BARANGAY LOKEB NORTE TRYCICLE

BOOKING SYSTEM

A Research Study Presented to

The Faculty of the College of Computer Studies

Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

by

AIRA GLYNN M. CERVAS

MARK JUMEL L. DOMANTAY
RODRIGO G. VALDEZ
Month, 2021
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Project Context

We decided to research the History of Barangay Lokeb

Norte Tricycle because most people have difficulty riding
tricycles due to the pandemic we decided to create a
booking system to facilitate the ride using only mobile
phones that you can call a tricycle driver if you want
and what time you can do for your destination. I need
them to make a system like this because of the pandemic
now need a passenger and need such a system for the
safety of passengers.

According to Romeo D. Mamaril Toda President of

Lokeb Norte, the passing started in 1980, the first
people to pass were Romeo D. Mamaril, Armando M.
Castillo, Roben Bulatao, Jerry D. Mamaril and many
others. And the ones that used to pass were just over
ten. Now at fifteen over. And the vehicle they used to
use is called a rickshaw

Tricycles are the second most popular means of

transportation here in the Philippines. so in case I
need to upgrade the tradition of riding, that's the way
to make a booking system to make it easier in case of an
emergency, using a mobile phone will make it easier to
book so that the passenger can be called or reached
immediately, especially in the event of a pandemic. if
there is a booking system here in Lokeb Norte, it will be
easier to go to town or to the hospital if there is an
emergency.

Tricycles are less visible in major highways in the

Philippines. Being smaller in size, they are used in
short-distance travel, and are most commonly seen on the
side streets, subdivisions, smaller cities and towns. In
some instances, tricycles are hired to ferry people and
merchandise from the market. You can ride tricycles along
with other passengers, and pay an average rate, or you
can ride it privately, which they also call “special”,
where you pay a higher rate or the equivalent rate of the
number of passengers.

The background of the study establishes the

context of the research. This section explains why this
particular research topic is important and crucial to
understanding how booking with tricycle drivers is
important. Booking passengers because this will
facilitate transportation if you are going somewhere or
there is an emergency with your family because with one
touch you can be picked up by a toda driver at your
location placed in the system you can also find out if
there is a problem with your booking you can also contact
the toda president to report what is happening in booking
research this is important to every person map whether
young or old it will make transportation easier where you
want to go.
Purpose and Description

Due to the pandemic

Our operation of the tricycle booking system is the
development and safety of passengers and drivers due to the
pandemic now everyone will use it without any indiscriminate
map whether children or adults because this system will avoid
waiting. And the part of the owner here is the security of
the f light and the safety of the passengers and the benefit
of our system is great.

Objective of the Study

The project proposal titled “Barangay Lokeb Norte

Tricycle Booking System” is about how passengers will check
their driver using their android phones. This will give
reassurance to passengers how to use the tricycle booking
system. I think this will help the Barangay of Lokeb Norte
because everyone wants that but others are not willing
because there is no load.

Scope and Delimitation

Only focused on the performance of the toda driver in

Lokeb Norte reviewed by the passenger. To produce quick
results and avoid incorrect placement of places or
destinations. All users of the tricycle booking system can
access this system as long as they are not booked. This
restriction is, users who are not registered in the database
are not allowed to check. Only admin can see results.
Significance of the Study

The person who will benefit the Web based Barangay Lokeb
Norte Tricycle Booking System are the following:

Toda President - Toda presidents of the institution can now

focus on analyzing the performance of individual drivers to
identify their strengths, potentials, and weaknesses based on
an accurate and reliable record of performance that a Toda
driver and effectively uses data on merit payment and
promotion decisions. This system will help the person in-
charge reduce their time spent on processing, encoding, and
calculating the analysis.

Passenger - The system gives passengers the freedom to

express their appreciation to good Toda drivers and a way to
convey their feelings and satisfaction about their non -
performing drivers without time and flight restrictions.

