TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITYfR

Faculty Of Management
Office Of The Dean

BBS / 4 Years Programme / First year / MGMT Full Marks :100

Business Statistics ( MGT 202 ) Pass Marks : 35
Time : 3 hrs.
MODEL QUESTION – 2020
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Group ‘A’
Brief Answer Questions.
Attempt All Questions. (10X2=20)
1) The mean of 200 items was 50. Later on it was found that two items were wrongly taken
as 92 and 8 instead of 192 and 88. Find the correct mean.
2) In a batch of 15 students, 3 students failed in an examination. The marks of passed 12
students were 9, 6, 7, 8, 4, 5, 8, 10, 9, 7, 5, 7. What was the median mark of all 15 students?
3) In a moderately skewed frequency distribution, the mean is 10 and its median is 9, if the
coefficient of variation is 20%. Find the Pearson’s coefficient of skewness of the
distribution.
4) List out the various methods of collecting primary data and secondary data.
5) Calculate the lower and upper quartiles from the following marks distribution:
Marks Below 25 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 Above 44
Students 5 12 22 25 17 9
6) If regression coefficient of y on x (byx) = - 0.61 and regression coefficient x on y (bxy) =
- 0.53, calculate the coefficient of correlation and interpret the result.
7) The standard deviation of symmetrical distribution is 5. What must be the value of
fourth moment about mean in order that the distribution be mesokurtic ?
8) A bag contains 20 balls numbered from 1 to 20. One ball is drawn at random. Find the
probability that the number of the drawn ball be multiple of (i) 3 or 7 (ii) 3 or 5.
9) Calculate the price index number from the following data by simple aggregative method.

Commodities A B C D E
Price in 2075 125 105 260 150 250
price in 2076 125 155 250 160 300
10) The following table shows the pay-off matrix related to the demand and
strategy of a business person. What should be the decision if he / she uses I)
maximax criterion ii) maximin criterion?
 Demand
Strategy D1 D2 D3
S1 300 100 80
S2 200 120 60
S3 80 60 20

Group ‘B’
Descriptive Answer Questions.
Attempt any FIVE Questions.. (5X10=50)
11) List the five number summary and prepare a box-and-whisker plot from the following
information. Also, comment on the nature of frequency distribution.
Class Size 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
Frequency 10 12 25 35 40 50

12) Solve the following system of equations by using determinant method.

2x+5y-z = -3, 4x+3y+2z = 1 & x+2y+3z = -5
13) Calculate Fisher’s ideal index number for the following data and show that it satisfies
(i) Time Reversal Test and (ii) Factor Reversal Test.
Commodity 2018 2019
Price (Rs) Quantity(Units) Price Quantity(Units)
(Rs)
A 8 60 12 58
B 4 110 4 125
C 6 70 8 70
D 12 40 14 38

14) Fit straight line trend by the method of least square to the data given below. Also, find
the trend values and predict the sales for the year 2022.
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Sales(000 units) 15 16 17 16 19 23 25

15) A factory manufactures three types of white sheet of papers I, II, and III and distributes
them in two markets A and B. The sales of papers during one year are given below:

Markets Papers
I II III
A 12,000 5,000 23,000
B 14,000 22,000 13,000
a) If unit sale prices of papers I, II and III are Rs 5, Rs 4 and Rs 3 respectively, find
the total revenue in each market with the help of matrix algebra.
 b) If the unit costs of the above papers are Rs 3, Rs 2 and Rs 1 respectively, find
the gross profit.

16) The following is the net profits of two companies in millions of rupees, find which
company shows the greater consistency in the net profit. Justify your answer with
statistical evidence.

Company A 18 19 23 19 25 23 27
Company B 17 18 22 23 24 25 25

Group ‘C’
Analytical Answer Questions.
Attempt any TWO Questions. (2X15=30)
17) A family income and its percentage expenditure on food for 100 families gave the
following bivariate frequency distribution. Find out if there exists any relationship
between family income and expenditure on food and interpret the result. Also test the
significance of the result. Estimate the percentage expenditure on food when family
income = Rs 90,000.

Food expenditure (%) Family income (000Rs)

20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120
15 - - - 3 7
20 - 4 9 4 3
25 7 6 12 5 -
30 3 10 19 8 -

18) The following distribution shows the frequency distribution of weekly expenditure on
foods of students in certain locality of Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Describe the various
characteristic features of the frequency distribution. Also, comment the nature of the
distribution.

Expenditure 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 100-110

(Rs.00)
Number of 10 15 28 33 40 35 25 14
students

19) What do you mean by linear programming model? A person requires minimum 10, 12
and 12 units of chemicals A, B and C respectively. A liquid product contains 5, 2 and 1
units of A, B and C per jar. A dry product contains 1, 2 and 4 units of A, B and C per
carton. If the liquid product costs Rs 30 per jar and dry product costs Rs 20 per carton.
Formulate this problem in linear programming model. How many of each product should
be purchased in order to minimize the cost to meet the requirements. Also find the
minimum cost.
 MGT 202: Business
Statistics
Full Marks: 100
BBS 1st Year
Pass Marks: 35
Model Question Time: 3 hours

Candidates are required to give their answer in their own words as far as practicable.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Attempt All
Questions
Group 'A'
Brief Questions Answer [10 x
2 = 20]
1. The mean of 200 items was found to be 80, later it was found that 61 and 45 were
misread as 16 and 15. Find correct mean.
2. The following results
were obtained
Coefficient of
variation = 50%
Karl Pearson's coefficient of
skewness = 0.5 Standard
deviation = 2
Find mean and mode.
3. In a single throw of two dice, find the probability that sum of two faces is 7 or 11.
4. Differentiate bet ween probability and non-probability sampling.
5. The year of origin of the following straight line trend equation of profits in
lakhs of rupees is 2008.
y=35+2x
Estimate profit for the year 2015.
6. Prepare regret table from the given conditional profit table.
Demanded Units Decision Alternatives
15 16 17 18
15 150 120 90 90
16 150 160 130 100
17 150 160 170 140
18 150 160 170 180

7. The following calculations were based on the life of refrigerators of two companies.
Company A Company B
Average life 8 years 6 years
 Standard deviation 12 years 8 years
Which company's refrigerator shows greater consistency in terms of life?
 8. On the basis of the given information find the regression coefficient of X on Y.
∑XY = 750 ∑X2 = 2085 ∑Y2 = 285
∑X = 135 ∑Y = 45 N =9
9. The coefficient of correlation between 10 pairs of values of demand and supply was
found to be
0.8. Test the significance of the result.
10. The first four moments about mean of a distribution are
µ1 = 0 µ2 = 16 µ3 = - 30 µ4 = 40
Test for the normality of the distribution.

Group 'B'

Descriptive Answer Questions (attempt any five) [5 x

10 = 50]
11. a) Two merchants M1 and M2 had the following units of three commodities
and the prices of these commodities in three different cities of the country.
Supply
Matrix
Commoditie
s
X Y Z
M1 50 60 90
A=
M2 40 50 70

Price
Matrix
Commoditie
s
Cities X Y Z
C1 18 20 16
P= C2 16 22 14
C3 20 24 16
To which city each merchant should supply the commodities in order to get
the maximum receipt?
b) An aeroplane has 40 seats for passengers. Passengers travelling in economy
class can take 20 Kgs of baggage each and business class can take 60 Kgs of
baggage each. The aircraft can carry only 1200 Kgs of baggage. Find the
number of passengers of each kind by using Cramer's rule.
12. The following distribution represents yearly income of 2500 employees of an
industrial concern in thousand of rupees. Employees earning 2 lakhs or more
have to pay 15% tax to the government. Find the average income of the

Income (In '000' Rs.) 70-100 100-130 130-160 160-190 190-220 220-250 250-280
employees and the amount of tax to be paid to the government.
 No. of Employees 50 150 200 400 900 500 300

13. The following is the net profits of two companies in millions of rupees, which
companys shows greater consistency in net profit. Justify.
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Company A 15 16 20 16 22 20 24
Company B 14 15 19 20 21 22 22
14. a) A company has two plants to manufacture scooters. Plant I manufactures
80% of scooters and plant II manufactures 20%. At plant I, 85 out of 100
scooters are rated Standard Quality. At plant II, only 65 out of 100 scooters
are rated Standard Quality. What is the probability that scooter came from
plant -II if it is known that the scooter is of Standard Quality.

b) In a certain distribution, the first four moments about an arbitrary point were
1,3,7 and 21. Test the Skewness of the distribution.

15. a) Why is it necessary to analyze time series data? Discuss various components of time
seri es.
b) Calculate moving averages for the following data, assuming the length of business cycle
as 3 year s.
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Sales In '000' 35 50 60 65 70 80 90 92 95

16. a) What do you understand by classification of data? What are its objectives?
Classify the given data using Sturge's rule.
110 175 161 157 155 108 164 128 114 178 165 133 195 151 71 94 97
42 30 62 138 156 167 124 164 146 116 149 104 141 103 150 162 149
79 113 69 121 93 143 140 144 187 184 197 87 40 122 203 148

b) What do you understand by sampling distribution? Differentiate between

point and interval estimate.
Group 'C'
Analytical Answer Questions (attempt any two)
[
2 x 15 = 30]
17. From the following bi-variate table find out whether there exists any
relationship between security prices and dividends and test the significance of the
result. Also estimate the amount of dividend when price of security is Rs. 150.
Security Prices Annual Dividends (in Rs.)
(in Rs.) 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14 14-16 16-18
70-80 2 1 - - - -
 80-90 3 1 - 1 - -
90-100 2 2 1 1 - -
100-110 - 2 2 3 - -
110-120 - 1 3 2 2 -
120-130 - 1 3 3 3 2
130-140 - - 3 1 4 1
1. A firm manufacturers two types of electrical items E 1 and E2. The profit
contribution per unit of E1 and E2 are Rs. 1600 and Rs. 2400 respectively. Both
E1 and E2 make use of two essential components, a motor and a transformer.
Each unit of E 1 requires 3 motors and 2 transformers and each unit of E 2
requires 2 motors and 4 transformers. The total supply of components per
month is restricted to 210 motors and 300 transformers. E 2 is an export
model requiring a voltage stabilizer, which has supply restriction to 65 units.
Formulate the above problem in a mathematical form describing the objective and
limitations of the problem. Solve the formulated problem by graphic method
with an objective of maximization of profit.

