f - g, is the function defined by (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x).
(c) Their product, denoted by f ˖ g, is the function defined by (f ˖ g)(x) = f(x) ˖ g(x).

(d) Their quotient, denoted by , is the function defined by (x) = , g(x) ≠ 0.

Examples. Given the functions in the box below, perform the designated operations for the following.

f(x) = x + 4 n(x) = s(x) =

g(x) = x - 2 p(x) = x + 2 v(x) =

h(x) = x2 - x - 2 m(x) = x2 + 7x + 10

1. (m + g)(x)
Solutions: The given requires addition, so function m(x) = x2 + 7x + 10 will be added by
function g(x) = x – 2. This will become,
(m + g)(x)= m(x) + g(x)
(m + g)(x)= (x2 + 7x + 10) + (x – 2), since it is addition, we will just get rid
of the parenthesis
(m + g)(x)= x2 + 7x + 10 + x – 2, then compute algebraically
(m + g)(x)= x2 + 7x + x + 10 – 2
(m + g)(x)= x2 + 8x + 8
 2. (f + s)(x)
Solutions: The given requires addition, so function f(x) = x + 4 will be added by
function s(x) = √ . This will become,
(f + s)(x)= f(x) + s(x)

(f + s)(x)= (x + 4) + (√ ) , since it is addition, we will just get rid

of the parenthesis
(f + s)(x)= x + 4 + √ ., then compute algebraically
(f + s)(x)= x + √ + 4, we can’t combine it anymore, therefore
we will just arranged according to its degree
(f + s)(x)= x + √ +4

Let us proceed with subtraction of functions…

3. (h – m)(x)
Solution: The given requires subtraction, so function h(x) = x2- x - 2 will be subtracted by
function m(x) = x2 + 7x + 10. This will become,
(h - m)(x)= h(x) - m(x)
(h - m)(x)= (x2- x – 2) – (x2 + 7x + 10), since it is subtraction we will work
on with parenthesis on function m(x)
(h - m)(x)= x2- x – 2 - x2 - 7x – 10, we will just change the sign of all terms
in the functions m(x) , then compute
(h - m)(x)= x - x – x - 7x – 2– 10, combining like terms
2 2

(h - m)(x)= – 8x – 12
4. (m – h)(x)
Solution: The given requires subtraction, so function m(x) = x2 + 7x + 10 will be subtracted by
function h(x) = x2- x – 2. This will become,
(m - h)(x)= m(x) - h(x)
(m - h)(x)= (x2 + 7x + 10) - (x2- x – 2) since it is subtraction we will work
on with parenthesis on function m(x)
(m - h)(x)= x2 + 7x + 10 - x2 + x + 2, we will just change the sign of all
terms in the functions h(x) , then
compute
(m - h)(x)= x2 - x2 + 7x + x + 10 + 2, combining like terms
(m - h)(x) = 8x +12

Let us proceed with multiplication of functions…

5. (f · g)(x)
Solution: The given requires multiplication, so function f(x) = x + 4 will be multiplied by
function g(x) = x – 2. This will become,
(f · g)(x)= f(x) · g(x)
(f · g)(x)= ( x + 4)(x – 2), since it is multiplication of two binomials we can
also use a FOIL Method in solving.
(f · g)(x)= ( x)(x) +(x)(-2)+( 4)(x)+(4)(-2), then, compute
(f · g)(x)= x2- 2x + 4x -8, combining like terms, we have
(f · g)(x)= x2 + 2x - 8
6. (h· n)(x)
Solution: The given requires multiplication, so function h(x) = x2- x – 2 be multiplied by
function n(x) = . This will become,
(h· n)(x)= h(x) · n(x)
(h · n)(x)= (x2- x – 2 )( ), factor h(x) first so that we can check if there is
some terms that can be cancelled
(h · n)(x)= (x+1)(x – 2)( ), then, cancel the binomial (x-2), it will become
(h · n)(x)= (x+1)(x+3), then compute
(h · n)(x)= (x)(x)+(x)(3)+(1)(x)+(1)(3), it will become
(h · n)(x)= x2 + 3x + x + 3, combining like terms, we have
(h · n)(x)= x2 + 4x + 3
Let us proceed with division of functions…
7. ( ) ( )
Solution: The given requires division, so function m(x) = x2+ 7x + 10 be divided by
function p(x) = x + 2 This will become,
( )
( )( )
( )

( )( ) factor m(x) first so that we can check if there is

some terms that can be cancelled
( )( )
( )( ) , then, cancel the binomial (x+2), it will become

( )( )
8. ( ) ( )
Solution: The given requires division, so function n(x) = be divided by
function p(x) = x + 2 This will become,
( )
( )( )
( )

( )( ) , in this case the numerator is a fraction that is, ,

therefore will follow the rule in dividing fractions, by
copying the numerator and multiply it to the reciprocal of
the denominator(x+ 2) the reciprocal is .
( )( ) ( )( ), then compute
( )( )
( )( ) , it will become
( )( )
( )( )

II. COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS

Suppose that f and h are two functions, and x is a number in the domain of h. By finding h at x, h(x) is
obtained. Now, suppose that h(x) is in the domain of f, then the value f at h(x) can be found, and thus
obtaining the expression f(h(x)). This correspondence from x to f(h(x)) is called the composite function
denoted by f ∘ h.
The function machine below illustrates this idea.