Driver - the system will provide an instant test result to

the driver that will help them improve their driving
techniques. The system will provide a score for each
evaluation category and show the strong and weak point (s) of
the drivers
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature
and studies that have some relevance to the research proposal
about BRGY. Lokeb Norte Tricycle Booking system.

Related Studies & Literature

Local Literature

In the Philippines just like its neighboring Southeast

Asian Countries like Thailand and Indonesia, the case of
motorcycle (based vehicles used as public transport is also
common. In fact, the tricycle, a unique Philippine designed
transport innovation has been in existence as early as the
1950's. Tricycle is a motor vehicle composed of a motorcycle
fitted with a single (wheel side car or a motorcycle with a
two (wheel cab operated to render transport services to the
general public for a fee "(65). It is the Philippines version
of Thailand's a "tuktuk" and Indonesia Is "Bajaj". And unlike
its two counterparts, which were based on scooter engines,
the tricycles operate on utilitarian type of motorcycles
mostly made of Japanese brand. Moreover, the Philippine
transport system has institutionalized their role in the
transportation hierarchy by providing the structural
mechanism for the local government to regulate their
operations. Figure 4.1 shows the standard type of tricycle
(motorcycle with attached side cab) popularly found in
various parts of the Philippines. The following section
traces and reviews the beginnings of tricycles as well as the
related studies concerning their operations.
The tricycle is a Philippine transportation vehicle that is
so useful in many ways. It is adaptable, able to change or be
changed in order to fit or work better in some situation or
foursome purpose in rural and urban places. Motorized
tricycle transportation business can be profitable business
venture due to the large number of people relying on this
means of transportation.

The study of Huerta (2015) normally, a tricycle can

accommodate thereto five passengers and luggage can be placed
on the roof. Three people can fit inside the side canard
usually one or two passengers can ride behind the driver, if
safety measures are considered. But often one will see this
Philippine transportation vehicle carrying 10 to 20
passengers that is dangerous. But, the drivers allowed it and
do not take action. The reasons why tricycle are much better
is because of the fair, it is easy on the pocket, if you have
a car you will pay for parking fee and fuel. Second, tricycle
is everywhere no needs to use any application to find where
to ride. Third easy to maintain and operate, next, no special
skills necessary to operate. Also, if you have car and still
riding in a tricycle it can contribute to the prolonging life
of your car. Corot reveals that satisfaction is one of the
most widely studied, it builds in business relationships
which fosters a greater commitment to the drivers and
passengers (2014). Therefore satisfactions regarded as one
important indicator of relationship quality between the one
who do business and the most important in the whole life of
the business (Brominated teal 2016). The main reason why
passengers keep riding tricycle is their satisfaction. Money
is not a big deal when your need meet your satisfaction.
Drivers must have specialized licenses, regular routes, and
not too expensive fixed fares.
 According to the “A Tricycle ride in the Philippines”
fare starts fromPhp8.00 and up, depending on the
locality and the distance to be ridden. They are
always available, cheap and fast. If you want to pay the
lowest fare, you will wait until the trike is filled up with
passengers. But if you want the tricycle alone, just tell the
driver you want a “special “ride. Then after that, it will
bring you to every desired place.

This chapter presents the conceptual and research

literatures which the researcher reviewed in order to know
the fundamentals of the study. Moreover, related concepts and
researches in relation to Guidance and Counselling were also
presented. Motorcycle-propelled Public Transport: Related
Problems and Issues Urban transportation planning is designed
to meet the end objective of addressing transport problems in
terms of traffic movement, public transport, pedestrian,
environment and parkingThompson. This process includes all
vehicle services designed to transport passengers on local
and regional routes. These services include% private and
public buses& trolley buses & vanpools & jitneys' demand
response services& heavy and light rail & commuter rail and
automated guide (way transit. ) while public transport use is
strongly influenced by e*ternal factors such as composition
of the population and car ownership )white, !""+$, its
outmost objective is to provide personal mobility and freedom
as well as help in relieving traffic congestion. Ideally, it
is also the immediate means of helping protect our
environment

According to Marie Danielle V Guillen, Haruo Ishida

IATSS research 28 (1), 56-66, 2004 conserve energy. -
developed countries seem to attain this objective but a gap
seems to happen in developing countries ofsoutheast Asia.

