“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED

TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED

PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE

CHILDERN IN SELECTED AREAS OF BAGALKOT.’’

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR

DISSERTATION

MR. RAVI AJUR

SHRI. B.V.V.SANGHA’S
SAJJALASHREE INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,
NAVANAGAR, BAGALKOT, KARNATAKA.
2012

1
 RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA,
BANGALORE
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. Name of the candidate and address

(in block letters) MR.RAVI AJUR
I YEAR M. Sc. NURSING
SAJJALASHREE INSTITUTE OF
NURSING SCIENCES, BAGALKOT

2. Name of the Institution SAJJALASHREE INSTITUTE OF

NURSING SCIENCES, BAGALKOT.

3. Course of Study and Subject M. Sc. NURSING

PAEDIATRIC NURSING

4. Date of Admission to the course 30/06/2012

5. Title of the Topic:

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED

TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED

PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE

CHILDERN IN SELECTED AREAS OF BAGALKOT.’’

2
6.Brief Resume of the Intended Work

A child is generally a human between the stages of birth and

puberty. Child generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than

the age of majority. Children are the future promise of the world .It is important that to

raise a good future community for a good world. Children are high risk group to get

accident and injuries. A proper first aid management in the right time will save the

valuable life of our future generation. Every year a huge number of deaths are happening

around the globe. Good knowledge of basic life support (BLS) and emergency

management skills help to save the causalities.1

An emergency is a situation that possess an immediate risk to

health, life property or environment have a already caused by loss of life, heath

determinants, property damage. The emergency can be classified in to four sub divisions

like, dangerous to life, heath, property, the environment. Paediatric emergencies is

medicine is that branch of medicine concern with providing highly specialized acute

health care to children of all ages and developmental levels which includes , Triage,

stabilization ,diagnosis , treatment and follow up care. Paediatric emergencies are the

leading cause for the death in children under five years of age. The accidental trauma

due to different causes influences in childhood mortality and morbidity. The children

exhibit various behavioural characteristics that place them at risk to paediatric

emergencies that are intense activity , Curiosity, mouthing of objects, traffic accidents

and Suicidal attention in older children.2

Public health emergencies resulting from major man-made crises and large scale

natural disaster severely impact developing countries, causing unpredictable rates of

3
indirect mortality and morbidity.Yong children sustain upper cervical spine

injuries,drowning,snake bites, dental injuries .Snake bite is a global public health

problem, with highest incidence in southeast Asia, it results from inadequate health

services, difficulty transportation and consequent delay in antisnake venom

administration are the main reasons for high mortality. The outcomes of snake bites

depend on numerous factors, including the species of snake, area of the body bitten and

the amount of venom injected.3

Paediatric emergencies are ,coma ,shock, upper and

lower airway obstruction it includes croup , epiglotitis, foreign body aspiration,

bronchiolitis , chest infection .cardiac emergencies includes , heart failure, supra-

ventricular tachycardia. Infection includes meningitis, encephalitis, Kawasaki, hus,

pertusis, endocarditis. Seizures include status epileptics, febrile fits, non- febrile fits,

increased intra cranial pressure. In Renal includes hypertension, haematuria, nephrosis.

Skin includes rash, purpura, peeling, cellulites. Pain includes lamping child, chest pain,

abdominal pain, headache, backache, sickle cell. In environmental includes burns,

smoke inhalation, drowning, poisoning, hypothermia, heat stress, fractures and road

traffic accidents. Emergencies in babies include excessive crying, not feeding, cyanosis,

apnoea, fitting, jaundice, diarrhoea, vomiting, fever and bleeding. Bites include snake

bite, scorpion bite, human bite and stings.4

Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory

impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid. It is a major cause of disability and

death particularly in children .it is classified in to two types, cold water injury and warm

water injury. Warm water drowning occurs at water temperature of 20’ Celsius. Cold

water drowning occurs at water temperature of less than 20’ Celsius. Immediate threats

include effects on the central nervous system and cardio vascular system. The degree of

