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LEARNERS PACKET IN

PRECALCULUS

Prepared by:

Ma. Cecilia A. Andrada

Trece Martires City Senior High School


QUARTER 1: WEEK 1
Conic Sections
A conic section (or simply conic) is a curve obtained as the intersection of
the surface of a cone with a plane. The three types of conic sections are the
hyperbola, the parabola, and the ellipse. The circle is type of ellipse, and is
sometimes considered to be a fourth type of conic section.
Conic sections can be generated by intersecting a plane with a cone. A
cone has two identically shaped parts called nappes. One nappe is what most
people mean by “cone,” and has the shape of a party hat.
Conic sections are generated by the intersection of a plane with a cone. If
the plane is parallel to the axis of revolution (the y-axis), then the conic section
is a hyperbola. If the plane is parallel to the generating line, the conic section is
a parabola. If the plane is perpendicular to the axis of revolution, the conic
section is a circle. If the plane intersects one nappe at an angle to the axis
(other than 90∘), then the conic section is an ellipse.
By taking different slices through a cone you can create a circle, an ellipse,
a parabola or a hyperbola.

Reference:https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
algebra/chapter/introduction-to-conic-sections/
CIRCLE

A circle is the locus of all points equidistant from a central point(center).

A circle is formed when the plane is parallel to the base of the cone. Its
intersection with the cone is therefore a set of points equidistant from a common
point (the central axis of the cone), which meets the definition of a circle. All
circles have certain features:

• A center point
• A radius, which the distance from any point on the circle to the
center point

All circles have an eccentricity e=0. Thus, like the parabola, all circles are
similar and can be transformed into one another. On a coordinate plane, the
general form of the equation of the circle is

(x−h)2+(y−k)2=r2

where (h,k) are the coordinates of the center of the circle, and r is the radius.
Illustrative Examples:

1. Write the standard form of the equation of the circle with center
(5, 7) and r = 4.

2. Find the center and radius of the circle, .and sketch


the graph.

The center is (3, -9) and the radius is 3.


3. Find the center and radius of the circle, , and
graph it.

The center is (-2, 1) and the radius is 4.


4. Find t he center and radius of the circle having the following equation:
4x2 + 4y2 – 16x – 24y + 51 = 0.

5. Find the center and radius of the circle with the following equation:
100x2 + 100y2 – 100x + 240y – 56 = 0.
Real Life Application
ACTIVITY 1
Find the standard equation of the following circles.

1. Center at the origin, radius at 2√2.


2. Center at (15, -20), radius 9.
3. Center at (5,6) through (9,4)
3
4. A circle whose center is at (4, -3) and radius is units.
4
5. A circle whose endpoints of the diameter are at (-4,0) and (4,0).
6. A circle in general form x2 + y2 -10x + 10y + 25 = 0

ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Identify the center and radius of each. Then sketch the graph.
1. (x − 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 4

2. (x − 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 16

3. (x − 1)2 + (y + 4)2 = 9
4. y2 + 4x − 20 − 2y = −x2

5. 16 + x2 + y2 − 8x − 6y = 0

ACTIVITY 3
Solve this problem. Show your complete solution.
A single-lane street 10 ft wide goes through a semicircular tunnel with radius
9 ft. How high is the tunnel at the edge of each lane? Round off to 2 decimal
places.
QUARTER 2: WEEK 2
CONIC SECTIONS: PARABOLA

Parabola, open curve, a conic section produced by the intersection of a


right circular cone and a plane parallel to an element of the cone. As a plane
curve, it may be defined as the path (locus) of a point moving so that its distance
from a fixed line (the directrix) is equal to its distance from a fixed point (the
focus).
Parts Definition/Description
Vertex The point at which a parabola changes
direction, corresponding to the
minimum or maximum value of the
quadratic function.
Latus Rectum Chord passing through the focus, and
perpendicular to the directrix
Axis of Symmetry A vertical line drawn through the vertex
of a parabola around which the parabola
is symmetric.
Directrix A line perpecdicular to the axis of
symmetry
ACTIVITY 1
Find the standard equation of the parabola which satisfies the given conditions.
1. vertex (1,−9), focus (−3,−9)
2. vertex (−8, 3), directrix x = −10.5
3. vertex (−4, 2), focus (−4,−1)
4. focus (7, 11), directrix x = 1
5. focus (7, 11), directrix y = 4

ACTIVITY 2
1. Determine the vertex, focus, directrix, and axis of symmetry of the
parabola with equation x2−6x+5y = −34. Sketch the graph, and
include these points and lines.

2. A parabola has focus F(−2,−5) and directrix x = 6. Find the


standard equation of the parabola. Find the other key parts of
the parabola and sketch its graph.

3. A satellite dish in the shape of a paraboloid is 10 ft across, and 4


ft deep at its vertex. How far is the receiver from the vertex, if it is
placed at the focus? Round off your answer to 2 decimal places.

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