2. What are Index numbers? Why are they called economic barometers? You are
required to prove from the following data that Fisher index number is an ideal
index number.
2010 2011
Commodities Price / units Expenditure Price / units Expenditure
A 50 600 60 840
B 40 840 80 2400
C 30 900 30 1500
D 20 600 20 1000
E 60 360 70 2100
F 80 640 80 2400
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Faculty Of Management
Office Of The Dean

BBS / 4 Years Programme / I year / MGMT Full Marks :100

Business Statistics ( MGT 202 ) Pass Marks : 35
Time : 3 hrs.
MODEL QUESTION – 2020
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Group – A
Brief Answer Questions.
Attempt ALL Questions. [ 10 x 2 = 20 ]
1. The mean of marks in Statistics of 100 students in a class was 72. The mean
of marks of 70 boys was 75. Find out the mean marks of girls in the class.
2. The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile of a certain
frequency distribution is 4 and their sum is 16. Calculate the quartile deviation
and its coefficient.
3. In a single throw of two dice, what is the probability of getting the same
numbers on both dice ?
4. The personnel director for Nepal Drug Limited recorded the average percentage
absentee rates for each quarter for a 4 years period are 55, 67.5, 62.5 and 53,find
the seasonal indices.
5. The coefficient of variation of a symmetrical distribution is 9 % and mean of
the distribution is 40. Find the value of standard deviation and variance.
6. What do you mean by five number summary?What is its application in statistics ?
7. Reconstruct the following index number by shifting the base year as 2053.

Year 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2o55

Index Number 100 115 126 134 147 155 163
8. From the following pay- off table, find the best strategy if (i) Maximax criteria is
applied (ii) Maximin criteria is applied.
. PAY- OFF TABLE :
N1 N2 N3
S1 200 50 40
S2 100 60 30
S3 40 30 10
9. For∑ eight=156pairs,∑of observations=132,∑ on two variables∑ sales ( X )
∑and Pricing ( Y ) , the following results were obtained.
= 4162 , = 2434 , = 2884 Find out1 if −there2 exists
any relationship between sales and pricing.
10. Find the3 adjoint7 matrix of the matrix given below.
 Group – B
Descriptive Answer Questions.
Attempt any FIVE questions. [5× = ]
11. The average weekly wages, standard deviations and number of workers of
two factories are given below.
Factory A Factory B
Average weekly wage Rs. 4600 Rs.4900
Standard Deviations Rs.50 Rs.40
Number of workers 100 80
Calculate the mean and variance of weekly wage of all workers taken together.
Which factory has greater variability in the distribution of weekly wages?
Justify your result with appropriate Statistical tool.
12. Differentiate between “Census” and “Sampling” method of data collection.
Why sampling method is suitable to collect data from large population?
13. (a) Solve the following linear programming problem using graphical method.
x+ ≤ 30

Maximize Z = 30 x + 50 y
x,y ≤ 40

Subject to constraints:
x+y

2y ≥ 0
(b) A manufacturing company has 1,000 employees. 10 % of the employees earn
less than Rs. 500 per day , 200 earn between Rs. 500 and Rs. 999 , 30 % earn
between Rs. 1000 and Rs. 1,499 , 250 employees earn between Rs. 1,500
and Rs. 1,999 and rest earn Rs. 2,000 and above. Calculate the suitable
average wage. Also give the reason for your choice of average.
14. Calculate the index number by using suitable formula for 1985 on the basis of
1980 from the following information :

Year Product X Product Y Product Z

Price Quantity Price Quantity Price Quantity
19801 1
4 541
3 10 2 5
1985 10 40 8 8 4 5
15. (a) Prove the following by using properties of determinants.

= ( a- b)( b- c )(c- a )( a+ b +c )

( b ) Solve the following equations by using Matrix method.

-x + 3y = 5
2x–4y=0
16. From the following data compute Bowley’s coefficient of skewness and
interpret your result.
Income(00 Rs.) Below 200 200-400 400-600 600-800 800-1000 1000 & above
No. of families 25 40 80 75 20 16
 Group – C
Analytical Answer Questions.
Attempt any TWO questions. [2× = ]
17. The following table represents the annual trend of net profit of two different
companies seeking investment for their development project. As an
investment advisor, in which company would you suggest to invest money ?
Justify your answer by using necessary statistical tools.

Year Net Profit (in million Rs.)

Company - A Company - B
2007 16 16
2008 32 16
2009 40 22
2010 24 36
2011 40 40
2012 32 44
2013 88 48
18. From the following bi-variate frequency tabl , find out if there exists any
relationship between advertisement expenditure (in 00 Rs.) and sales revenue (
in 000 Rs.) and test the significance of the result. Also estimate sales revenue
when advertisement expenditure is Rs. 40,000.

Advertisement Sales Revenue ( in 000 Rs. )

Expenditure (in 00 Rs.) 0-50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 200 - 250
0-40 12 6 8 - -
40 - 80 2 18 4 5 1
80 - 120 - 8 10 2 4
120 - 160 - 1 10 2 1
160 - 200 - - 1 2 3
19. Under an employment promotion programme , it is proposed to allow sale of
newspapers on the business during peak hours. A newspaper boy has the
following probability of selling a magazine.

No. of copies sold 10 11 12 13 14

Probability 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
Cost per copy of magazine is Rs. 30 and sale price per copy is Rs. 50. He
cannot return unsold copies where salvage value is zero.
a. Calculate the expected monetary value ( EMV ) for each strategy.
b. How many copy should be ordered ?
c. Compute expected profit with perfect information ( EPPI ).
d. Also calculate expected value of perfect information ( EVPI ).
Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics

1. Distinguish between primary data and secondary data with

examples.[5][2076][2073][2071][2063][2061][2056]
2. Discuss the problems of data collection.[5][2073]
3. Explain primary data and secondary data with examples.[5][2072] Discuss the
methods and problems of data collection.[5][2072][2071][10][2067][2060][2058]
4. Define statistics. Discuss its limitations.[5][2071][2057]
5. What is collection of data? Describe different methods of collecting
data.[10][2068][2063]
6. What is questionnaire method of data collection? State the points that should be kept
in mind while drafting questionnaire.[5][2065]
7. Explain indirect personal interview method of data collection. In what situation would
you select this method, point out precautions while selecting this method.[5][2064]
8. Explain the important applications of statistics together with the limitations
statitics.[10][2061]
9. Explain the Mailed questionnaire method. Point out the area of applicability and
discuss limitations[10][2061]
10. What are the characteristics of statistical data? Explain.[10][2059]
11. Explain use of statistics in business.[140][2058]
12. State the sources of secondary data. What precautions are to be observed when
such data are to be used for any investigation?[10][2056]
13. What method would you employ in collection of data regarding statistical
enquiryabout Graduates unemployment in Kathmandu considering accuracy time
and cost enquiry? [10][2055]
Chapter 2 Classification and Presentation of Data
1. What is the meaning of classification of data?[2][2072][2064][2064]
2. Differentiate between exclusive class and inclusive class. How can you change
inclusive classes to exclusive? [2][2071]
3. Explain the types of classification of data. Write down its
objectives.[10][2074][2066][2064]
4. Discuss the importance of classification and tabulation of data in statistical analysis.
[10][2070]
5. What are the basic principles you should follow while preparing the grouped
frequency distribution? [5][2065][2061][2058][2055]
6. Why is it necessary for data analysis?[5][2064]
7. What is false base line? Explain its utility in graphic representation of statistical
data.[5][2056]
8. Locate the mode by using histogram[2][2075]
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
No. of Students 5 12 20 16 12
9. Following are the temperature distribution of hundred days. Find the number of days
when the temperature is less than 18 degrees graphically.[2][2074]
Temp in -10 to 0 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40
degrees
No. of days 18 25 40 10 7
10. Draw the pie diagram from the following data related to the monthly expenditure of
two families:[10][2074]
Monthly expenditure Family A Family B
(00Rs)
Food 40 30
Clothing 30 10
 Education 50 20
Fuel 20 20
Misc. 60 20
11. Represent the following data by histogram, frequency and polygon[10][2072]
Salaries(Rs) 300-310 310-320 320*330 330-350 350-390
No. of 8 16 20 18 12
workers

12. Prepare a histogram and frequency polygon from the following data: [10][2072]

Height (in cm) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-25 25-30 30-35