4
central nervous system and cardio vascular system injury depends on the severity and

duration of hypoxia. 7% of deaths due to drowning in 2004 and average 388,000 deaths

by Drowning, and 1 per 50,000 populations reported.4

Symptoms of drowning includes , Head low in water,

head tilted back with mouth open, eyes glassy and empty, eyes open with fear evident on

face, gasping, trying to swim, uncontrollable movements of arms and legs. Causes of

drowning are Children drowned in baths, buckets, toilets, drums, tank and barrels. Deep

water blackout. Shallow water blackout. Drowning can be prevented by having

Lifeguards at pools, by keeping camera as safety measure at pools, by having the

computers for detect drowning. by having telephone facilities at pool. While swimming

the four rules should be maintained, always swim with a buddy, don’t dive unknown

bodies of water, don’t push on others and be prepared for emergency.4

A snake bite is an injury caused by a bite from a snake

often resulting in puncture wounds. Every year 10,000 people die from snake bites.

Symptoms of snake bites includes, Overwhelming fear, Panic, Emotional instability,

Nausea, Diarrhoea, Vertigo Fainting, Cold, Necrosis. First aid for Snake bites varies

because different snakes have different types of venom and includes,

- protect the person and others from further bites

- Keep the person calm

- Call for help to arrange for transport to the nearest hospital emergency room

- Make sure to keep the bitten limb in a functional position and below the victims

heart level

- Don’t give person anything to eat or drink

- Remove any items or clothing which may constrict the bitten limb

5
 - Keep the person still as possible and don’t incise the bitten site.5

The fracture is medical condition in which a bone is

cracked or broken .About 15% of all injuries in children are fracture injuries .Bone

fractures in children are different than adult bone fractures because a child bones are still

growing, also more consideration needs to be taken when a child fractures a bone since it

will affect the child his or her growth. The fractures occur when the strong forces

naturally applied on the bones.6

Types of fracture are Greenstick fracture, Torus or buckle

fracture, Closed fracture ,Open fracture, Non –displaced fracture, Displaced

fracture ,Hairline fracture, Single fracture ,Segmental fracture, Communicated fracture.

Causative factors for fracture includes Fall , Osteoporosis ,Weakness ,Low immunity

power. Symptoms of fracture are Tenderness, pain, obvious deformity, swelling,

bruising, warmth, redness in fractured area and immobility. Children with generalized

disorders such as renal disease, cystic fibrosis, growth hormone deficiency, age, sex,

body built and child abuse are at risk for fracture.6

First aid for fracture includes , provide good ventilation,

Immobilize the affected bone ,Provide splint ,Keep child on plane surface ,Prevent

bleeding in affected site ,Don’t put pressure on affected site ,Advise them to drink

water. , Maintain hygiene, Shift to hospital for further treatment.7

6.1 Need for the Study

“ If you want your children to keep their feet on the ground
put some responsibility on their shoulder”

A child’s early years hold the clues to his future behaviour as

an adult. Society stands to gain or lose, depending on the soundness of mother-baby

6
attachment. La Leche League is committed to the belief that babies and mothers need to

be together in the early years. We are convinced that a baby’s needs for his mother’s

loving presence are as basic as his need for food.8

A baby must have a mother, a mother who is mature enough

to attend to its needs and provide so-called object constancy for a minimum of three

years... The mothering function is one of the most important of all human events but,

unfortunately, one of the least appreciated or regarded by society.9

In the first three years of life every human being undergoes

yet a second birth, in which he is born as a psychological being possessing selfhood and

separate identity. The quality of self an infant achieves in those crucial three years will

profoundly affect all of his subsequent existence.9

Many people have suggested that day and night care centres for

children are an answer for women’s need to do more than child care. They propose that

we channel millions of dollars and equal number of hours into organizing such places.

But this is not the answer for the demands on the mother during this early infant

adjustment period. One thing we have learned about children in the past few decades is

that they do best in early infancy if they are principally cared for by their own mothers.