Remember:
Given two functions f and h, the composite function denoted by f ∘ h (read as f
composed with h) is defined by
(𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥 ) 𝑓 ℎ(𝑥 ) .
Examples:
A. If f(x) = 2x + 1 and h(x) = 3x, evaluate the following:
1. ( f ∘ h) (1) 2. (h ∘ f) (1)
Solutions.
1. ( f ∘ h) (1) = f(h(1)) The inner function is h, therefore we will perform h(1) first;
By substitution: Then, use h(1) = 3, for function f
h(x) = 3x f(x) = 2x + 1
h(1) = 3(1) f(h(1)) or f(3) = 2x + 1
h(1) = 3 f(3) = 2(3) + 1
f(3) = 7
Therefore, ( f ∘ h) (1) = f(h(1)) = f(3) = 7

2. (h ∘ f)(1) = h(f(1)), The inner function is f, therefore we will perform f(1) first;

By substitution: Then use f(1) = 3, for function h

f(x)=2x + 1 h(x) = 3x
f(1) = 2(1) + 1 h(f(1)) or h(3) = 3(3)
f(1) = 2 + 1 h(3) = 9
f( 1) = 3
Therefore, (h ∘ f)(1) = h(f(1)) = h(3) = 9.

B. If f(x) = x2 + 2 and g(x) = , find the values of the following;

1. (f ∘ g )(2) 2. (g∘ f )(2) 3. (g ∘ g )(2)

Solutions:
1. (f ∘ g )(2)= f(g(2)), The inner function is g, we will perform g(2) first;

By substitution: Then use g(2) = 1, for function f

g(x) = f(x) = x2 + 2
g(2) = f(g(2)) or f(1) = x2 + 2
g(2) =1 f(1) = 12 + 2
f(1) = 3
Therefore, (f ∘ g )(2)= f(g(2)) = f(1) = 3
2. (g∘ f )(2) = g(f(2)), The inner function is g,we will perform f(2) first;

By substitution: Then use f(2) = 6, for function g

2
f(x) = x + 2 g(x) =
f(2) = 22 + 2 g(f(2)) or g(6) =
f(2) = 4 + 2 g(6) =
f(2) = 6 g(6) =

Therefore, (g∘ f )(2) = g(f(2)), = g(6) =

3. (g∘ g)(2) = g(g(2)), The inner and outer functions are g,then we will perform g(2);
By substitution: Then use g(2) = 1 for function g again
g(x) = g(x) =
g(2) = g(g(2)) or g(1) =
g(2) = 1 g(1) = or g(1) = 2

Therefore, (g∘ g )(2) = g(g(2)), = g(1) = 2

 Based on the discussions of operations
and compositions of functions, how
will you perform operations of
functions?

To perform operations on functions, just add,

subtract, multiply and divide the given
functions and follow mathematical rules in
adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing
algebraic expressions.

Very Good! How about the

composition of functions? How
do you perform composition of In performing composition of functions, just
functions? evaluate the inner function first, and substitute
its result to the outer function.

Excellent!!! It seems that you

really understand our lesson.
Now, let’s have this activity.

activity

Dial Your Function Operations

Directions: Among the given number pad, select the last two digits of your phone number to
determine your functions. Perform the four fundamental operations of these selected
pads.

1 2 3
G(x) = x - 2 E(x) = x - 1 N(x) = x + 3

4 5 6
M(x) = x2 + 4x A(x) = x2 -3x +2 T(x) = x2 + 5x +6

7 8 9
H(x) = x2 - 1 I(x) = L(x) =

* 0 #
Y(x) = 3x
 ASSESSMENT

3. Given f and g below, find and simplify the following functions: (f + g)(x); f - g; f ˖ g; f / g;
(d) f(x) = x + 5 ; g(x) = x2 - 25

2. If f(x) = x2 +4x +4 and g(x) = 2x, find and simplify the following:

(a) (f ° g )(1)
(b) (g ° f)(0)
(c) (g° g)(x)
(d) (f ° g )(-3)
.

ENRICHMENT

Given the following functions below, find and simplify the composite functions.

R(x) = x + 7 F(x) = 2x M(x) = x2 + 3

1. (R(F(M)))(x)
2. (M(F(R)))(x)
3. (F(R(M)))(2)

REFERENCEs

Book References;
 General Mathematics, Oronce (2016). 1st edition. REX Book Store, Inc.
 General Mathematics Teaching Guide, pp.14-22,
 Topic: Problems Involving Functions
Task Analysis:
A. Code: M11GM-Ia-4
B. Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students would be
able to solve problems involving functions.