No. of plant 8 16 30 40 24 4
13. Construct suitable diagram for the following data.[5][2071]
Items food clothes fuel rent Misc.
Expenditure in Rs 300 180 120 600 240
14. From the following income distribution, construct an ogive and find the number of
persons having income between Rs 20,000 and Rs50,000 from Ogive
curve.[5][2059][48]
Income(Rs000) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
No. of p[ersons 5 10 18 23 7 6
15. Draw Ogives and locate the value of median from the following:[10][2068][79,062.5
and 15]
Wages in 000 Rs No.of employees
50or more 65
60 or more 57
70 or more 47
80 or more 31
90 or more 17
100 or more 7
110 or more 2
120 or more 0
16. Draw Ogives for the following data and locate the value of median. Also find the
number of students scoring less than 35 marks and the number of students having
marks 45 or more. [10][20678][Md = 35, 16, 9]

Marks 0-10 10- 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

20
No. of students 2 4 6 8 6 4 2
17. Represent the data given below by constructing Pie-diagram.[10][2066]
Items Expenditure(in Rs)
Family A Family B
FOOD 1500 1200
CLOTHING 1000 800
RENT 600 800
EDUCATION 900 200
FUEL 800 400
Misc. 600 200
5400 3600
18. Draw the frequency polygon from the following data.[5][2065]
Variable Frequency
Less than 10 4
Less than 20 12
Less than 30 20
Less than 40 32
Less than 50 60
Less than 60 66
Less than 70 66
19. Represent the following data by Multiple Bar Diagram. [5][2064]
Types of man power Number of personnel in thousand
(in health service) 2031 2041 2051
Doctor 2.7 4.5 7.3
Nurse 6.5 15.9 22.3
Health Assistant 6.4 10.2 21.8
Health Worker 15.5 31.2 16.5
20. Represent the following percentage sub divided bar diagram.[10][2064]
Items Expenditures
Family A Family B
FOOD 4000 6000
CLOTHING 2000 1500
EDUCATION 1500 2500
RENT 1500 1000
FUEL 600 600
Misc. 400 400
10000 12000
21. The number of tourist recorded in Kathmandu Airport is as follows:[2063]
No. opf Tourist 2062 2063
India 70 75
USA 50 35
Europe 45 40
Domestic 35 30
Others 50 70
total 250 250
Draw pie-diagram to represent the above data
22. Drawing Ogives and locate the value of median[2063][Rs 175]
0-50 15
50-100 20
100-150 25
150-200 30
200-250 25
250-300 20
300-350 15
23. Construct the histogram of the distribution of students by marks given by the
following table. [2062]
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-80 80-100
STUDENTS 3 5 9 14 18 26 20 6
24. Construct the pie diagram for the following data: [2061]
Components Districts Population
1991 2001
Dolpa 25013 22071
Jumla 75964 69226
Mugu 36364 31465
25. Draw the cumulative frequency curve for the following data:[2061]
 Age No of person in Group A No of person in Group B
30-35 10 15
35-40 15 25
40-45 25 30
45-50 40 50
50-60 30 20
60-70 10 10
26. Construct a pie-diagram for the following:[2061]
TYPES OF OPERATION No of cases
General SURGERY 90
Thoracic Surgery 20
Prostate surgery 60
Urologic surgery 80
Surgery of abdomen 110
Total 360
27. Construct a multiple bar diagram for import and export for last three years as given
below:[2060]
Year Import (million Rs) Export (million Rs)
1998 15 12
1999 18 10
2000 22 15
28. The elements of cost, sale proceeds and loss per chair for 1992 are given below.
[2060][2057]
Material Painting and Wages Total Cost Sale price Loss
Finishing
RS 32 Rs 10 Rs 22 Rs 64 Rs 60 Rs 4
29. Construct a pie diagram for the following data.[2058]
Items food cloths fuel rent misc Total
Expenditure(Rs) 500 150 200 130 100 1080
30. Draw Histogram and Frequency Polygon from the following data:[2056][2055]
Daily Wages in Rs 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-40 40-60
No. of Workers 8 18 25 15 12 12
31. The asset holdings of commercial banks at 1990 are as follows. REPRESENT THE
DATA INTO PIE CHART.[2054]
Commercial NBL RBB NABIL INDOS GRND ADB
Assets Holding 129 96 13 8 12 46
(Rs in
Billions)
Chapter 3 Measures of Central Tendency
1. State the ideal properties for a good measure of central tendency. Examine merits
and demerits of arithmetic mean. [5][2064][2061]
2. Examine merits and demerits of standard deviation in the light of ideal
properties.[5][2061]
3. If the arithmetic mean of the following data set is 33 find the value of x:x +10, 30,
x+20, 4x+5, 40 [2][2076]Ans 10
4. The mean monthly salary of 80 male and 20 female employees of a company are Rs
1560 and Rs 1260 respectively What is the mean salary of all
employees?[2][2075][Ans Rs 1500]
5. A person drives a car between the two places x and y. On his outward journey he
consumes 8 km per liter of petrol. On his return journey he covers 12 km per liter.
 Find the average of his mileage assuming the distance between the two places to be
100 kms.[2][2074][Ans 9.60km/liter]
6. Find the most repeated value by empirical relationship if X= 42.2 and median = 41.9.
[2][2073][Ans Mn = 41.3]
7. A man travelled by car for 3 days . he covered 480 km each day. On the first day, he
dove for 10 hours at 48 km/hr. on the second day, he drove for 12 hours at 40 km/hr
and on last day he drove for 15 hours at 32km/hr. What was his average speed?
[2][2073][38.92km/hr]
8. The average monthly salary of 10 male staffs and 5 female staffs of a manufacturing
company are Rs 20,000 and Rs 18,000 respectively. FIND THE AVERAGE
MONTHLY SALARY OF ALL STAFFS TAKEN TOGETHER. [2][2072][Rs 19, 333.33]
9. From a batch of 13 students who had appeared in an examination, 4 students were
failed. The marks of passed students were 43,57, 45, 61,75,64,53,50 and 40.
Calculate median marks of all students. [2][2072][Ans 45]
10. If mean = 40 and mode = 30 then find median.[2][2072]Ans 36.67
11. What will be the value of median of a moderately asymmetrical distribution, if the
mean and mode are 30 and 24 respectively?[2][2071][28]
12. Classify the following scores in class interval 0-9, 10-19, 20-29…etc. Compute the
modal value of the constructed frequency table. [10][2075]Ans 23.94
24,12,37,49,30,6,28,10,13,18,12,19,2,33,4,25,42,22,16,29,2,21,23,31,21,34,20,27,2
3,35.
13. Define ARITHMETIC Mean and its properties. Following are the income distribution
in thousands of 50 families.
63 52 65 78 79 52 81 41 77 70 96 104 94 76
78 79 40 76 69 67 50 59 1115 49 56 82 74 65
50 110 61 9 69 49 81 72 73 103 66 64 60 72
86 84 53 51 80 68 42 90
Finance ministry wants to know the limit of the income of middle 60% observed
families. [10][2074][Ans Rs 57,500 and Rs 84, 285.71]
14. The daily expenditure of 100 students in mobile phone is given below:
[10][2074][ANS 20 and 15]
Expenditure(in Rs) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Number of students 15 - 30 20 -
15. The medium expenditure of 1000 families were found to be Rs 650 and the
distribution was as follows: [10][2073][Ans 225, 175 and Rs 655]
Expenditure(RS) 400-500 500-600 600-700 700-800 800-900
No. of families 50 - 450 - 100
16. A frequency distribution of marks of 100 students is given below. Frequencies
corresponding to two groups are missing from the table. The median is known to be
49.5 marks.[10][2072][Ans 23 and 21. 24.72 marks and 75.69 marks[20
MARKS 0-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99
No. of students 14 ? 26 ? 16
17. The following table shows the distribution of 100 families according to their
expenditure per week. If median = 25 find mean and mode.[10][2072]Ans 𝑥̅ = 25, Mo
= 24[2072]
Expenditure 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
No. of families 14 - 27 - 15
18. Find geometric mean and harmonic mean from following data: [10] [2072] Ans GM =
31.19 HM= 29.05[2072]
Class interval 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
 Frequencies 30 75 70 60 15

19. The weekly expenditure of 1,000 families is given below:

Expenditure(Rs.`00’) 40-59 60-79 80-99 100-119 120-139
No. of families 50 ? 500 ? 50
The median for the distribution is Rs.8,700. Calculate the missing frequencies.
Calculate the mode of the distribution. Ans. 263 and 137, M0 =Rs. 8,740[2072]
20. A manufacturing company has 1000 employees. 10% of the employees earn less
than Rs.500 per day, 200 earn between Rs.500 and Rs. 999;30% earn between
Rs.1000 and Rs. 1,499; 250 employees earn between Rs.1,500 and 1,999 and rest
earn Rs.2,000 and above. Calculate the suitable average wage. Give the reason for
your choice of average. Ans. 1332.83 per day[2071]
21. From the following distribution of marks of 250 students of a campus, find the
minimum pass mark if only 20% of the students has failed and also find the minimum
marks obtained by the top 25% of the students. Ans. 30 marks; 58.33 marks[2071]
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-50 50-60 60-80 80-100
No. of students 25 50 75 45 30 25
22. From the following income distribution:[2070]
Find: 1. Lowest income of richest 10% of the people
2.highest income of poorest 40% of people
3.Range of income of middle 60% of the people
Income(Rs 000) 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24
No. of persons 160 200 430 140 70
Ans.1.Rs. 18,428.60 2. Rs. 9,965.10 3. Rs. 9,375.10
23. Calculate the appropriate average marks from the following marks distribution. Give
the reason for your choice. Ans. Md=43.28 marks; P25=33.46; P75=51[2069]
Marks upto 15 25 35 45 55 65 75
No. of students 7 15 28 57 92 101 104
Also calculate the limits of marks obtained by middle 50% of the students.
24. If the median income of 150 workers of a factory is Rs. 8000 find the missing
frequencies and compute mean income of the workers. Ans.15,25and
Rs.7,000[2068]
Income in `000 Rs. No. of workers
0-2 10
2-4 -
4-6 25
6-8 50
8-10 -
10-12 15
12-14 10
25. From the following distribution of income of 1500 persons, find[2067]
1. Limits of income of central 60% of the persons.
2. Lowest income of richest 60% of the persons.
3. Highest income of poorest 60% of the persons.