Given a reasonably stable household and a level of economic stability where the children

can receive all the emotional and physical benefits offered to the general population,

mothers responding to their own children are still best.10

Paediatric emergencies are the leading causes of death in children

under five years of age. The toddlers. Preschool and scholars with highest curiosity to

explore, investigate and with the ability to run and play are more prone to

gettinginjurieslikefalls,burns,cuts,bites.stings,poisoning,fracture,eyeinfection,hyperther

mia,wounds,choking.Most of the paediatric emergencies occur in main location at

7
home, road, school, play ground, hospital, and Anganwadi’s centres.10

Paediatric emergency is a medicine is that branch of medicine

concern with providing highly specialized acute health care. Most common paediatric

emergencies are fracture, drowning and snake bite .The incidence of snake bite is every

year 10.000 people die from snake bite.7% of deaths recorded from drowning and 15%

of fractures cases recorded in children. Average 388.000 deaths happened by

Drowning.4

Parents are the primary care givers of the children. The mothers

are the primary teachers and have the potential influence on the children .Thus mothers

should have the knowledge regarding paediatric emergencies to react to situations

occurred. Snakes bites reported during monsoon in preschool children accounted for

almost half of the animal bites and stings.11

The study conducted a nationally representative study of

123,000 deaths from 6,671 randomly selected areas in 2001–03. Full-time, non-medical

field workers interviewed living respondents about all deaths. The underlying causes

were independently coded by two of 130 trained physicians. Discrepancies were

resolved by anonymous reconciliation or, failing that, by adjudication. A total of 562

deaths were assigned to snakebites. Snakebite deaths occurred mostly in rural areas

(97%), were more common in males (59%) than females (41%), and peaked at ages 15–

29 years (25%) and during the monsoon months of June to September. This proportion

represents about 45,900 annual snakebite deaths nationally, and with the highest state

rate in Andhra Pradesh. Annual snakebite deaths were greatest in the states of Uttar

Pradesh (8,700), Andhra Pradesh (5,200), and Bihar (4,500). Snakebite remains an

underestimated cause of accidental death in modern India. Because a large proportion of

global totals of snakebites arise from India, global snakebite totals might also be

8
underestimated. Community education, appropriate training of medical staff and better

distribution of antivenom, especially to the 13 states with the highest prevalence, could

reduce snakebite deaths in India.12

Injuries comprise 13% of the burden of morbidity worldwide.

Nearly 50 lakh people lost their lives due to injury as per the WHO estimates for

2002.Snake bites cause considerable morbidity worldwide. The highest burden exists in

south Asia, Southern Asia & Sub – Saharan Africa. Annual incidence of snake bite in

India is about 66 – 163 per 1, 00,000 population. Deaths from all types of injuries are

projected to increase 1.47 .In any society ,59% of the mothers and children are living in

total population .children are one third of our total population and today children are

help in future for well lighten of the country. The care is needed for survival and

development of children from infancy to child wood.12

A descriptive study was conducted at Bangalore to assess the

knowledge of the mothers of the under fives regarding first aid during paediatric

emergencies and to design an appropriate training programme to improve their

knowledge on first aid .the assessment was repeated for the 56 subjects who attended a

training programme on first aid and mean baseline knowledge score was 2.34 which

increased to 11.64 immediately following training. This increase was significant for the

study and knowledge of the mothers increased compare to pre existing knowledge.13

The first five years are considered a critical period of

life where the child learns to investigate and react with his surrounding and they

move curious too much. Accidents are the largest single cause of death after the

age of one year and are the most serious health problems facing the world

today. Mothers knowledge and practice are relevant variables and are considered

to be important factors in planning an educational programme for paediatric

9
emergencies.11

A cross sectional study was conducted in Gujarat

State, India on risk of domestic accidents among under five children. The

objective of the study was to assess the domestic accidents among under five

children so that suitable recommendations can be suggested for prevention of

morbidity and mortality among them. Two stage sampling technique was used. The

sample size was 600 families. Interview technique was used to collect the data

from urban slum and middle income group. The study result was nearly two

third of boys and 54.7% of girls were at higher to get exposure to electrical

accidents, chemicals and fire. The children living in slum are at more risk to

the accidents than the children in middle income group14.

