CONIC SECTIONS

- a figure formed by the intersection of a plane and a right circular cone.

 Circle
- the conic section formed by the plane being parallel to the base of the cone.
 Parabola
- is formed when the plane is parallel to the surface of the cone, resulting in a U-shaped curve
that lies on the plane.
 Ellipse
- is formed when a plane is not parallel to the surface and the base of the cone
 Hyperbola
- the conic section formed by the plane being perpendicular to the base of the cone.

NON-DEGENERATE CONIC SECTIONS

- is when a plane does not pass through the vertex of the cone.

DEGENERATE CONIC SECTIONS

- is generated when a plane intersects at the vertex of the cone.

APOLLONIUS OF PERGA

- Greek geometer and astronomer.

Known for: Conic Sections

The graph of the second-degree equation of the form: A x 2+ Bxy +C x 2+ Dx+ Ey+ F=0

is determine by the value of B2−4 AC .

Conic Value of B2−4 AC Eccentricity

Section
Circle B2−4 AC <0 , e=0
B=0∨ A=C
Parabola B2−4 AC =0 e=1
Ellipse 2
B −4 AC <0 , 0< e<1
B≠ 0∨ A ≠C
Hyperbola 2
B −4 AC >0 e >1

CIRCLE

- is the set of all points equidistant from the fixed point.

A tangent intersects the circle at exactly one point.

A secant can contain a chord.
Standard Equation of a Circle:  
General Equation of a Circle: x 2+ y 2+ Dx + Ey+ F=0

PARABOLA

- is the set of points that are equidistant from the fixed point and fixed line.

Focus
- is the fixed point.

Vertex
- is the midpoint between the focus and directrix.  
Directrix
- is the fixed line.

Axis of Symmetry
- it is a line that is perpendicular to the directrix and the focal chord.

Latus Rectum
- focal chord
- it is a line that passes through the focus.
- it is parallel to directrix.

STEPS IN GRAPHING A PARABOLA

1. Plot your vertex.

2. Plot the focus on the other side of your vertex.
3. Draw your directrix.
4. Draw your latus rectum.
5. Plot the endpoint of your latus rectum.
6. Draw your parabola passing through the endpoints of latus rectum and vertex.

Standard Equation of a Parabola

2
( x−h) =4 a ( y−k )
- for parabolas whose opening is upward or downward.
 2
( y−k ) =4 a( x−h)
- for parabolas whose opening is to the left or to the right.

- for parabolas with horizontal axis of symmetry. a=x – h

- for parabolas with vertical axis of symmetry. a= y−k

General Equation of a Parabola

 
- for parabolas whose opening is upward or downward.

 
- for parabolas whose opening is to the left or to the right.