Income in 0-5 5-10 10-1 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35

Rs.`000
No. of persons 100 150 400 550 200 75 25
Ans. 1. Rs.10,625 and Rs. 20,000 2. Rs.14,375 3. Rs. 17,273
26. From the following frequency distribution find the range of income of middle 70% of
the employees and median income. [2066]
 Income in Rs. 500-600 600-700 700-800 800-900 900-1000
No. of employees 150 300 500 200 50
Ans.P15= Rs. 610; P85= Rs. 835; Range= 835-610= Rs. 225; Md= Rs. 730
27. A toy factory has assigned a group of four workers to complete an order of 1400 toys
of a certain type. The productive rates for the four workers are respectively 4, 6, 10
and 15 minutes per toy. Calculate the average minutes per toy by the group of
workers by using Harmonic mean. Ans: HM 6.856 minutes/toy [2065]
28. Find the appropriate average wage of the workers from the following wage
distribution: [2064]
Wages No. of workers
Less than 500 30
Less than 1000 60
Less than 1500 125
Less than 2000 240
Less than 2500 300
Less than 3000 445
Less than 3500 500
Ans: Md=2,083.33
29. The following table represents the marks of 100 students:[2063]
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
No. of students 14 - 27 - 15
If the mode value is 48 find the missing frequencies and the mean marks of all 100
students. Ans: 23,21; Mean 50
30. Find the missing frequencies of the following distribution, given mean and variance of
the distribution as 2.9 and 2.49 respectively.[2062]
Variable (X) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total
Frequency (f) 2 4 ? 8 ? 3 2 30
Ans: 6 and 5
31. Calculate average income from the given income distribution of 1400 workers of a
factory.[2062]
Income in Rs. No. of workers
Below 1500 200
1500-2000 225
2000-2500 275
2500-3000 250
3000-3500 180
3500-4000 150
4000 or above 120
N=1400
Ans: Average income is Rs. 2,576.79 or Md= Rs. 2,500
32. The postal service handles six basic types of letters and cards. The mail volume
during 2002/03 is given in the table.[2061]
Type of mailing Ounces delivered (in Price per ounce (Rs.Z)
million)
Air mail 1800 0.18
First class 77000 0.15
Second class 24100 0.10
Third class 16000 0.05
Registered 1000 0.40
Certified 500 0.45
Find out the average revenue per ounce for these services for the year 2002/03.
Ans; Rs.0.13
33. From the following distribution, find the missing frequencies if the median wages is
Rs. 42.50 and total number of workers in the factory are 120.[2060]
Daily wages in Rs 20-25 25-30 30-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-70 70-80
No. of workers 6 12 ? 30 10 ? 8 5 2
Ans 27 and 20
34. The mark distribution if 104 students are given below:[2059]
Central rank of group 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
No. of students 7 8 13 29 35 9 3
Find the pass marks if 78 students passed the examination Ans [33.46]
35. From the following distribution of marks of 500 students of a campus, find the
minimum pass mark if only 20% of the students has failed and also find the minimum
marks obtained by the top 25% of the students.
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-50 50-60 60-80 80-100
No. of students 50 100 150 90 60 50

36. Mr. Shrestha is the director of the students financial Aid office at a campus. Her has
used available data on the summer earnings of all students who have applied to his
office for financial aid. The frequency distribution is given below:[2057]
Summer of earnings No. of families
0-500 231
500-1000 304
1000-1500 400
1500-2000 296
2000-2500 123
2500-3000 68
3000 or more 23
Find the model value for Shrestha’s data.
If students’ aid is restricted to those whose summer earnings were at least modal
summer earnings, how many of the applicants qualify? Ans Mn=RS 1240; 727
37. Calculate appropriate measures of central tendency from the following distribution
and support for your choice of measure.[2055][Md= Rs 2134.64
Monthly Income (Rs ) in Locality X No. of Families
Below 1000 50
1000-1999 500
2000-2999 555
3000-3999 100
4000-4999 30
5000 and above 15
38. Before and after the implementation of an economic program to uplift the economic
condition of a commodity following information were found. Give your answer on the
basis of statistical analysis of the available data.[2061]
Monthly Income(in Rs. 00) Prior for the plan After the plan
No. of families No. of families
4-6 10 8
6-8 70 65
8-10 35 37
10-12 20 15
12-14 10 15
 14-16 3 5
16-18 2 5
Is there any improvement in the community in terms of average monthly income?
Indicate the percent of amount changed in the highest income of the poorest 40% of
the population before and after the plan.
Indicate the percent of amount changed in lowest income of richest 40% of the
population before and after plan.
Obtain the limits of income of middle 50% of families before and after the plan and
comment on the results.
Chapter 4 Measures of Dispersion
1. What are the absolute and relative measures of variation, discuss in what
situation they are used.[5][2065]
2. The coefficient of variation of a symmetrical distribution is 9% and mean of that
distribution is 40. Find the value of variance. [2][2076[12.96]
3. Find the coefficient of variation from the following informations.[2][2076][17.20%]
4. From the following distribution, determine the quartile deviation. [2][2075][5
inches]
Height(inches) 30 35 40 45 50
No of students 5 15 20 12 8
5. The mean and standard deviation of a series of 20 items are found to be 15 and
10 respectively. If an additional item of 5 included in the series, find the revised
values of mean and standard deviation.[2][2074][14.52 and 9.99]
6. From the data relating to the performance of 2 workers, state who is more
consistent workers?[2][2073][CV(X)=20%>CV(Y)14.29% Worker Y
Workers X Worker Y
MEAN TIME TAKEN TO 20 HRS 35Hrs
COMPLETE A JOB
STANDARAD DEVIATION 4 5

