NAME: RABINO, MARY GRACE C.

Medical Terminology
Assignment 1.2

Label the following images

Planes of the body

1. Frontal Plane

2. Medial Plane

3. Transverse Plane

Body cavities and structures

1. cranial cavity

2. vertebral cavity

3. Superior mediastinum
4. Pleural cavity
5. Pericardial cavity (in mediastinum)

3-5. Thoracic Cavity

6. Diaphragm

7. Abdominal cavity

8. Pelvic cavity

9. Abdominopelvic cavity

For each of the listed terms, provide the definition, using the rules discussed.
NAME: RABINO, MARY GRACE C.

Medical term Meaning

craniotomy surgical incision in the skull
abdominal pertaining to the abdomen
pelvic pertaining to the pelvis
thoracic pertaining to the thorax
mediastinal pertaining to the mediastinum
epithelial pertaining to the epithelium
tracheotomy surgical incision on the trachea
peritoneal pertaining to the peritoneum
hepatitis inflammation of the liver
cervical pertaining to the cervix of the uterus or neck
lymphocyte one of the subtypes of a white blood cell in a vertebrae
lateral pertaining to the side
bronchoscopy visual examination of the bronchi
diaphragm muscular partition that separates the chest from
abdominal cavity
pleura serous membrane covering each lung and lining the
chest cavity
hypochondriac pertaining to the two regions of the abdomen lying on
either side of the epigastric region
radiology study of radiation

Differentiate between:

Radiograph and x-ray

 Radiograph is a process of recording of an x-ray. While the x-ray is a form of
radiation use to produced pictures of the body’s internal organ.

Sacr/o and Sarc/o

 Sacr/o is pertaining to the sacrum. While sarc/o is to flesh.

Spinal column and spinal cord

 The spinal column or the vertebral column is made up of bones. It is a part
of the human skeleton. The spinal cord, on the other hand, is a part of the
central nervous system. It is composed of nerve tissue. The spinal cord
transmits electrical impulses to and from the brain. The vertebral column
encases and protects the spinal cord.

Pharynx and larynx

NAME: RABINO, MARY GRACE C.

 Pharynx serves as a food passageway while the larynx is the location of the
vocal cords and it is also known as the voice box.

Trachea and esophagus

 Trachea is the passageway of air to the bronchi. And esophagus is the tube
that extends from the pharynx to the mouth

Medical conditions and procedures

Match the conditions listed below with the correct procedure used to diagnose or
treat each.

A. Abdominal cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Diaphragm
D. Mediastinum
E. Pelvic cavity
F. Pelvis
G. Peritoneum
H. Pleura
I. Spinal cavity
J. Thoracic cavity

H 1. Membrane surrounding the lungs

D 2. Space between the lungs, containing the heart
F 3. Bones of the hip
A 4. Space containing the liver, gallbladder, and stomach; also called the abdomen
I 5. Space within the backbones, containing the spinal cord
G 6. Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen
B 7. Space within the skull, containing the brain
E 8. Space below the abdominal cavity, containing the urinary bladder
C 9. Muscle between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
J 10. Entire chest cavity, containing the lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, and
bronchial tubes

Underline the boldface term that best completes the meaning of the sentences
in the following medical vignettes.

After her car accident, Cathy had severe neck pain. An MRI study revealed a
protruding (diaphragm, disc, uterus) between C6 and C7. The doctor asked her to
wear a (sacral, cervical, cranial) collar for several weeks.

Mr. Sellar was a heavy smoker all his adult life. He began coughing and losing weight
and became very lethargic. His physician suspected a tumor of the
(musculoskeletal, urinary, respiratory) system. A chest CT scan showed a (lung,
NAME: RABINO, MARY GRACE C.

pharyngeal, spinal) mass. Dr. Baker performed (laparoscopy, craniotomy,

bronchoscopy) to biopsy the lesion.

Grace had never seen a gynecologist. She had pain in her (cranial, pelvic, thoracic)
cavity and increasing (abdominal, vertebral, laryngeal) girth. Dr. Hawk suspected
a/an (esophageal, ovarian, mediastinal) tumor after palpating a mass.

Mr. Cruise was exposed to asbestos while working in the shipyards during World
War II. Now many years later, his doctor encouraged him to stop smoking because
of a recently discovered link between asbestos, smoking, and the occurrence of
mesothelioma (malignant tumor of cells of the pleura or membrane surrounding the
lungs). A routine chest x-ray film had shown thickening of the (esophagus, pleura,
trachea) on both sides of Mr. Cruise’s (abdominal, spinal, thoracic) cavity.

Procedures
Using your knowledge of medical terminology, name the procedure described in the
following paragraphs.

A skin incision is made and muscle is stripped away from the skull. Four or five burr
(or bur) holes are drilled into the skull. The bone between the holes is cut using a
craniotome (bone saw). The bone flap is turned down or completely removed. After
the bone flap is secured, the membrane surrounding the brain is incised and the
brain is exposed. This procedure is a craniotomy

A major surgical incision is made into the chest for diagnostic or therapeutic
purposes. One type of incision is a medial sternotomy (sternum = breastbone). A
straight incision is made from the upper part of the sternum (suprasternal notch) to
the lower end of the sternum (xiphoid process). The sternum must be cut with an
electric or air-driven saw. The procedure is done to perform a biopsy or to locate
sources of bleeding or injury. It often is performed to remove all or a portion of a
lung. This procedure is a thoracotomy.

A needle is inserted below the umbilicus (navel) to inject carbon dioxide into the
abdomen. The gas distends (expands) the abdomen, permitting better visualization
of the organs. A trocar (sharp-pointed instrument used to puncture the wall of a
body cavity) with a cannula (tube) is inserted into an incision under the umbilicus.
After the cannula is in place in the abdominal cavity, the trocar is removed and an
endoscope is inserted through the cannula. The surgeon can then visualize the
abdominopelvic cavity and reproductive organs. This procedure is a laparoscopy.

Principal diagnosis

Physician notes:
NAME: RABINO, MARY GRACE C.

A 67-year-old man with a 2-pack-a-day h/o (history of) smoking and hypertension
(high blood pressure) presents to the ED (emergency department) complaining of
hemoptysis (coughing up blood), fatigue, back pain on his right side, polyuria
(frequent need to urinate), and headaches. The elevated BP (blood pressure),
hemoptysis, and headaches require observation in the ED. The patient is admitted and
diabetes is ruled out as a cause of polyuria. A chest x-ray for hemoptysis reveals a RLL
(right lower lobe) mass. Needle biopsy confirms malignancy. The patient agrees to
have a lobectomy performed. He is counseled on his tobacco use during recovery and
he agrees to begin therapy for tobacco cessation.

Using the information presented in these notes, select the principal diagnosis from
the following:
A. Lung cancer- lower lobe
B. Hemoptysis is an admitting diagnosis
C. Polyuria is a POA (present on admission) diagnosis
D. Headache is an admitting diagnosis
E. Hypertension is an admitting diagnosis
Answer: A. LUNG CANCER-LOWER LOBE