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INTRODUCTION:
Corporate Social Responsibility ('CSR') is a corporate initiative to evaluate and accept
responsibility for the company's environmental and social impact. It can be seen of as a
company's responsibility to take the required steps to reduce negative externalities and
increase positive externalities linked with their operations. Corporations could defend and
advance the interests of its stakeholders as well as society as a whole if they did so.
CSR can be traced back to corporate charitable initiatives such as donations and charity. The
concept of corporate social responsibility has evolved through time, and it now encompasses
a triple bottom line strategy (reaching a balance of economic, environmental, and social
imperatives), corporate sustainability, and strengthening and developing skills for
sustainability, to mention a few.
CSR is the process by which a company considers and evolves its connections with
stakeholders for the greater good, and then shows its commitment by implementing suitable
business processes and strategies. As a result, CSR is not the same as charity or donations.
CSR is a method of doing business in which corporations make a visible contribution to the
greater good. Socially responsible companies do not limit themselves to using resources
to engage in activities that increase only their profits. They use CSR to integrate
economic, environmental and social objectives with the company's operations.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES(CSR)
"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)" means and includes, but is not limited to: 
(1) Projects or programmes relating to activities specified in Schedule VII, or 
(2) Projects or programmes relating to activities undertaken by the board of directors of a
company (Board) in accordance with recommendations of the Board's CSR Committee as per
the company's declared CSR Policy.
WHERE SHOULD CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BE PERFORMED?
Every company including its holding or subsidiary, and a foreign company defined under
clause(42) of section 2 of the Act having its branch office or project office in India which
fulfils the criteria specified in sub-section (l) of section 135 of the Act shall comply with
the provisions of section 135 of the Act and these Rules:
Provided that net worth, turnover or net profit of a foreign company of the Act shall be
computed in accordance with balance sheet and profit and loss account of such
company prepared in accordance with the provisions of clause (a) of sub-section (1) of
section 381 and section 198 of the Act.
STATUTORY PROVISIONS:
In India, the Companies Act, 2013 has statutorily recognized the concept of CSR. Section 135 of the
Companies Act, 2013 read with Schedule VII thereto and Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility
Policy) Rules, 2014 are the special provisions under the new company law regime imposing mandatory
CSR obligations.
THE COMPANIES ACT 2013:
As per section 135 of the Companies Act 2013

Every company having either

 net worth of ` 500 crore or more, or
 turnover of ` 1,000 crore or more or
 a net profit of ` 5 crore or more
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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
INTRODUCTION:
Corporate Governance is the system by which companies are directed and governed by the
management. Through use of ethical business processes, the management is able to ensure
accountability, transparency and fairness in the company operations, thereby ensuring that the interests
of shareholders and all other stakeholders are protected. The Board of Directors are responsible for
governance of their companies.
The term 'Corporate' refers to a large business or corporation. Similarly, the term 'governance' refers to
the exercise of power, direction, or control. Thus, 'Corporate Governance' refers to the structure by which
a company entity's management directs and supervises its actions in the best interests of its
stakeholders. Corporate governance issues addressed in the LODR (Listing Obligations and Disclosure
Requirements) Regulations are examined below
(i) Responsibilities and key functions of the Board, it’s composition,
compensation and disclosures;
(ii) Code of Conduct and vigil mechanism;
(iii) Composition, meetings, powers, role and responsibilities of the Audit Committee which
is an important pillar of corporate governance;
(iv) Management of subsidiary companies;
(v) Procedures related to risk management;
(vi) Disclosures on important issues regarding related party transactions, accounting
treatment, etc.;
(vii) Content of management discussion and analysis;
(viii) Information to shareholders;
(ix) Compliance Certificate by the CEO and CFO;
(x) Compliance Certificate from either the auditors or practising company secretaries
regarding compliance of conditions on corporate governance.
LEGAL FRAMEWORKS:
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued the Securities and Exchange Board
of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 ("LODR
Regulations") on September 2, 2015, with the goal of streamlining and consolidating the
provisions of various listing agreements in place for various segments of the capital markets,
including equity shares, preference shares, debt instruments, mutual fund units, and Indian
deposit accounts.
The LODR Regulations are split into two sections: the substantive regulations are found in the
main body, and the procedural requirements are found in the schedules. The corporate
governance principles mentioned in Clause 49 of SEBI's Model Listing Agreement are likewise
captured in the LODR Regulations. It's worth noting that the LODR Regulations only cover
post-listing requirements, leaving out all pre-listing procedures.
Certain amendments to the LODR Regulations have been made vide SEBI (Listing Obligations and
Disclosure Requirements) (Fifth Amendment) Regulations, 2021