Name:_______________________________________________________________________Date:____

___Class:______

APWH|Unit 7 Sections 1-3 “Shifting Power,” “Causes of WWI” “Conducting WWI”

Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that
follow using specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently.
Students who do not do their reading will not do well in this course. 
Vocabulary for Section 7.1-7.3 – Turn in on due date for 7.3
Key term/event Significance

1. Bloody Sunday

2. The Revolution of 1905

3. Sun Yat-sen

4. Young Turks

5. Mexican Revolution

6. Franz Ferdinand

7. Great War

8. Triple Entente

9. Triple Alliance

10. Self-Determination

11. Conscription

12. Trench Warfare

13. Zimmerman Telegram

14. Total War

 15. Fourteen Points

26. Treaty of Versailles

Name:_______________________________________________________________________Date:____
___Class:______

APWH|Unit 7 Sections 1 “Shifting Power” 

Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that
follow using specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently.
Students who do not do their reading will not do well in this course. 

Review (Important relevant information from old sections)  

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly, using your old AMSCOs as needed.

1. What is imperialism? How did it lead to competition?

The competition for oversea empires created a sense of rivalry and mistrust of one another.
The nations of Europe competed fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia

2. What was industrialization? How could it lead to mass production of weapons technology?
With mass production weapons could be made faster than ever before, making weapons like
rifles and machine guns common weapons.

3. What was the Russian government system like after the Mongols? Who were the Romanovs?
The Romanov family was the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia. They first came to power in
1613

7.1: Shifting Power After 1900

Objective Key Developments

Explain Revolution in Russia

how 2. Russia is having a lot of challenges in the early 20th century, falling behind most of Europe, the
internal US, and Japan.
and
external A. WHY (internal challenges)
factors  Russia was slow to
contributed o Promote industrialization and ____economic______ growth.
to change o Expand _education___ for peasants
in o Build _____________, and other parts of transportation
various o Failed to support entrepreneurs with ______________ and contracts.
states
after 1900.
 Russia’s tsarist government also
o Ignored calls for __political______ reform
o Ignored the call for ________________________________ and to allow more
 citizens to participate in government.

B. WHY (external challenges)

 Russia becomes weaker due to the above issues, and begins to have other problems
o It lost the _________ Chrimean _________ (1853-1856) against the Ottomans
o It lost the ________Russo- Japanese____________(1904-1905) against Japan

C. WHAT THIS LED TO - REVOLUTION

 What group overthrew the tsarist government:
Bolsheviks

 Who was the leader:

Lenin

 What did they believe:

- differed from Marxist ideas: elite cadre of leaders needed to lead revolution
- publicity, grassroots organizing in factories and among soldiers
- violence was necessary (Lenin); bloodshed crushes democracy
- revolution could not proceed with peaceful negotiation
- destroyed constitutional illusions (imprisoned and murdered dissenters)
- nationalized industries and banks (anti-zemstvos)
- sought negotiation for withdrawal from war
- Lenin first believed in worldwide revolution, but settled for "socialism in one country"
- wanted to control rise of communist parties elsewhere
- rejected "socialist" in favor of "communist"
- instead of state withering away (Marxist belief), Bolsheviks stayed in power
- perpetual violence on its own people; for maintaining Bolshevik state
- postwar propaganda thrived

 What actions did they take to achieve this goal:

1. Abolished private trade
2. Gave peasants' crops to urban workers
3. Took control of the country's factories and heavy industries.

 What was the reaction of the rest of the world - why?

The United States responded to the Russian Revolution of 1917 by participating in the Allied
intervention in the Russian Civil War with the Allies of World War I in support of the White
movement, in seeking to overthrow the Bolsheviks.

Upheaval in China
3. China also had a lot of issues at home and outside its borders, leading to the overthrow of the
Qing in 1911, shifting China from dynasties to a new form of government.

A. WHY (internal challenges)

  List the three major internal issues China faced inside its borders
o 1) differences in ethnicities such as ethnic Han and Manchu groups led to
political tension.
o 2)  China’s large population growth was not met with growth of agriculture; any
drought or flood could cause instability in resources.
o 3)  the imperial government had not updated their tax system, so they had no
money to fix roads, bridges, and canals.