GUIDE cARD

In our previous module, you have learned on how to perform addition,

subtraction, multiplication and division of function as well as composition of
functions.
In this module, you will learn to solve problems involving functions.

RECALL:
Give the formula of the following;
a. Perimeter of a square
b. Perimeter of a rectangle
c. Circumference of a circle
d. Area of a rectangle
e. Area of a circle

What are your

These are my answers Ma’am! answers???
a. P = 4s
b. P = 2l + 2w
c. C = 𝜋d or C = 𝜋𝑟
d. A = lw
e. A = 𝜋r2

Nice!!! You really had a sharp memory!

Have you encountered a problem in your life?
How did you surpass those problems?

Yes Ma’am! My mother always told me

that “In every problem, there is always a
solution!” Therefore, I just attack those
problem one at a time or in step by step.

Wow!!! Great job to your Mom! Very good!!!

You will just attack the problem step by step and
surely you can solve it.
Now, let us proceed with our lesson for
today which is all about problems involving
functions.
PROBLEMS INVOLVING FUNCTIONS
Problems expressed as a verbal description are translated into language of mathematics. To do this,
the symbols of mathematics are used to represent the independent and dependent variables and then the function
or rule that relates these variables are stated.

Usually, working with mathematical problems involves solutions or answers in terms of numbers.
This time, the answers are functions, or more precisely equations defining functions.

Steps in solving problems that involves functions;

1. Read the problem carefully and draw the picture that conveys the given information.
2. State in your own words, or in most specific terms, what the problem is asking for. Assign a variable to
denote that quantity or formula required by the problem.
3. Label other quantities in your figure that appear relevant.
4. Find an equation involving the key variable identified in Step 2. Substitute in this equation, using the
auxiliary equations in Step 3, to obtain an equation involving only the required variables.

Examples:
1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 100 cm. Express the area of the rectangle in terms of the width x.
Solution:
P = 100 cm
Step 1

Step 2 Express the area of the rectangle in terms of x, the width. Let A be the
area of the rectangle.

Step 3 Let y be the length of the rectangle and x be the width of the rectangle.
x

Since the perimeter is given as 100 cm, we have

P = 2l + 2w
100 = 2y + 2x or 2x + 2y = 100, divide all terms by 2, it will become
x + y = 50, expressed in terms of y in the left side of the equation
y = 50 – x
Step 4 Area of a rectangle equals width times length. A = lw, then we have
A = xy
A = x (50 – x) , substituting the value of y in Step 3
A = 50x – x2

∴ Writing it as a function, A(x) = 50x –x2

2. A piece of wire x cm long is bent into the shape of a circle. Express the area (A) of the circle in
terms of x, the circumference.

Solution;
Step 1. x cm Piece of wire

r
Bent into a shape of a circle
 Step 2. Express the area of the circle in terms of x, the circumference. Let A be the
area of the circle.
x = circumference
A = area , we need A(x) = ???

Step 3. The formula for the circumference of a circle in terms of its radius is C = 2 .
Since the circumference is given to be x, the equation becomes.
C = 2 will become x = 2 ,
Solving for r, ------ divide both sides by

Step 4. The formula for the area of the circle in terms of its radius is . This
expresses A in terms of x.

( ) --- substituting r in Step 3

---- simplifying (cancel both in numerator and

denominator)
2

2
∴ Writing as a function form ( )

3. Express the length of the radius of a circle as a function of the area of the circle.

. Solution:
A formula relating these two quantities is . The problem is asking for the radius r
instead of the area A. We will ignore the step by step process; rather we will just work on with the
formula of its area, since radius is related to the area of the circle. Thus,
2
---- divide both sides by

---- simplifying

√ √ ---- extracting square root

√ or √

∴Writing this in function form ( ) √

Those are the different examples on how to solve

problems involving functions. What have you observed
with the solution in each problem?

I had observed that in every problem there is a

unique solution. All we have to do is to analyse
and understand the problem, so that we can
determine the steps on how to do it.

Very Good! I am so glad that you are indeed a keen

observer. Now, let’s have this activity.
 activity

Solve the following problems on functions.

1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 28 cm. Express the area of the rectangle in terms of the width x.
2. A wire of length x is bent into a shape of a square. Express the area of the square as a
function of x.
3. Express the length of the radius of a circle as a function of the circumference.

ASSESSMENT

Solve the following problems that involve functions.

1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 50 cm. Express the area of a rectangle in terms of the width x.
2. A piece of wire y cm long is bent to form a shape of a circle. Express the area of the circle as a
function of the circumference y.
3. Express the length of the diameter of a circle as a function of the circumference.
.

ENRICHMENT

An open box is to be made from a rectangular piece of tin 12 inches long and 10 inches wide by cutting
pieces of x – inch square from each corner and bending up the sides. Find a formula that expresses the volume V
of the box as a function of x.

REFERENCEs

Book References;
 General Mathematics, Oronce (2016). 1st edition. REX Book Store, Inc.
 General Mathematics Teaching Guide, pp.14-22,