According to Felipe E. Balaria, Marilou P Pascual,

Mercedes D. Santos, Arjay F. Ortiz, Arneil G. Gabriel,
Teodora Luz Soto Mangahas Open Journal of Civil Engineering 7
(3), 362-377, 2017 in most developing countries, motorcycles
are part of the essential mode of transportation. In the case
of the Philippines, local public transport in the form of
tricycles as well as “habal-habal”, or “motorcycle taxi”
exists. This paper reviewed the local transport policy
development with regards to innovating motorcycles as
tricycles or using motorcycles as a public transport mode. It
assumes that motorcycle-propelled public transport precedes
the development of local public transport policy. Davao City
is chosen as the site for the case study since a wide
variation of motorcycle-innovations can be observed.
Philippine tricycle is classified as a motor vehicle composed
of motorcycle fitted with a single wheel sidecar or with a
two-wheel cab, operated as a public transport for a fee. In
Davao City, three forms of tricycles can be observed: side-
cab, center-cab and open cab. An emerging mode, in the form
of motorcycle taxi known as “habal-habal” can also be found.
The study shows that the presence of various motorcycle-
propelled public transport in Davao City is attributed to
inadequacy of either national or local policy that defines
its operation and physical design. The policy response of
eliminating “triciboat” and the presence of private
motorcycle credit facility led to the emergence of informal
and illegal modes like the “habal-habal” and open-cab
tricycles. The issues and gaps in policy implementation and
the importance of relating policies to local urban and
transportation planning and management were discussed.
 The study of Cabanatuan is dubbed as the “Tricycle
Capital of the Philippines”. Tricycle is a three wheeled
vehicle used to transport people. Cabanatuan has about 30,000
registered gas-fed four-stroke motorized tricycles. Tricycle
operation in this City has become the source of livelihood
for around 10,000 families. Its number has tremendously
increased despite growing competition and declining net daily
income and the adverse effects it brings to the environment.
The study analyzed the different aspects in the adoption of
E-trikes (electric tricycles) as a mode of public transport
system replacing motorized tricycles in the city. The
conceptual framework of sustainable development was used to
analyze the data. Basic accounting method in determining
return on investment and payback period were used to compare
the cost and return from among the current mode of
transportation as against the adoption of E-trike. Data
gathering employed the interviews, survey questionnaires and
focus group discussion. The three areas of sustainability
measured in the study were economic, socio-political and
environmental. The study showed that from among 412 tricycle
driver-operators randomly selected, majority were amenable to
the shift from engine propelled tricycle to E-trike. However,
cost of E-trike deters adoption and full implementation by
the City Government. Political issue is also the utmost
consideration since work displacement is imminent among the
stakeholders once adoption of this mode takes place. On the
other side, E-trike was found to be sustainable in the long
run both on the point of view of operators and the riding
public. The paper recommended that policy regulation be laid
down, adopted, and implemented by the local government unit
in response to the Philippines Cleaner Air Act.
Foreign Literature