So the researcher felt to undertake the study in order

to assess the knowledge of paediatric emergencies in children in view to improve and

update their knowledge regarding some of the most common paediatric emergencies so

that mothers can identify the paediatric emergencies in children at earliest and can

follow better controlling measures and also it helps mothers to prevent paediatric

emergencies in children.

6.2 Review of Literature

“Literature Review is A Critical Summary Of Research On A Topic Of Interest, Often Prepared

To Put A Research Problem In Context Or As The Basis For An Implementation Project.”
- Polit and Hungler

Review of Literature is a key step in research process.

Nursing research may be considered as a continuing process in which knowledge gained

from earlier studies is an integral part of research in general. In review of literature a

10
researcher analyses existing knowledge before delving into a new study and when

making judgement about application of new knowledge in nursing practice. The

literature review is an extensive, systematic, and critical review of the most important

published scholarly literature on a particular topic.

A retrospective study conducted in SIRIRAJ Hospital

Bangkok on treatment and outcome of drowning patients in paediatric unit. They

reviewed records of 31 drowning patients, the result reveals that The average age of

admitted patients was 4 years of age, 75% of patients were under five years age, The

study concluded that poor outcome observed, prevention of drowning is most important,

effective immediate resuscitation is crucial for the best outcome.15

A retrospective study was conducted with an objective to

identify deaths due to drowning in water sumps over a period of 1 year in the

deportment of Forensic medicine, MS Ramaiah medical college, Bangalore reveals that

the following aspects as a total of 112 (100%) deaths were due to drowning of which 34

(30%) cases of drowning was in water sumps. The study revealed that 19 (55.90%)

outnumbered the males and children in the age group of 0-10 (55.88%) accounted for

majority of the cases, (73.3%) were mainly accidental in manners, (44.10%) had taken

place between 12 noon to 6 pm and author concluded that this new source of water body

has been a watery grave which is very unfortunate and supervision turns out to be the

key contributors to these unfortunate preventable deaths.16

A prospective Study to identify the epidemiology of paediatric

trauma in an urban scenario of India and compare results with studies from developed

countries, and to formulate preventive measures to decrease such traumas. They selected

cases Between January 2004 and 2005 inclusive, 500 paediatric, orthopaedic trauma

patients. Information was recorded in a prescribed proforma.The children’s ages ranged

11
from 0 to 16 years; 274 were males. Most fractures occurred in children aged 7 to 12

years and decreased in older children. The ratio of fractures in left versus right upper

extremity was 2:1. In children aged 0 to 6 years, the most common injured site was the

elbow, whereas in children aged 7 to 16 years it was the distal radius. In descending

order, most injuries were sustained at home (47%), in school (21%), due to sports

(17%), and due to vehicular accidents (13%).study concluded that An effective accident

prevention proPaediatric trauma epidemiology in an urban scenario in India.17

A study was conducted to estimate national snake bite

mortality rate in India. They selected 6,671 areas randomly in 2001–03. Full-time, non-

medical field workers interviewed living respondents about all deaths. The underlying

causes were independently coded by two of 130 trained physicians. Discrepancies were

resolved by anonymous reconciliation or, failing that, by adjudication. The results

revealed that a total of 562 deaths (0.47% of total deaths) due to snakebites. Snakebite

deaths occurred mostly in rural areas (97%), were more common in males (59%) than

females (41%), and peaked at ages 15–29 years (25%) and during the monsoon months

of June to September. This proportion represents about 45,900 annual snakebite deaths

nationally (99% CI 40,900 to 50,900) or an annual age-standardised rate of 4.1/100,000

(99% CI 3.6–4.5), with higher rates in rural areas (5.4/100,000; 99% CI 4.8–6.0), and

with the highest state rate in Andhra Pradesh (6.2). Annual snakebite deaths were

greatest in the states of Uttar Pradesh (8,700), Andhra Pradesh (5,200), and Bihar

(4,500).The study concluded that snakebite remains an underestimated cause of

accidental death in modern India. Because a large proportion of global totals of

snakebites arise from India, global snakebite totals might also be underestimated.