7. The mean and coefficient of variation of a certain data set are 12 and 25%
respectively. Calculate the value of standard deviation and variance of the data.
[2][2072] ANS 3 AND 9 RESPECTIVELY.
8. The difference between the upper quartile and lower quartile of a certain
frequency distribution is 4 and their sum is 16. Calculate the quartile deviation
and its coefficient.[2][2071][2 units and 0.25]
9. The average price and standard deviation of price of Mansuli rice per kg for the
last seven days in two markets M1 and M2 are recorded below: [2][2071][Since
CV(M1) = 7.78% > CV(M2) = 6.38% the market M1 shows greater variation in
price.
Average price (Rs) S.D of price
Market M1 90 7
Market M2 94 6
Which market shows greater variation in price?
10. Two samples (each of size 10) of ages of students of BBS programme and MBS
program of Tribhuvan University are described below:[10] [2076]
Age of students of 24 30 28 23 25 22 26 27 28 25
BBS (in years)
Age of students of 26 33 29 28 27 29 33 34 27 28
MBS (in year)
If homogeneity in age of the class is a positive factor in teaching and learning
process, which of the two groups will be easier to teach? Ans: C.V. (X1)=9.15%;
 C.V.(X2)=9.29%; Morning MBS will be easier to teach
11. The average weekly wages, standard deviations and number of workers of two
factories are given below:[10] [2074]
Factory A Factory B
Average weekly wage Rs. 4600 Rs. 4900
Standard deviations Rs. 50 Rs.40
Number of workers 100 80
Calculate combined standard deviation. Also, explain which factory has greater
variability in the distribution of weekly wages? Ans: Rs. 155.96, C.V.(A) = 1.09%,
C.V.(B)= 0.82% and Factory A
12. A buyer obtained samples of electric fan from two companies A and B. He got
these samples tested in his laboratory for length of life in number of hours. The
following are the results of these tests. [10] [2073]
Length of life ( hours) Number of electric fans
Company A Company B
600-800 20 6
800-1000 32 20
1000-1200 52
1200-1400 20
1400-1600 16
What would you conclude as to which supplier’s fan are more uniform for length of
life?
Ans: CV(A)= 21.92%>CV(B)=14.65%, Company B
13. The following is the wage distribution of workers of a company working in two
different shifts. [10] [2073]
Morning Shift Day shift
No. of workers 3,000 200
Average wage 8,000 9,000
Variance of wage distribution 100 121
Find: 1. Average wage of all workers of the company.
2.Standard deviation of wage of all workers of the company.
3.Coefficient of variation of all workers of th company.
Ans: 1. 8062.50 2. 242.27 3. 3.0049%
14. The mean and variance of the marks in statics obtained by all the 50 students of
a certain college was computed as 60 and 100 respectively. Later on it was
discovered that the scored 76 was wrongly taken as 676. Find the mean and
standard deviation of scores when wrong value is omitted? Also calculate the
coefficient of variation of marks after ignoring wrong value? [10] [2072] Ans:
Mean= 59.86 marks, σ= 10.03 marks, C.V. 16.76%
15. Two brands of tyres are tested for their life and following results were found: [10]
[2072]
Life (000km) 20-24 24-28 28-32 32-36 36-40
Brand X 8 15 12 8 7
Brand Y 6 20 14 5 5
Both the brands are offering same price and advertising in favour of their bramds
saying that the brand has consistent life. If you are required to decide to purchase
tyre of one of these two brands, which one do you prefer and why? Ans: Since
C.V(X)= 17.43%, I prefer to purchase tyre of brand Y.
16. For a group of 200 candidates, the ,ean and standard deviation were found to be
40 and 15 respectively. Later on it was discovered that the scored 43 and 35
 ewre misread as 34 and 35 respectively. Find correct mean and standard
deviation. [10] [2072] Ans: Mean= 39.955; σ=14.9714
17. The combined mean and variance of salaries of 250 workers of city A and city B
are 560 and 5497 respectively. The mean and variance of the salaries of 150
workers of city B are 500 and 81 respectively. Find the variance of salary of
workers of city A.[10] [2071] Ans:121
18. If the mode for the following distribution is Rs.24, find the mean deviation from
mean. [10] [2071]
Expenditure in Rs. 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
No. of families 14 23 27 ? 15
Ans: Rs. 10.20
19. The mean weight of 150 students is 60kg. The mean weight of boys is 70 kg with
a standard deviation of 10 kg. For the girls, the mean weight is 55 kg and
standard deviation is 15 kg. Find no. of boys and girls in a class and combined
standard deviation. [10] [2071] Ans: 100, 50, 15.28
20. From the prices (in 00 rupees) of the shares ‘P’ and ‘Q’ given below, state which
share is more stable in value and why? [10] [2069] Ans: CV(P)=5%;
CV(Q)=1.90%; Share Q
P 55 54 52 53 56 58 52 50 51 49
Q 108 107 105 105 106 107 104 103 104 101
21. The mean and standard deviation of 100 observations were found to be 20 and 3
respectively. After the calculation were made it was found that three of the
observations were incorrect, which were as 20,22 and 18. Find mean and
standard deviation if the incorrect observations are omitted. [10] [2068] Ans: 20,
3.032
22. A sample of 60 cars of two makes P and Q, is taken and their average running
life in years is recorded as follows:[10] [2067]
Life (years) 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10
0Make P 8 12 22 14 4
Make Q 10 14 19 12 5
1. Find the mean life of each make.
2. Which make shows greater consistency in performance and why?
Ans: 1.4.8 years, 43.6 years 2.CV(P)= 46.04%; CV(Q)= 51.30%; Make P
23. An analysis of monthly wages paid to workers in two firm A and B, belonging to
the same industry, gives the following results:[10] [2066]
Firm A Firm B
No. of worker 500 600
Average wage 1500 1550
Variance of distribution of wage 100 121
Find 1.In which firm is there greater variability in individual wages? 2.The average
wage and variance of all the workers of firm A and B taken together.
Ans:1.CV(A)=0.67%; CV(B)=0.71%; Firm B 2.1527.27,731.29
24. The mean and standard deviation of a set of 100 observations were worked out
as 40 and 5 respectively by a computer but later on it was found that by mistake
the computer read the value 50 in place of 40 for the observation. Find the
correct mean and deviation.[10] [2065]
Ans:Correct Mean 39.9; Correct S.D. 4.898
25. From the following data find out the missing frequencies and compute the
standard deviation of the distribution of the average number of tables to cure
fever was 20.96. [10] [2064]
No. of tablets No. of persons cured
 4-8 10
8-12 12
12-16 14
16-20 16
20-24 ?
24-28 16
28-32 ?
32-36 10
36-40 5
Total 115
Ans: 20,12,8.8752
26. A sample of 5oo cars of each of two makes X and Y is taken and average
running life years is recorded.
Life (No. of years) No. of cars
Make X Make Y
0-2 80 60
2-4 120 100
4-6 170 200
6-8 100 120
8-10 30 20
If price of car is same, which makes car should be preferred by the buyer?
Ans: CVx=49.78%, CVy=43.37%, Since CVy<CVx, make Y should be preferred by
the buyer.
27. The average BBS CMAT of 200 students of Private Campuses with valley is
observed to be 70 with S.D. 30 and the average CMAT score of 300 students of
constituent campus is observed to be 60 with S.D. 30. What is the combined
average and combined standard deviation?
Ans: Combined average = 64, Combined S.D = 30.40
28. An analysis of monthly wages paid to workers of two firms A and B belonging to
the same industry were as follows:
Firm A Firm B
No. of workers 400 600
Average wages 5000 4500
Standard Deviation of wages distribution 11 10
Find the coefficient of variation and variance of 1000 workers of the industry.
Ans: C.V = 5.22%, Variance = 60108.4
29. An analysis of monthly income of workers of industry A and B are as follows:

Industry A Industry B
No. of workers 500 600
Average monthly income 4200 4000
Standard Deviation 9 8
Find the coefficient of variation and variance of all 1100 workers of the industry A and
B taken together.
Ans: Combined Variance = 9989.08, combined CV = 2.44%
30. The following table represents the annual income distribution of lower middle
class families of city A and city B. Show graphically in which city prevails more
inequality in distribution of income and why.
Income in Rs. 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000
City ‘A’ 33 30 24 21 18 12 9 3
City ‘B’ 32 22 15 12 10 6 2 1
 Ans: since the curve of city B is farther than City A, rom the line of equal
distribution, there is greater inequality in distribution of income in City B.
31. Compute the combined mean and standard deviation for the following data:
No. of administrative staffs 75
No. of teaching staffs 50
Average monthly salary of administrative staffs Rs. 4500
Average monthly salary of teaching staffs Rs. 6000
Standard deviation of the salary of the administrative staff Rs. 800
Standard deviation of the salary of the teaching staff Rs. 900
Ans: 𝑋̅ = 𝑅𝑠. 5100, σ = Rs 1117.14
32. The following table gives the monthly income of the works in Kathmandu and
Jhapa represent the data graphically in order to bring out inequality of the
distribution of monthly income. Also indicate in which city greater inequality exist
in distribution of monthly wage.
Monthly income (Rs.) No. of persons (000)
Kathmandu Jhapa
450 5 32
500 15 22
550 20 15
600 20 12
650 12 10
700 10 6
750 9 2
800 9 1
Ans: Jhapa
33. One hundred and twenty (120) students appeared in English test, the marks
distribution is reported as below:
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
No. of Students 5 7 12 13 40 28 15
Compute coefficient of variation and interpret the result.
Ans : 44.74%
34. Following two samples describes the age of the students in regular morning MBS
program and evening MBS program of SDC. If homogeneity of the class is a
positive factor for learning which of the two programs will be easier to teach.
Evening MBS 24 30 28 23 25 22 26 27 28 25
Morning MBS 28 27 34 33 29 27 28 29 22 26
Ans: C.V. for Evening = 9.15%, C.V. for Morning = 11.41%; Evening MBS
35. Given below is the distribution of profit (‘000 Rs.) earned by Book Store in
Kathmandu Valley
Profit (in Rs. Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50 Below 60 Below 70 Below 80 Below 90 Below 100
‘000)

No of 5 14 27 48 68 83 91 94 100
persons.

Compute coefficient of quartile deviation.

Ans: 0.25
36. The running capacity of two horses is given below, state which consistent and
why?
Horse A 250 255 280 290 295 300
Horse B 280 282 290 295 298 295
Ans: CVA = 6.93 and CVB = 2.35; B
37. A student obtained the mean and standard deviation of 100 observations as 40
and 5.1 respectively. It was later found that one observation was wrongly copied
as 40, the correct figure being 50. Find the correct mean and standard deviation.
Ans: Correct Mean = 40.1, Correct Standard Deviation = 5.2
38. For a group of 200 candidates, the mean and standard deviation were found to
be 40 and 15. Later on it was discovered that the score of 53 was misread as 35.
Find the correct mean and standard deviation corresponding to the corrected
figures.
Ans: Correct Mean = 40.09 and Correct Standard Deviation = 15.02
39. The mean and standard deviation of a set of 100 observations were found to be
40 and 12 respectively. On checking, it was found that two observations were
wrongly taken as 23 and 15 instead of 43 and 18. Calculate the correct mean and
standard deviation.
Ans: Correct Mean = 40.23 and Correct Standard Deviation = 11.82
40. The following are the date regarding the wealth (in millions of Rs.) of families in
Ward No. 1 and No. 2 in Kathmandu Mahanagar Palika. Show which ward has
greater inequality in wealth distribution. Give your decision.
Wealth (in millions Rs.) Below 2 2-5 5-10 10-20 20-30
No. of Ward No. 1 650 100 120 80 50
Families Ward No. 2 100 170 130 60 40
Ans: CV1 = 143.47% and CV2 = 93.96%, Ward No. 1
41. Students age in the regular daytime MBA program and the morning program of
National University are described by two samples. If the homogeneity in age of
the class is a positive factor in learning make suggestion, with reason, which of
the two groups will be easier to teach?
Regular MBA Program Morning MBA Program
Age No. of Students Age No. of Students
23 9 27 10
29 2 31 8
28 5 30 5
22 10 29 4
30 1 28 6
21 4 33 5
25 11 34 5
26 6 35 11
27 3 36 2
24 9 32 4
Total 60 Total 60
Ans: CVX = 9.16% and CVY = 9.52%; Regular MBA Program.
42. Monthly income (in’000 Rs.) distribution of 400 families of a certain town are
given below:
Income, below (‘000 Rs.) 80 120 160 200 240 280
No. of families 10 35 165 310 380 400
a. Calculate the appropriate measure of central tendency from the above
distribution and justify for your choice of measure.
b. Calculate the most suitable measure of dispersion and support for your
choice.
c. Find the lowest income of richest 20% of the families.
d. Find the highest income of the poorest 20% of the families.
 e. Find the limits of incomes of middle 50% families.
Ans: (a) Md = Rs 169655.20 (b) Q.D = Rs 28620.70 (c) P 80 = Rs 205714.30 (d)
P20 = Rs 133846.20 (e) The incomes of middle 50% families lies between Rs
140000 and Rs 197241.4
43. What do you understand by measures of dispersion and distinguish between
absolute & relative measure of dispersion? A sample of 50 cars, each of two
makes X & Y, is taken and their average running life in years is recorded.
Life (no of years) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25
Make X 6 10 20 12 2
Make Y 8 12 17 10 3
Which of these two makes car would you prefer to buy if the costs of both Makes are
same regarding consistency?
Ans: X̅ = 11.90 years; σx = 5.16 years; CV(X) = 43.36%; 𝑌̅ = 11.30 years; σY =
years; CV(Y) = 49.73%; Make X
44. Two companies ONIDA and BALTRA of home appliances profit distribution are
given as follows:
Profit (million 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12
Rs.)
ONDIA 2 7 11 20 7 3
BALTRA 5 4 9 13 15 4
a. An investor wants to invest according to the profit of the company, in which
company it will be better to invest?
b. Also find the average profit and variances of profit of both the companies
together.
Ans: (a) CV(X1) = 37.58% and CV(X2) = 42.47%, company ONIDA (b) Rs 6.46
million and 6.7934