According to Marie Danielle V. Guillen, Haruo Ishida

IATSS research 28 (1), 56-66, 2004. In most developing
countries, motorcycles are part of the essential mode of
transportation. In the case of the Philippines, local public
transport in the form of tricycles as well as “habal-habal”,
or “motorcycle taxi” exists. This paper reviewed the local
transport policy development with regards to innovating
motorcycles as tricycles or using motorcycles as a public
transport mode. It assumes that motorcycle-propelled public
transport precedes the development of local public transport
policy. Davao City is chosen as the site for the case study
since a wide variation of motorcycle-innovations can be
observed. Philippine tricycle is classified as a motor
vehicle composed of motorcycle fitted with a single wheel
sidecar or with a two-wheel cab, operated as a public
transport for a fee. In Davao City, three forms of tricycles
can be observed: side-cab, center-cab and open cab. An
emerging mode, in the form of motorcycle taxi known as
“habal-habal” can also be found. The study shows that the
presence of various motorcycle-propelled public transport in
Davao City is attributed to inadequacy of either national or
local policy that defines its operation and physical design.
The policy response of eliminating “triciboat” and the
presence of private motorcycle credit facility led to the
emergence of informal and illegal modes like the “habal-
habal” and open-cab tricycles. The issues and gaps in policy
implementation and the importance of relating policies to
local urban and transportation planning and management were
discussed.
 In the study of Gabriele Schliwa, Richard Armitage, Sara
Aziz, James Evans, Jasmine Rhoades Research in Transportation
Business & Management 15, 50-57, 2015 Urban freight and city
logistics are central to the UK economy, but face a number of
economic and environmental challenges. This paper contributes
to a new body of research that investigates the potential of
cargo cycles to make city logistics more sustainable and
explores ways to encourage their diffusion. The paper makes
three key contributions. First, it develops a typology of
cycle logistics based on a literature review and expert
interviews in order to clarify definitions and terminology.
Second, it identifies perception issues, lack of awareness
and … Motorcycle-taxis in sub-Saharan Africa: Current
knowledge, implications for the debate on “informal”
transport and research needs Daniel Ehebrecht, Dirk
Heinrichs, Barbara Lenz Journal of transport geography 69,
242-256, 2018
In the countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) population
growth, urbanization, and social change have resulted in
rising and diversifying mobility needs of urban and rural
populations alike. Moreover, this has stimulated the
emergence of new modes of transport, for example the
motorcycle-taxi (“moto-taxi”). While moto-taxis have been
used for decades in some areas, they have seen massive growth
in the past couple of years and they have expanded to other
rural and urban areas in SSA. This has come with a number of
benefits as regards securing public mobility and socio-
economic effects. On the other hand, the growth of these
often “informally” provided services has resulted in negative
externalities, especially road safety issues. And this has
fuelled public discussions on how to control and regulate
these services. Within academia their growing importance has
resulted in a significant number of empirical studies –
including a large share of final theses/assignments – in the
past five to ten years. These studies deliver valuable
insights into different aspects of this transport mode.
However, only few comprehensive overviews of moto-taxis and
their service characteristics exist. This article aims to
present a comprehensive summary of the role played by moto-
taxi services in providing public transport options in SSA.
Based on an extensive literature review it categorizes and
summarises insights into this transport mode that are covered
by the reviewed studies. The topics include underlying
factors of motorcycle-taxi growth, supply side and demand
side aspects, service organization, regulation, as well as
safety, health and environmental impacts. As far as available
insights allow, regional, as well as urban and rural service
patterns are traced. On that basis, the article discusses
implications for the debate on informal transport and
identifies knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future
research.

