4/2/2017 Buchholz 

Relay ­ Construction, Working | electricaleasy.com

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Buchholz Relay - Construction, Working
DC
AC Machines
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By Kiran Daware Transformer Share 32 Tweet 10
Classi៯�cation
DC Machines of DC machines
DC Generator
Transformers
What Is A Buchholz Relay?
DC Motor motors
Induction
Buchholz relay is a safety device which is Starting of DCmachines
motor
Synchronous
generally used in large oil immersed
Speed
Power control
System
transformers (rated more than 500 kVA). It is a
Electric brakingEconomics
Power System
type of oil and gas actuated protection relay. It
is used for the protection of a transformer More...
Renewable Energy

from the faults occurring inside the AC Machines

Electrical Laws
transformer, such as impulse breakdown of Working of induction motors
Basics
the insulating oil, insulation failure of turns 3 phase induction motor
Miscellaneous machines
etc.
Starting of 3 phase IM
Miscellaneous

Working Principle Of Buchholz Speed control of IM

Relay Induction generator

Synchronous generator
Whenever a fault occurs inside the transformer, such as insulation failure of turns,
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4/2/2017
Whenever a fault occurs inside the transformer, such as insulation failure of turns,
Buchholz Relay ­ Construction, Working | electricaleasy.com

breakdown of core or excess core heating, the fault is accompanied by production of More...
excess heat. This excess heat decomposes the transformer insulating oil which results Transformers
in production of gas. The generation of gases depend on intensity the of fault. Gas Working of transformer
bubbles tend to ៯�ow in upward direction towards conservator and hence they are
collected in the buchholz relay which is placed on the pipe connecting the transformer
tank and conservator. Sponsored Links

Construction
Buchholz relay consists of an oil ៯�lled
chamber. There are two hinged ៯�oats,
one at the top and other at the bottom
in the chamber. Each ៯�oat is
accompanied by a mercury switch. The
mercury switch on the upper ៯�oat is
connected to an alarm circuit and that
on the lower ៯�oat is connected to an
external trip breaker. The construction
of a  buchholz relay is shown in the
៯�gure.

How Does A Buchholz Relay Work?

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Whenever a minor fault occurs inside the transformer, heat is produced by the fault
And for other ៯�exible advertising plans
currents. The produced heat causes decomposition of transformer oil and gas bubbles
reach me at
are produced. These gas bubbles ៯�ow in upward direction and get collected in the
kiran@electricaleasy.com
buchholz relay. The collected gas displaces the oil in buchholz relay and the
displacement is equivalent to the volume of gas collected. The displacement of oil
causes the upper ៯�oat to close the upper mercury switch which is connected to an
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4/2/2017 Buchholz Relay ­ Construction, Working | electricaleasy.com
causes the upper ៯�oat to close the upper mercury switch which is connected to an
alarm circuit. Hence, when minor fault occurs, the connected alarm gets activated. The
collected amount of gas indicates the severity of the fault occurred. During minor
faults the production of gas is not enough to move the lower ៯�oat. Hence, during
minor faults, the lower ៯�oat is una៛�ected.
During major faults, like phase to earth short circuit, the heat generated is high and a
large amount of gas is produced. This large amount of gas will similarly ៯�ow upwards,
but its motion is high enough to tilt the lower ៯�oat in the buccholz relay. In this case,
the lower ៯�oat will cause the lower mercury switch which will trip the transformer from
the supply, i.e. transformer is isolated from the supply.

Advantages Of Buchholz Relay

Buchholz relay indicates the internal faults due to heating and it helps in avoiding
the major faults.
Severity of the fault can be determined without even dismantling the transformer.
If a major fault occurs, the transformer can be isolated with the help of buchholz
relay to prevent accidents.

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