45. The following two samples describes the age of students in Model Campus and
Galaxy campus BBS programme.[20][2072]

Model 25 31 29 24 26 23 27 28 29 26
Galaxy 29 28 35 34 30 28 29 30 34 27
a. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of age of students of each campus.
[Model Campus mean = 26.80, standard deviation = 2.36, Galaxy Campus mean =
30.40, standard deviation = 2.73]
b. If homogeneity in age of the students is a positive factor, for learning which of the two
campuses will be easier to teach? [Model campus CV (X 1) = 8.81%, Galaxy Campus
CV(X2) = 8.98% Model campus will be easier to teach.
c. Calculate the mean variance and coefficient of variation of age of students of both
campuses taken together.[Mean 12=28.60, standarddeviation122 = 9.75125, CV(all) =
10.91%
d. Which campus’s students are more intelligent and why?[cannot be determined on the
basis of age of students]

46. The following two samples describes the age of the students in Morning MBS and
Evening MBS program of Public Campus.. [20][2072]

Morning 24 30 28 23 25 22 26 27 28 25
Evening 28 27 34 33 29 27 28 29 33 26
 a. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of age of students of each program.
b. If homogeneity in age of the students is a positive factor for learning which of the two
programs will be easier to teach?
c. Calculate the mean variance and coefficient of variation of age of students of both
program taken together.
d. Which program’s students are more intelligent and why?
a.
Ans Morning MBS Evening MBS
Mean age 25.80 29.40
S.D. of age 2.36 2.73
CV Of age 9.15% 9.29%
b. Morning MBS program, 27.60, 9.75125 and c. 11.30% d. cannot be determined.
47. The following are the weekly production in units (output) of 60 workers ofa
factory.
72 23 48 51 64 82 12 33 50 39
57 35 88 77 25 39 52 48 64 49
52 41 72 62 49 32 54 67 46 55
57 82 44 75 56 51 63 59 69 53
42 75 85 68 55 52 45 40 57 20
75 46 51 50 16 62 56 54 40 55
The management has decided to give bonus of Rs 5,000: 6,000: 7,000: 8,000
and 9,000 to each worker in the respective output group 40 to 50; 50 to 60 and so
on.
Find: a. Mean output of all the workers b. Average bonus received by the
workers c. standard deviation of bonus. [Ans a. 53.83 units, b. Rs 6,400, c. Rs
1,200.]

Chapter 5. Skewness, Kurtosis and Moments

1. Define Skewness and kurtosis of a distribution. Also explain how skewness is
measured.[10][2069]
2. In a moderately skewed frequency distribution, the mean, median and standard
deviation are 10, 8.50, and 2 respectively. Find the Karl Pearson’s coefficient of
skewness. [2][2076][2.25, positive skewed]
3. The first four moments about mean of a certain distribution are 0, 16, -30, and 40
respectively. Calculate the coefficient of Kurtosis and interpret the
result.[2][2076][𝛽2 =0.15625, platykurtic]
4. For a group of 10 items ∑ 𝑋 =452, ∑ 𝑋 2 =24,270 and mode = 43.7. Find
Pearson’s coefficient of skewness.[2][2075][0.08, right skewed]
5. The first four moments about the arbitrary value 5 are -0.1, 2.82, 0.2 and 20.58.
Find the second and third moment. [2][2074][2081 and 1.044]
6. The first four moments about mean are 0,3,9 and 21. Test the symmetry.
[2][2073] Ans 𝛽1 = 3; positive or right skewed
7. List the five number summary from the following daily sales data (in Rs.000) of
seven different shops: [2][2072][10,20,50,70,80]
Sales(Rs000) 50 20 80 10 60 30 70
Shops A B C D E F G
8. Test for the normality of the distribution on the basis of the following
information:[2][2072]
9. Lower Quartile (Q1) = 41.5 Upper Quartile (Q3) = 58.25 Tenth percentile(P10) =
31.428 90th percentile (P90) =70
10. The standard deviation of a symmetrical distributions is 7. What must be the
value of the 4th moment about the mean in order that the distribution be
mesokurtic? [2][2072][Ans 7,203]
 11. The following table gives the distribution of daily wages in a company.
Wages(Rs) No. of Workers
40-50 10
50-60 15
60-70 20
70-80 28
80-90 35
90-100 25
100-110 18
110-120 10
120-130 8
Calculate Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness. Is the distribution
symmetrical? [10][[2076][Ans -0.044≠0;distribution is not symmetrical.
12. The first four moments about the value 5 are 2, 20, 40, and 50 respectively.
Calculate mean,[7] variance,[16] coefficient of skewness[1] and coefficient of
kurtosis [0.633]of the distribution.[10][2075]negatively skewed, platykurtic]
13. The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of
breakfast cereal. 11, 15, 23, 29, 29, 22,21, 230,15, 25, 17. Construct a bix-and-
whisker plot for the carbohydrate amounts.[10][2075][X 1 = 11, Q1 = 15, Md= 21,
Q3 = 25, XL = 29, left or negatively skewed.
14. Taking into account the following information comment on the nature of the
distribution. [10][2074] [𝛽1 = 0.0001, approximately symmetrical 𝛽2 = 2.05,
plutykurtic]
N= 100, ∑ 𝑓𝑑𝑥 = -14, ∑ 𝑓𝑑2 𝑥=154 ∑ 𝑓𝑑3 𝑥 = -62 ∑ 𝑓𝑑 4 𝑥 = 490
15. From the following distribution ifnd the first four moments about mean, skewness
and kurtosis of the distribution and interpret the result. [10][2073][𝜇1 = 0, 𝜇2 =
5.44, 𝜇3 = 0, 𝜇4 = 67.84, 𝛽1 =0; symmetrical; 𝛽2 = 2.29 platykurtic, K = 0.217
platykurtic
Profit in 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10
lakh(Rs)
No. of 3 5 9 5 3
Companies
16. The first four moments of a distribution about the arbitrary value 5 are 2, 20, 40
and 50. Calculate the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis of the
distribution. [10][2072][𝑋̅ =7, 𝜎 = 4, 𝛽1 =1, 𝛽2 = 0.633, PLATYKURTIC
17. A manufacturer of battery took a sample of 13batteries from a day’s production
and used them continuously until they were drawned. Numbers of hours they
were used until failure were 342, 426, 317, 545, 264, 451, 1049, 631, 512, 266,
492, 562, 298. [10][2072][264, 307.5, 451, 535.5, 1049][Yes the data are right
skewed]
a. List of five number summary
b. Construct a bo-and –whisker plot for the data
c. Are the data skewed? If so how?
18. Find the skewness based on moment from the following data:[10][2072][ 𝛽1 =
0.703125 or 𝛾1 = 0.835, positively skewed.
No of hours worked 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9
No. of days 3 5 1 1
19. Compute mean, variance and skewness by using method of moments from the
following data: [10][2072][ 𝑋̅ = 25, 𝜇2 = 146.67, 𝛽1 =0
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
interval
Frequencies 4 6 10 6 4
20. Find the skewness and kurtosis by the method of moments from the following
 data: [10][2072][ 𝛽1 =0.0486 or 𝛾1 =0.2204, positive skewed, 𝛽2 = 2.563 or 𝛾2 = -
0.437, platykurtic]
Weight (kg) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Frequency 8 12 20 6 4
Also comment on the results obtained.