Community education, appropriate training of medical staff and better distribution of

antivenom, especially to the 13 states with the highest prevalence, could reduce

12
snakebite deaths in India.18

A study was conducted of the records of fifty-five children

who were admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto between 1955 and 1975

with a diagnosis of Volkmann's contracture in fifty-eight limbs. Ten patients had been

transferred to this hospital with established ischemia after Bryant's traction for a

fractured femur; all had a very poor outcome. Thirteen other cases of Volkmann's

contracture affecting the superficial posterior compartment had been treated with a fixed

Thomas' splint and a Bradford frame after fractures of the femoral shaft. Supracondylar

fractures of the elbow resulting in Volkmann's contracture frequently had both an

arterial injury and a compartment syndrome. Most of the fifty-five children reviewed

here had not had early appropriate treatment. For the past twenty-one years the

frequency of Volkmann's contracture has not declined in spite of many published reports

on the compartment syndrome, and the hazards of supracondylar fractures and of

Bryant's traction.19

The study was conducted to describe the pattern of minor

accidents in infants and their resulting injuries in U K. They collected data from 11466

parents using postal questionnaires. At 6 months of age, parents were asked to describe

any accident since birth. The type of fall, distance fallen, resulting injury, and help

sought were independently coded. Burns were similarly coded. Results revealed that

53% fell from beds or settees and 12% fell from arms or while being carried. Only 14%

reported visible injury, of which 56% were bruises; 97% of injuries specified involved

the head. Only 21 falls (<1%) resulted in concussion or fracture. A burn or scald

occurred in 172 cases (1.5%). The main causes of scalds were hot drinks and water, with

contact burns caused by radiators, cookers, and hot food. The study concluded that falls

in young infants are common while burns are rare. Injuries from falls are infrequent,

13
predominantly trivial, and almost entirely confined to the head. Falls from beds and

settees did not result in skull fractures. Serious injury was the result of complex

accidents.20

The study conducted in Department of Paediatric and

Preventive Dentistry, KSR College of Dental Sciences and Research Institute,

Trichengode, India on Mandibular fractures are relatively less frequent in children when

compared to adults. The reported incidence of paediatric injuries accounts for 4-6% of

the total. Below the age of 5 years, the incidence of paediatric facial fractures is even

lower, ranging from 0.6 to 1.2%.  The principles of management of mandibular fractures

differ in children when compared to adults. While in the adults, absolute reduction and

fixation of fractures is indicated, in children minimal manipulation of facial skeleton is

mandated. The goal of treatment of these fractures is to restore the underlying bony

architecture to pre-injury position, in a stable fashion, as non-invasively as possible, with

minimal residualsthetic and functional impairment. This may be due to the child’s

protected anatomic features and infrequent exposure of children to alcohol related traffic

accidents. Treatment principles of mandibular fractures differ from that of adults due to

concerns regarding mandibular growth and development of dentition. A case of a 4.5-

year-old boy with fractured body of mandible managed by closed reduction using open

occlusal acrylic splint and circum mandibular wiring is presented.21

A prospective study was conducted in to identify the

epidemiology of paediatric trauma in an urban scenario of India and compare results

with studies from developed countries, and to formulate preventive measures to decrease

such traumas. Between January 2004 and 2005 inclusive, 500 paediatric, orthopaedic

trauma patients presenting in King Edward VII Memorial hospital Mumbai were

14
studied. Information was recorded in a prescribed proforma. The results revealed that the

children’s ages ranged from 0 to 16 years; 274 were males. Most fractures occurred in

children aged 7 to 12 years and decreased in older children. The ratio of fractures in left

versus right upper extremity was 2:1. In children aged 0 to 6 years, the most common

injured site was the elbow, whereas in children aged 7 to 16 years it was the distal

radius. In descending order, most injuries were sustained at home (47%), in school