According to Tom Bishop, Peter Amos Final Report. Thame,

UK: AFCAP/ASCAP Project Management Unit, Cardno Emerging
Market (UK) Ltd, 16, 2015 this is the final report of the
study into motorcycle taxi associations in Tanzania,
identifying opportunities to improve safety and other areas
of operation. The numbers of motorcycles and motorized
tricycles in Tanzania has increased rapidly in recent years,
changing the face of accessibility and mobility. In urban
areas, both motorcycles and motorized tricycles are used to
avoid congestion, often as taxis, and in rural areas
motorcycles are often the only form of motorized transport
available. They provide employment and business opportunities
for tens of thousands of people.
 According to Daniel Kofi Nti Appiagyei American Journal
of Civil Engineering 2 (4), 117-122, 2014 The Road Traffic
Act (Act 683) passed in 2004 by the Parliament of Ghana
precludes the use of motorcycles to carry fare-paying
passengers, yet motorcycle taxi services are gradually
gaining root within the public transportation sector in the
Accra Metropolis, Ghana. Even though the services are not yet
operated city-wide, they have begun raising public concern.
This study looked at the operation and management of
motorcycle taxi services in Accra and surveyed the opinions
of operators, users and non-users on the services. It was
established that motorcycle taxi services in the Accra
Metropolis are patronized mostly by short-distance urban
commuters, particularly during peak periods of traffic flow
when there is heavy congestion. Patronage is gender-and age-
biased as majority of patrons are male and young. Due to lack
of regulation, the services tend to be concentrated along
only a few routes perceived by the operators as profitable.
Public opinion and acceptance of this form of public
transportation are mixed. Of the 201 non-users interviewed, a
slight majority (56%) thought that the ban implicit in the
Road Traffic Act on such forms of public transportation must
be enforced. Most (68%) of the patrons interviewed considered
the services convenient for beating traffic congestion and
safe due to the short trip lengths. Commuters who shy away
from the services cited safety (46%) and illegality of
services (34%) as their major concerns; only 4% cited the
fear of falling into the hands of criminals as a concern. For
the service providers, most of whom are no more than high
school graduates, the taxis offer subsistence in a country
where employment is hard to come by.
In the study of Lourdes Diaz Olvera, Assogba Guézéré,
Didier Plat, Pascal Pochet Journal of transport geography 55,
165-174, 2016 Motorcycle taxis have become an essential part
of the transport sector in an increasing number of Sub-
Saharan African cities. An analysis of the way this activity
operates in Lomé (Togo), based on field surveys, provides a
better understanding of the reasons for the development of
this transport mode. The majority of drivers earn enough from
the activity to meet their day to day needs and to invest to
increase human and economic capital. The arduous working
conditions, the impacts on health and the risk of accidents
and aggression explain however why the activity is perceived
as temporary and undertaken for want of anything better.
There is a need to identify measures to professionalize the
occupation and improve its image, and also find the best way
to implement them. The occasionally stated goal of doing away
with motorcycle taxis in order to modernize urban transport
systems would have negative effects on their livelihoods.

In the study of Daniel Ehebrecht, Dirk Heinrichs,

Barbara Lenz Journal of transport geography 69, 242-256, 2018
in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) population
growth, urbanisation, and social change have resulted in
rising and diversifying mobility needs of urban and rural
populations alike. Moreover, this has stimulated the
emergence of new modes of transport, for example the
motorcycle-taxi (“moto-taxi”). While moto-taxis have been
used for decades in some areas, they have seen massive growth
in the past couple of years and they have expanded to other
rural and urban areas in SSA. This has come with a number of
benefits as regards securing public mobility and socio-
economic effects. On the other hand, the growth of these
often “informally” provided services has resulted in negative
externalities, especially road safety issues. And this has
fuelled public discussions on how to control and regulate
these services. Within academia their growing importance has
resulted in a significant number of empirical studies –
including a large share of final theses/assignments – in the
past five to ten years. These studies deliver valuable
insights into different aspects of this transport mode.
However, only few comprehensive overviews of moto-taxis and
their service characteristics exist. This article aims to
present a comprehensive summary of the role played by moto-
taxi services in providing public transport options in SSA.
Based on an extensive literature review it categorizes and
summarises insights into this transport mode that are covered
by the reviewed studies. The topics include underlying
factors of motorcycle-taxi growth, supply side and demand
side aspects, service organization, regulation, as well as
safety, health and environmental impacts. As far as available
insights allow, regional, as well as urban and rural service
patterns are traced. On that basis, the article discusses
implications for the debate on informal transport and
identifies knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future
research.

In the study of James Evans, Jennifer O'Brien, Beatrice

Ch Ng Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 43
(4), 674-688, 2018 Informal transport is vital to billions of
people living in rapidly growing cities in the Global South,
yet is increasingly marginalized as governments legislate
against modes of transport that do not conform to ideals of
the “modern city.” Using an innovative combination of GPS and
qualitative methods, this paper investigates how the
estimated 145,000 boda‐boda motorcycle taxis in Kampala, the
rapidly growing capital of Uganda, provide mobility and
income for its inhabitants. While careful not to over‐
romanticize the informality of African cities, we argue that
there is a pressing need to understand the contribution that
uniquely adapted local transport solutions like motorcycle
taxis make to the sustainability of the planet's most rapidly
growing cities. The paper shows how mobile methods reveal the
ways in which informal transport weaves the city and the
lives of its residents together, and proposes a research
agenda to make informal urban transport and the kinds of
mobility it enables more visible within debates concerning
the future of cities.