21. Pearson’s coefficient of skewness for a distribution is 0.4 and its coefficient of
variation is 30%. If mode is 88, find mean and median. [5]
The first three moments of a distribution about the value 4 are 1,4 and 10. Find
the mean and variance and also the 3rd moment about mean.[2][2071]
Ans 100,96 5,3,0
22. If the standard deviation of a symmetrical distribution is 4. What should be the
value of fourth moment about mean in order that the distribution is a. platykurtic
b. Leptokurtic.[5][2070] Ans 𝜇4 <768 and 𝜇4 > 768
23. The first four moments about an arbitrary point 4 are 1,3,7 and 21. Find mean
and standard deviation of the distribution.[5][2070][Ans 5 and 1.41]
24. Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness of a distribution is 0.5. If median and
mode of the distribution are respectively 42 and 36. Find coefficient of
variation.[10][2068][40%]
25. The first four moments about the value 4 are -1.5, 17, -30 and 108. [10][2066][a.
Mean = 2.5 and S.D = 3.84 b. 𝛽1 =0.49; r1 = 0.7, positively skewed; 𝛽2 = 0.65; r2
= -2.35 platykurtic]
a. Find mean and standard deviation of the distribution.
b. Test for skewness and kurtosis of the distribution.
26. Compute the Pearsonian measure of skewness for the following distribution and
interpret the result. [10][2065][Ans Mean 40.364 inches, S.D. 3.296 inches, Mode
40.304, SK = 0.018, Positive]
Size in inches No. of observations
30-33 3
33-36 5
36-39 26
39-42 46
42-45 20
45-48 10

27. In a certain distribution the first four moments about the arbitrary point 4 are -1.5,
17, -30 and 108. Find 𝛽2 and state whether the distribution is Leptokurtic,
Mesokurtic or Platykurtic. [10][2064][Ans 𝛽2 = 0.654,platykortic]
28. If the standard deviation of a symmetrical distribution is 11, what must be the
value of 4th moment for the distribution to be normal?[ 𝜇4 = 43923]
If the first four central moments about the mean are 0,1.75, 39.75 and 152.31 find
𝛽1 and 𝛽2 and state the nature of the distribution. [𝛽1 = 0.49 positively skewed
𝛽2 = 0.70 platykurtic]
29. The first four moments about an arbitrary point A=4 are 1,4,10 and 45. Find 𝛽1
and 𝛽2 and state the nature of the distribution. [2062][Ans 𝛽1 = 0, so the
distribution is symmetrical and 𝛽2 = 2.89 hence the distribution is platykurtic]
30. The first four moments about the point 25 is given as 3, 90, -900 and 2100.
Calculate Y1 and Y2 and state the nature of the curve as explained by them.
[2062][Ans Y1=- 2.27 and Y2 = -0.30
31. Calculate coefficient of skewness on the basis of quartile values for the
distribution and interpret the result. [2061][Ans S KB = 0.22 positively skewed
Daily wage(Rs) No.of workers Below 100
Below 100 20
 100-150 81
150-300 120
300-500 150
500-1000 130
100-1500 30
1500-2000 10
2000 and Above 5
32. If the first four central moments about the mean are respectively 0, 2.8, -2, and
24.5. Calculate the coefficient of kurtosis and skewness and interpret the
result.[2061][Ans Y1 = -0.43;negatively skewed, 𝛽2 = 3.125, leptokurtic
33. From the following grouped frequency distribution compute coefficient of Karl
Pearson’s skewness [2058][Ans S KP = 0.08, Positively skewed]
Mid value of Income 150 250 350 450 550 650 750 850
No. of workers 80 105 120 165 100 90 60 40
34. The standard deviation of a symmetrical distribution is 5. What must be the value
of the fourth moment about the eman in order that the distribution be a.
Leptokurtic, b. Mesokurtic c. Platykurtic [2056][ a. 𝜇4 >1,875 b. 𝜇4 = 1,875 c. 𝜇4 <
1,875
35. Find Kurtosis of the following distribution by the method of moments, Comment
on the result obtained.[2055][𝛽2 = 3.125, Leptokurtic
No. of hours worked 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9
No. of days 3 5 1 1
36. Calculate the coefficient of skewness for the following distribution and hence
comment on the type of frequency distribution[2054][Ans S KP = -0.18, Negatively
skewed
X 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 Total
f 7 10 20 18 7 62
37. Calculate the skewness and kurtosis from the following wage distribution of a
factory. Explain the charactyeristics of a factory. Explain the characteristics of
frequency distribution on the basis of skewness and kurtosis.[20][2074][𝛽1 =
0.0155, negatively skewed; 𝜇3 is negative, 𝛽2 = 2.5921, platykurtic
Wage per hours (Rs) Number of workers
0-20 5
20-40 7
40-60 16
60-80 20
80-100 28
100-120 12
120-140 10
140-160 2
38. The manager of Bakery Café selected a random sample of 50 customers’ waiting
time is recorded as follows:
29 28 51 43 24 40 52 72 41 23
25 30 22 34 19 31 32 29 45 24
60 48 19 47 54 68 17 43 23 56
39 40 43 48 56 42 21 36 24 65
60 31 50 31 47 43 30 32 35 39
a. Develop a frequency distribution using 7 classes.
b. Comment on the nature of distribution of customer’s waiting time in the café.
[15][2073]Ans
 Waiting 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
time
No. of 3 11 12 13 6 4 1
customers
𝛽1 = 0.1481; positive skewed; 𝛽2 = 2.595; platykurtic
39. The assest structure of listed companies in Nepal is given below:
[15][2071][0.114 and 2.36 49.48%]
Asset (Rs. In millions) No.of listed companies
0-5 20
5-10 25
10-15 50
15-20 40
20-25 20
25-30 15
Total 170
a. Compute the skewness and kurtosis of the asset distribution by using
moment method.
b. Interpret the result of skewness and kurtosis.
c. Also calculate the coefficient of variation of asset distribution.
40. The following is the daily wages of the workers of two factories.[2070]
Daily wages in Rs No. of workers
Factory X Factory Y
50-75 30 50
75-125 60 80
125-150 88 120
150-175 120 70
175-200 60 40
200-225 28 30
225-250 14 10
Find Mean and standard deviation of each group and state which group of workers has
greater consistency in the wage.
Test the normality of the distributions.
Ans Factory X Mean =Rs 150, S.D. = Rs 42.22, CV = 28.15 %
Factory Y Mean =Rs 138.125, S.D. = Rs 44.89, CV = 32.50 %
Factory X K(X) = 0.203;K(Y) = 0.237 Both are Platykurtic Factory X is more flat.
41. You are given the position in a factory before and after settlement of an industrial
dispute. Comment on the gains or losses from the points of view of workers and
that of management. [20][2064]
Before After
No. of workers 300 250
Mean wages (Rs) 2000 2500
Median wages(Rs) 2200 2400
Modal wage (Rs) 2600 2200
Standard deviation (Rs) 105 115
Ans ∑ 𝑋 before = Rs 6,00,000 and ∑ 𝑋 after = RS 625,000. CV(Before) = 5.25% and CV
(after) = 4.76%. Thus, after the settlement of dispute there are less disparities in wages and
from management point it will result in greater satisfaction to the workers. Before dispute S K
(P) = -5.71; After dispute, SK (P) = 2.61. Thus, the curve of distribution becomes positively
skewed after the dispute settlement form negatively skewed before the dispute, which
implies number of workers getting highet wages has decreased.
42. The asset structure of listed companies in Nepal is as follow:[2063]
Assets (Rs in millions) No. of listed companies No.of unlisted
companies
 0-5 20 20
5-10 25 30
10-15 50 40
15-20 40 50
20-25 20 20
25-30 15 10
170 170
Find the skewness of the asset distribution and make the comment on both listed
and unlisted companies. Also, comment on the consistency of asset distribution
between the companies. Ans Listed companies are positively skewed(y 1 = 0.114)
whereas Unlisted companies is approximately symmetrical (𝛽1 =0.00031)
Distribution of unlisted companies has more constancy. CV = 49.48% , 48.74%
43. Find the mean, median and mode and skewness of the distribution by making
class of 25-50, 50-75 and so on.[𝑋̅ =128.5, Md = 134.09, Mo = 133.33 (Using
Grouping Method) SK (P) = -0.12, S.D. = 40.55
44. Compute first four moments about the mean and measure skewness and kurtosis
by the method of moments and explain the characteristics of the following
distribution by interpreting the computed values.
Daily wage in Rs No. of persons Daily wage in Rs No.of persons
0-200 50 800-1000 280
200-400 70 1000-1200 120
400-600 160 1200-1400 100
600-800 200 1400-1600 20
N= 1000

Ans Y1 = 0.124, 𝛽1 =0.01549, Negatively skewed 𝛽2 = 2.5920; Platykurtic

45. The following are the weekly production of production X in units of 60 workers in
a manufacturing company.
23 48 51 64 52 19 33 50 39 72 57 49
48 52 39 25 77 88 35 41 72 62 49 32
67 46 55 52 57 53 69 59 63 51 56 75
82 75 85 68 55 52 45 40 57 20 42 75
40 54 56 62 16 50 51 46 64 54 44 55
The management has decided to give bonus of Rs 5, 10, 20, 25,30 to each of the
worker in the respective output group of 10 or over upto 70 weekly output.
Construct the frequency distribution of bonus and describe the characteristics of
the frequency distribution as regard to central tendency, dispersion, skewness
and kurtosis and draw conclusions. [2059][Ans 𝑋̅ = 21.9, 𝜎 = 6.32, 𝛾1 = -0.92 –
Negatively skewed, 𝛽2 = 3.41 Leptokurtic
46. A factory pays workers on piece rate basis and also a bonus to each worker on
the basis of individual output in each quarter. The rate of bonus payable is as
follows:
Output(in units) 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100-104
Bonus (in Rs) 35 45 50 55 60 70 80
The individual output of a batch of 50 workers is given below:
94 83 78 76 88 86 93 80 91 82
89 97 92 84 92 80 85 93 98 103
87 88 88 81 95 86 99 81 87 90
94 97 80 75 93 101 82 82 89 72
85 83 75 72 83 98 77 87 71 80
Construct suitable frequency distribution and describe the characteristics of frequency
distribution of bonus and draw conclusions as regards to central tendency, dispersion,
skewness and kurtosis. Ans 𝑋̅ = 55, 𝜎 =9.85, 𝛽1 = 0.21 –Positively skewed 𝛽2 = 3.46 –
Lepokurtic
47. In which distribution do you think that mean is more representative and also test
for normality of these two distributions and interpret the result on the basis of the
information’s given below:
Daily wages in Rs No. of workers
Factory X Factory Y
20-30 15 25
30-40 30 40
40-50 44 60
50-60 60 35
60-70 30 20
70-80 14 15
80-90 7 5