(21%), due to sports (17%), and due to vehicular accidents (13%). They concluded that

an effective accident prevention programme in developing countries requires changes in

lifestyle and environment, and overcoming obstacles such as ignorance, illiteracy, and

inadequate resources.22

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the attitude

and pre treatment practices among animal bite cases reported in three hospitals in

Ahmadabad. A Total of 300 animal bite cases were selected randomly. The result

revealed that the most common biting animal was dog as 97.33% cases gave history of

dog bite. Almost half of the cases belonged to age less than 20 years. Immediate pre test

of wound was practiced by 72% of case before visiting hospitals however only 5.7% had

gone for immediate treatment, washing wound with soap and water. The study

concluded that there is need for creating awareness in public and medical community

about proper wound management, judicious use of anti-rabies serum and use of modern

tissue culture vaccine after animal bite.23

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the change in

the pattern of management. 305 participants were selected by random sampling method.

Tool was direct questionnaires, subsequently gave awareness programme on snake bite

and first aid measures to the public. It was found that 44% locals received the knowledge

on snake bite and first-aid measures. On evaluation after 1 year, only 40% traditional

15
healers discontinued traditional healing and suggested victims to visit snake bite

treatment centre. Initially, traditional healers convinced to adopt snakebite treatment

centres. Consequently, dependency on traditional healing reduced significantly from

56% to 22% and attracted the people towards invaluable pressure immobilization

technique and anti venom therapy significantly.24

6.3 Statement of the Problem:

. “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED

TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED

PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE

CHILDERN IN SELECTED AREAS OF BAGALKOT’’

6.4 Objectives of the Study

 To assess the knowledge regarding paediatric emergencies among mothers of the

under five children.

 To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on the knowledge

regarding selected paediatric emergencies among mothers of under five

children.

16
  To find the association between knowledge regarding selected paediatric

emergencies among the mothers of under five children with selected socio

demographic variables.

6.5 Operational definitions:

1. ASSESS: In this study, it refers to the systematic and continuous process of collecting

data from mothers regarding paediatric emergencies among mothers of the under five

children.

2. EFFECTIVENESS: In this study it refers to the assessment of changes that planned

teaching programme will produce on knowledge regarding selected paediatric

emergencies among mothers of under five children by comparing pre-test and post-test

scores.

3. KNOWLEDGE: In this study knowledge refers to the information regarding selected

paediatric emergencies among mothers of under five children as evidenced by number of

correct responses to the items in the structured questionnaire.

4. PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME: It refers to a set of scientific information

gathered to impart knowledge using relevant teaching methods and appropriate AV Aids

regarding selected paediatric emergencies.

5. PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES: In this study Paediatric emergencies refers to

fracture, drowning, and snake bite.

6. MOTHERS: In this study mothers refers to mothers who all are having children

below 5 years and residing in selected areas of Bagalkot.

7. UNDER FIVE CHILDREN: In this study it refers to age group of children between
0-5 years.

6.6 ASSUMPTIONS:

 Mothers of under five children may have some knowledge regarding paediatric

17
emergencies.

 Paediatric emergencies are highly common among children.

 Planned teaching programme may help to improve the knowledge of the mothers

regarding selected paediatric emergencies.

 Selected socio-demogramic variables may have some influence on the mother’s

knowledge regarding Paediatric emergencies.

 The Mothers will be willing to participate in the present study effectively.

6.7 Hypothesis:

H1 - Mothers may have less knowledge regarding selected paediatric emergencies.

H2 - There will be significant difference between pre-test & post test knowledge scores

of Mothers regarding selected paediatric emergencies.

H3 - There will be significant relationship between post-test knowledge regarding

selected paediatric emergencies among mothers of under five children with selected

socio-demographic variables.

6.8 Delimitation

 Mothers of under five children.

 Selected areas of Bagalkot.