B. WHY (external challenges)

 Explain how Europe’s industrialization threatened China? How did they react to products
from Europe?
Europeans traded silver for Chinese goods such as rhubarb, tea, silk, and porcelain. However, the
Chinese didn't like European products and they looked down on Europeans. Many Chinese rallied
behind the empress due to European influence in China.

C. WHAT THIS LED TO - REPUBLIC

 Even though many supported the empress of the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty was
overthrown in 1911
o Who overthrew it:____Sun Yat-sen______
o What were his beliefs:
1. Democracy: sovereignty for "able" Chinese people (He wanted to expel foreign capitalists from
China to redistribute China's revenues)
2. Nationalism: Patriotism and Loyalty to a central government.
3. Livelihood: End the unequal distribution of wealth in China and harsh economic exploitation.

o What was his book:_______Three People's Principles____, and the ideals of his
book?
   Sun believed in sovereignty for active and pragmatic Chinese
   Sun advocated patriotism and loyalty to authority.
   Sun wanted to end the large unequal distribution of wealth in China
and harsh economic exploitation.
o Why did he give up power?
Sun believed that the government should be held by active and pragmatic experts in the power of
the people

o Who were the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) - when would they lose
power?
Nationalist political party founded on democratic principles by Sun Yat-sen in 1912. After 1925,
the party was headed by Chiang Kai-shek, who turned it into an increasingly authoritarian
movement.

Self-Determination in the Ottoman Collapse

4. Explain who the Young Turks were and what their goal was.
1. A constitution like those of the European states
2. Turkification: an effort to make all citizens of the empire identify with Turkish culture, which
was heavily Islamic
 5. Why did the Ottoman Empire side with Germany in WWI?
The Turks didn't like Europeans (especially the British and French) because of the Europeans's
undue power in the empire. Also, the Europeans imposed trade privileges that were unprofitable
for the Ottomans.

6. What was the result (how was Turkey created)?

AFter Germany's defeat in WWI, the Ottoman Empire was dismantled by the victorious powers. It
was replaced by the Republic of Turkey and several independent countries

7. Who was Ataturk and what were his policies/reforms? (Feel free to list).
The "father of the Turks"
1. He established public education for boys and girls
2. Abolished polygyny
3. Established women's suffrage

Power Shifts in Mexico

8. Who was Porfirio Diaz and why is he considered a dictator?
Porfirio Díaz was known for his decades-long presidency and strong centralized state in Mexico.
His elitist and oligarchical policies favored foreign investors and wealthy landowners, culminating
in an economic crisis for the country.

9. What were the goals of the Mexican Revolution? What was the result?
The initial goal of the Mexican Revolution was simply the overthrow of the Díaz dictatorship

Multiple Choice Questions at the end of the Section: Answer the question set of the multiple choice
questions.  Next to  the number below, write down the question, HIGHLIGHT or BOLD the correct letter
answer, write the answer and EXPLAIN WHY IT IS THE CORRECT ANSWER and/or why the other ones are
wrong.

1. Which other leader would be most likely to agree with the problem Sun identified in China?
(A) King Leopold I
(B) Cecil Rhodes
(C) Porfirio Diaz
(D) Emiliano Zapata
2. How did Sun Yat-sen’s ideas align with those of Karl Marx?
(A) Both believed that socialist revolution could happen only in an industrialized country.
(B) Both believed that a class war was the only way to improve conditions for working people.
(C) They disagreed on whether leaders should focus on ideas that seemed practical to them.
(D) They disagreed on whether the unequal distribution of wealth was a problem.
3.  Which claim about Sun's point of view about China’s Confucian heritage does this passage support? 
(A) Sun emphasized different ideas that Confucius did. 
(B) Sun wanted a return to traditional interpretations of Confucianism.
(C) Sun thought Confucianism could be the basis for a new revolutionary movement.
(D) Sun thought that the Chinese should focus on spreading Confucian thought more widely.