In the study of Kuranam C. Winston, B.P. and Guitink (P.

A, 2003). Reconciling equity considerations with development
is the end goal of transport system in many developing cities
where the urban poor represent the majority of the
population. Thru the years, there have been various studies
in the complex nature of transport and traffic systems in
developing countries. The choices concerning modal mix for a
city depends on several social, economic, environmental and
technological issues (Kuranami, C. Winston, B.P. and Guitink,
P. A, 2003). as well as the structural changes (Wright,
2003), In fact, proposals that transportation decisions can
be made using one or more of the following methods, master
plans, systems approach, behavioral theories, group decisions
and adaptive decisions have been recommended (Ortuzar J. ,
and Willumsen, L.G, 2000). Despite these developments, the
issue in developing countries remains the same, that is
congestion, deteriorating environmental conditions, safety
and security and declining transport for the poor. In the
light of these topics, the related concepts and issues are
discussed in the next section In Asian cities, motorcycles
account for about half the vehicle fleet and up to 75% in
some cities of developing nations such as Hanoi, Vietnam. The
effect is that some low-income cities can demonstrate very
high levels of personal mobility and while it offer greater
speed and flexibility of movement; it can undermine the
development of public transport services such as bus services
(Gwilliam, 2000). The motorcycle, as a means of mobility has
become an issue for urban transport planners and has been
expressed that such activities do not fit well with regular
urban operations in built-up districts (Grava, 2002). In
Bangladesh, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines, light
motor vehicles based on scooters or motorcycles such as baby
taxis, Bajaj, tuk-tuk and tricycles respectively can be
observed. Particularly in the case of the Philippines,
motorcycle-propelled vehicles in the form of tricycles has
gained wide acceptance as a legitimate form of public
transport in most areas rather than the use of motorcycles
for personal mobility. The most likely reason of attributing
this to cheap conversion of motorcycles into public
transportation has been previously offered (Barter, 1999).
While it is a valid mode for transportation and
accessibility, it is not however, technically designed for
public transportation. Motorcycles were first conceived in
the late 1800s as an improvement of bicycles (Barter, 1999).
In the Philippines, an innovation of this, the tricycles were
used as a motorized replacement of "Pedi cabs" or bicycles
with attached sidecars in the (Rimmer, 2005). The use of
motorcycle-based public transport has raised concerns related
to the worsening environment, safety and traffic congestion.
The immediate issue is 4 that they are considered dirty and
dangerous. Studies have shown that motorcycles and tricycles
cover up to 75 percent of the vehicle fleet in most countries
in Asia. And 85 percent of these used 2-stroke engines, which
can emit up to 75% of total hydrocarbons, 40% of total carbon
monoxide, and a substantial amount of particulate matter
(Rimmer, 2005).

Technical Background

Evaluation systems are central to ensuring the quality

of teaching. A meaningful evaluation system benefits both
driver and passenger. How can we use testing to develop
support systems that not only help drivers reflect and
improve their driving skills but also ensure that all
passengers have the knowledge and skills they need to live
lives that they deserve.

Passengers can check their drivers using their gadgets. They

can use their mobile phones or tablets to check their
drivers. To help their drivers improve their way of driving.
It also helps to avoid physical contact to prevent the spread
of the current covid-19 pandemic. Technology is a big help in
our lives. So you can access even your home.

Definition of terms

Mobile phones – is a mobile operating system

Toda President – one can only see him the toda driver

Passenger – people who will use the tricycle booking system

Driver – one who will picked a passenger