 Selected paediatric emergencies are snake bite, drowning and fracture.

7. Materials and Methods

7.1 Source of Data:

The data will be collected from the mothers residing in selected areas of Bagalkot.

7.1.1 Research Design

Since the aim of the the present study is to find out the effectiveness of planned

teaching programme regarding selected paediatric emergencies among mothers of the

under five children , A Quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test without control

18
group design is found to be appropriate for conducting the present study.

7.1.2 Setting:

Refers to the physical location and condition in which the data is gathered. The

present study will be conducted in selected areas of Bagalkot.

7.1.3 Population:

Population is a complete set of persons or subjects those posses common

Characteristics that are of interest to the researcher.

Target population- In this study it refers to the group of Mothers who have at

least one child between 0 -5 years of age.

Accessible population- In this study it refers to the group of Mothers who have at

least one child between 0 -5 years of age and who are residing in Bagalkot.

7.2 Methods of Data Collection

7.2.1 Sample: It is a unit of the population. In the present study sample consists of

mothers of under five children in selected areas of Bagalkot.

7.2.2 Sampling technique: Convenient sampling technique will be used to select the

areas of Bagalkot and Simple random sampling technique will be

used to select the subjects.

7.2.3 Sample Size

A total of 50 mothers of under five children in selected areas of Bagalkot will

be selected for the present study.

7.2.4 Duration of study

Duration of the present study is 4 - 6 weeks.

7.2.5 Criteria for Sampling

19
 1. Inclusion Criteria for Sampling

The study includes the mothers

 Who have at least one child between 0 – 5 years of age

 Who are residing in selected areas of Bagalkot

 Who are available at the time of data collection

 Who are willing to participate in the study

 Who are able to read and write Kannada.

2. Exclusion criteria

The study excludes the mothers

 Who are sick at the time of data collection

 Who are not co-operative

 Mentally handicap

 Who are not able to attend the questionnaire themselves because of their

Physical handicap

7.2.6 Selected Variables: Variables selected in the present study are

Independent Variable: Planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding

selected paediatric emergencies among mothers of under five children.

Dependent Variable: Knowledge regarding selected paediatric emergencies

among mothers of under five children.

Socio demographic variables: Socio demographic variable includes socio

demographic characteristic of mothers. Like mother’s age, type of family, educational

status, family monthly income, occupation, source of information , religion total number

of children between 0-5 years of age.

7.2.7 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS: The investigator has planned to assess

20
the knowledge of mothers with the help of structured closed ended questionnaire

It consist of 2 sections namely section 1 and section 2

Section 1- deals with socio demographic data related to sample

Section 2- deals with the items related to assessment of knowledge regarding

selected paediatric emergencies among mothers of under five children.

7.2.8 Data Collection Methods

A Pre-test will be conducted by using a self administered structured

closed ended questionnaire regarding paediatric emergencies among mothers of under

five children. Immediately planned teaching programme will be conducted on

knowledge regarding selected paediatric emergencies. After 7 days post-test will be

conducted using the same questionnaire among the same group.

7.2.9 Methods for data analysis

Numerical data obtained from the sample will be organized and

summarized with the help of descriptive statistics like percentage, mean, median, and

standard deviation. Testing the level of significance of hypotheses and identifying

relationship between knowledge regarding selected paediatric emergencies among

mothers of under five children and socio demographic variables will be done with the

help of inferential statistics, tests like Chi- square test, co efficient correlation and paired

t-test.

7.3 Projected outcome

The present study will help the mothers of under five children to

learn regarding selected paediatric emergencies and its importance, which in turn helps

them to provide adequate knowledge so that they can help their children gain in

preventing paediatric emergencies and achieving optimum growth and development.

21
7.4 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on
patients or other humans or animals? If so please describe briefly.

Yes,

In present study investigation is done on human beings i.e. assessment of

knowledge regarding selected paediatric emergencies among mothers of under five

children and Intervention is planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding

selected paediatric emergencies among mothers of under five children in selected areas

of Bagalkot.

