Republic of the Philippines

Golden Olympus Colleges

San Vicente, Tarlac City

LITERARY
APPROACHES

CLAIRE PINEDA
JOYCE SOLIMAN
ROMABELLE SIMON
11 - HERMES
Discussants

Mrs. Khryzia Lyn M. Neponcio

Subject Teacher
 I. Objectives
After the chosen topic has been discussed, students will be able to . .
- What Feminism, Marxism, and Formalism is all about
- Differences between Feminism, Marxism, and Formalism

II. Reference
- Feminism : https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/reading-
feminist-theory/?
fbclid=IwAR2PrNH_kvweXo_2W_Gr_Vuj_f5IBRVHVZ18rhqrxLDSkP5JaKndAhj
HtF4
- Marxism : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0GFSUu5UzA ,
https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/jurisprudence/legal-formalism-marxism-
8366.php#:~:text=At%20its%20crux%2C%20legal%20formalism,with%20a
%20clear%20internal%20logic.&text=In%20contrast%2C%20Marxism%20is
%20not,the%20history%20of%20human%20society , and
https://assignzen.com/marxism-and-feminism-similarities-and-differences/
- Formalism : https://englishsummary.com/lesson/viktor-shklovsky-russian-formalist-
criticism-in-literature/

III. Discussion
What is feminism?
Feminism is:
1. The advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes.
2. The theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes.
3. The belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities.
4. The doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of
men.
*Examples are
We should all be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Sister Outsider by Audre Lorder
*Three main types of Feminism are
Mainstream / Liberal
Radical
Cultural

What is marxism?
Marxism is:
A theory based on the ideas of the philosopher, Karl Marx.
Conflict theory, where the society levels are in conflict with each other, Marxism is a political
and economic philosophy
For Marx, capitalism produces inequality in our society
*Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx
Born on may 5, 1818,
Died on march 14, 1883
*Notable works are
Das Kapital, The Communist Manifesto
What is Formalism?
 Formalism is:
a branch of literary theory and criticism which deals with the structures of text. It means that
external agents outside of the text are not taken into consideration. All the things about
culture, politics, and the author’s intent or societal influences are excluded from formalism.
*Viktor Shklovsky
(1893-1984) was a Russian literary theorist. He belonged to the class of Russian Formalism.
He was also associated with the Russian army during the 1st world war. He founded
OPOYAZ (Society for the study of poetic language) in the year 1916 which planted the seeds
of Russian Formalism.
*Boris Eichenbaum
(1886-1959) was a Russian theorist. He represents Russian Formalism. He was born in
Voronezh, Russia. He studied biology, violin, and piano at school. He opted for philology in
the year 1909. Philology is a branch of knowledge that deals with the structure and history of
languages. Boris Eichenbaum was part of OPOJAZ which was founded in 1916.
*Mikhail Bakhtin
(1895-1975) was a Russian Literary critic. He brought forward a set of theories that were
rooted in the idea of pluralism. Mikhail Bakhtin’s Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (1963),
introduced the concepts of polyphony and unfinalizability.
*Roman Jakobson
(1896-1982) was a Russian-American linguist and literary theorist. He was born on 11
October 1896 in Russia. He was part of the Moscow Linguistic Circle. Moscow Linguistic
Circle was a group of social scientists active from 1915-1924.
*John Crowe Ransom
(1888-1974) was an American Literary critic. He was the founder of New Criticism. New
Criticism was a formalist movement that emphasized the ‘closed reading’ of the text. It argues
that the words on the page are the most important elements within the analysis.
*William K. Wimsatt
(1907-1975) was an American literary theorist and professor. Wimsatt’s The Verbal Icon,
1954, was co-written by Beardsley. In this book, Wimsatt brought out the idea of “Intentional
Fallacy”.
*Monroe Beardsley
(1915-1985) was an American literary critic. Beardsley was born and raised in Bridgeport,
Connecticut. He was educated at Yale University (B.A. 1936, Ph.D. 1939), where he received
the John Addison Porter Prize.
*T. S. Eliot
(1888-1965) was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He held dual citizenship of the U.K.
and America. T. S. Eliot’s poetry represented a departure from romanticism. His poetry was
marked by cynicism and a modernism questioning of traditional values and norms.

IV. Activity
(SHORT QUIZ CONSISTING OF 15 ITEMS)
Joyce Ann A. Soliman will hand out the link
Sent at khryziamedina18@gmail.com