7.5 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.4?

Yes,

a) Permission will be obtained from the principal of Sajjalashree Institute of

Nursing Sciences, Navanagar, Bagalkot.

b) Permission will be obtained from the institutional ethical and research

committee (Sajjalashree Institute of Nursing Sciences, Navanagar. Bagalkot).

c) Permission will be obtained from the concerned mothers of selected area of

Bagalkot.

d) Written consent will be obtained from participants.

8.List of References

1) Basic life support of babies and children, August 2010.

22
2) Resuscitation council (UK) Adult basic life support 2005.

3) The reality of paediatric emergency mass critical care in the developing

fburkle@hsph.harvard.edu.

4) Mrs, Jessie m Challappa, Paediatric nursing Gajanana publishers & Distributors,

2004,35 – 52.

5) Kasturirante A , De Silva N ,et al ,The global burden of snake bite analysis of

envenoming and Deaths, 218, 2009.

6) Benjamin c , Wedro , MedicineNet – Fracture, December 12 ,2012

7) Ajay sing, First aid & emergency care, N,R Brother’s publication .

8) La Leche League International, The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding, 7th ed, 167-

168.

9) Harold Voth, M.D., Medical Times, November 1980.

10) Dana Raphael, The Tender Gift: Breastfeeding, p. 168.

11) Sheila Kippley , The Importance of the Presence of the Mother During the First

Three Years, February 28, 2005.

12) www.piosontds.org/article/info% 253.

13) Bhanderi DJ, Choudhary S. A study of occurrence of domestic accidents in semi-

urban community. Indian Journal of community medicine. 2008; 33(2):104-6.

14) Www. Ispub.com.

15) Wach,Theodore,D Ohio link journal,multiple influences on children nutritional

deficiencies ,Volume 94 ,April 22 2008 ,48-60.

16) Praveen S, Girlish Chandra YP, Harish S. Drowning in water sumps. Department of

forensic medicine. MS Ramaiah medical college. Bangalore .2004 volume-1.

17) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.com.

18) Jaggi OP, Modern Period History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian

23
 Civilization, Vol. IX, 2000.

19) J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1979 Aug;61-B(3),p 285-293.

20) Warrington SA, Wright CM , Accidents and resulting injuries in premobile

infants, Community Child Health Unit, Department of Child Health.

21) Baby John, Reena R. John,1 A. Stalin, Textbook of Pedodontics. 1st ed.

Hyderabad: Paras Medical Publisher; 2001. p. 490.

22) Epidemiology of paediatric, trauma in urban, India, Department of Orthopaedics,

King Edward VII, Mumbai, India 2005.

23) http:// www.njcmindia.org.in.

24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.org,in.

9 Signature of Candidate

10 Remarks of the Guide The proposed study is ethically acceptable and socially
beneficent. It is feasible for the student researcher to be
carried out.
11 Name and Designation of (In MR. SURESHGOUDA .S. PATIL
Block letters ) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AND HOD OF
11.1 Guide PEDIATRIC NURSING,
SHRI. B.V.V.SANGHA’S SAJJALASHREE
INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,
NAVANAGAR, BAGALKOT, KARNATAKA.
11.2 Signature

11.3 Co- Guide (if any) MRS. DANESHWARI.M.HIREMATH

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PEDIATRIC NURSING,
SHRI. B.V.V.SANGHA’S SAJJALASHREE
INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,

24
 NAVANAGAR, BAGALKOT, KARNATAKA.
11.4 Signature

11.5 Head of Department MR. SURESHGOUDA .S. PATIL

HOD OF PEDIATRIC NURSING
SHRI. B.V.V.SANGHA’S SAJJALASHREE
INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,
NAVANAGAR, BAGALKOT, KARNATAKA.
11.6 Signature

12 12.1 Remarks of the principal: The topic selected by the candidate is suitable for the
present paediatric health requirement. The research & Ethical committee is also accepted.
Hence Candidate can proceed with his study.

12.2 Signature

25