Ans CVX 28.25% and CVV = 31.83% Factory X 𝛽2 = 2.65(for X) 2.66(forY): Both platykurtic

Chapter 6 Simple Correlation and Regression Analysis

1. Clculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation from the following
information.[2][2076] [Ans r=0.6030]
N=8, ∑ 𝑥1 = 544, ∑ 𝑥2 = 552, ∑ 𝑥12 = 37028, ∑ 𝑥22 =38132 and ∑ 𝑋1 𝑋2 =37560.
2. If bxy = -0.87 and byx = -0.63, find the correlation coefficient. [2][2075][Ans -
0.74]
3. Determine the number of pains of observation were ∑ 𝐷2= ∑(R1-R2)2 is 30
and rank correlation, R=0.75 [2][2074][Ans0.76]
4. The regression coefficient of y on x is 0.68 and correlation coefficient is 0.72,
find the regression coefficient of x on y. [2][2073][.76]
5. For eight pairs of observation on two variables sales (X) and pricing (Y) the
following results were obtained,[2][2072][0.5789, medium degree of positive
relationship]
∑X = 156, ∑Y= 132, ∑X2 = 4162, ∑Y2 = 2434, ∑XY = 2844
6. A student calculated the value of r = 0.81 from 10 observations and conclude
that r is highly significant. Approve statistically his conclusion.[2][2072][r=0.81,
P.E.(r) = 0.4404, significant]
7. The rank correlation between marks in English and Math obtained by 10
students was found to be 0.7. Later on it was found that the difference in the
rank in two subjects obtained by one student was wrongly taken as 5 instead
of 8. Find correct rank correlation. [2][2072][0.4636]
8. The sum of the squares of the differences of ranks obtained from eight pairs
of observations of Xand Y variable is calculated as 6. Calculate the rank
correlation coefficient between the variables.[2][2071][0.929]
9. Calculate the Karl Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient from the following data.
Also interpret the data on the basis of probable error. [10][2074][r=0.7453,
P.E. (r) =0.1133 and significant
X 67 65 68 64 66 70 63
Y 69 65 69 65 67 67 64
10. Calculate the rank correlation coefficient from the following data and also
interpret the result:[10][2072][r=0.917, high degree of positive correlation]
Marks 20 30 40 40 50 60 70 80
in Stat
Marks 10 15 20 20 18 25 30 40
in A/C
11. FROM THE FOLLOWING BI-VARIATE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION,
 DETERMINE THE MOST PROBABLE AGE OF THE WIFE WHOSE
HUSBAND’S AGE IS 75 YEARS.[10][2072][Ans 𝑌̂ =6505964 YEARS]
Age of wives (in yrs) Age of husband in years
20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
15-25 5 9 3 - -
25-35 - 10 25 2 -
35-45 - 1 12 2 -
45-55 - - 4 16 5
55-65 - - - 4 2

12. The coefficient of rank correlation of the marks obtained by 10 students in

English and statistics was found to be 0.8. It was later discovered difference
in rank obtained by one student was wrongly taken as 7 instead of 9. Find the
correct rank correlation.[5][2071][0.61]
13. Find whether there exists any relationship between the age of driver and the
no of accidents from the following bi-variate table.[10][2070][r = 0.7073, high
degree of positive relationship
No of accidents 20-22 22-24 24-26 26-28 28-30
0 5 7 13 - -
1 - 10 15 2 -
2 - 3 12 6 -
3 - - 4 12 5
4 - - - 4 2
14. Calculate the two regression coefficients and correlation coefficient between
the heights of fathers and sons from the following bi-variate frequency
distribution.[10][2069][the regression coefficients are -0.39 and -0.351 and r=-
0.37
Height of Height of sons (inch)
fathers(inch) 62-64 64-66 66-68 68-70 70-72
60-62 1 2 - 1 3
62-64 - 1 - 2 1
64-66 2 3 2 1 -
66-68 - 1 1 - 1
68-70 1 2 - - -
15. From the data given below, find whether there is any relationship between the
age of the drivers and the number of accidents made by them.[10][2067][r=-
0.6914, medium degree of negative correlation]
Driver’s No. of accidents
age 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10
25-30 - - 3 4 12
30-35 3 - 5 9 7
35-40 5 9 10 6 3
40-45 7 4 3 - 1
45-50 8 1 - - -

16. If the sum of the squares of the difference between two ranks is 288 and the
number of pairs of observation (n) is 7, find the coefficient of Rank correlation.
Also give your opinion whether there is any agreement between order of two
ranks.[5][2065][R=-4.14,t here is no agreement between order of two ranks]
17. Regression coefficient of Y on X and X on Y are given as -2.002 and -1.461.
Find the value of correlation coefficient between X and Y. If mean of X and Y
are 87.2 and 127.2 estimate X when Y = 133. [5][2065][r = -0.9607, X =
 84.5262]
18. Find the most likely price in Kathmandu corresponding to the price of Rs 70 at
Birgunj from the following data: [5][2064][Ra 67.56
Average price in birgunj Rs 65
Average price in Kathmandu Rs 67
Standard deviation of price in Birgunj 2.5
Standard deviation of price in Kathmandu 3.5
Correlation coefficient between the price in two cities +0.08
19. In a research report following information are given[5][2064][r=0.933, positive]
No.of observation 9
Sum of the product between two variables income (X) and 731
expenditure (Y)
Sum of the square of income (X) 285
Sum of the square of expenditure (Y) 2085
Mean income Rs5
Mean expenditure Rs 15

Check whether the relationship between income and expenditure id positive

or negative
20. For a bi-variate data the mean value of X is 20 and mean value of Y = 45.
The regression coefficient of Y on X is 4and that of X on Y is 1/9.
Find a. the standard deviation of X if the standard deviation of Y is 12.[𝜎𝑦 = 2]
b. coefficient of correlation [r = 0.67] c. the two regression equations [ Y =
4X-35 and X = 1/9 Y + 15 d. estimate the value of X when Y = 25 [ X =
17.78]
21. Quotation of Index numbers of ordinary shares prices of a Joint Venture Bank
and the price of preference share are as follows: [2063]
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ordinary 100.5 102.6 100 98.5 99.6 105.1 101.9
share price
Preferences 97.8 96.5 100 101.2 106.8 99.9 98.5
share price
Find the rank correlation coefficient and make the interpretation. [-0.714, high
degree of negative correlation]
22. The advertisement expenses and the sales of a new product are recorded as
below: [2063]
Adv. Exp 1 5 6 8 10
(Rs 000)
Sales(Rs 50 60 80 100 110
000)
Estimate the sales when the advertising expenses is Rs 15,000. [Rs 144.557]
23. You are given two regression equation 4x-5y+33 = 0 and 20x – 9y -107 = 0.
Find Mean of x and y[ 13 and 17] Two regression coefficients [b yx = 4-5 and
bxy = 9/20. Coefficient of correlation between x and y. [r = 0.6]
24. Find whether there exists any relationship between income and expenditure
from the following and interpret the result. [2062][r=0.795,high degree of
positive correlation between income and expenditure]
Income in Expenditure in ‘000’ Rs
‘000’ Rs 0-4 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 Total
0-4 5 9 3 - - 17
4-8 - 10 25 2 - 37
8-12 - 1 12 2 - 15
12-16 - - 4 16 5 25
 16-20 - - - 4 2 6
Total 5 20 44 24 7 100
25. You are given the following information about advertising and sales.
Advertising expenditure(lakh) Sales (in lakh)
Mean 10 90
Standard 3 12
deviation
The coefficient of correlation between advertising and sales is equal to 0.8.
Estimate the likely sales when the advertisement expenditure is Rs. 15 lakh.
[Estimated likely sales is Rs 1.6 lakh][2062]
26. Find the rank correlation between following data:[2062][rank correlation
coefficient is 0.952]
X 54 57 61 64 64 72 72 79 86 89
Y 31 36 50 60 83 93 90 85 99 122
27. Find the rank correlation between following data:[2062][rank correlation
coefficient is 0.59]
X 58 54 65 40 54 70 65 30 45 54
Y 52 48 68 35 71 50 56 38 40 60

28. Following information’s given below are related with the ages of husband (x)
and wife(y) for married couples living together in a sample survey. Calculate
the co-efficient of correlation between age of husband and that of his wife;
test the significance of calculated r. [ r = 0.52, r is significant]
N = ∑f = 72, ∑fx = 3560. ∑fx2 =196800. ∑fy = 3260, ∑fy2 = 168400, ∑fxy =
172000
29. Find rank correlation from following data of the age of wife and husband:[R
=1, perfect positive correlation]
Age of husband 23 27 28 29 30 31 33 35 36 39
Age of wife 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 32

30. The table below gives the ages and blood pressure of 10 patients in a clinic. [
Ans 0.89]
AGE 56 42 36 47 49 42 60 72 63 55
b.p. 147 125 118 128 145 140 155 160 149 150
Find the correlation coefficient between age and blood pressure. Ans 0.89
31. Age and weight of newborn calf is taken at weekly intervals.[2061]
Age (week) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Weight (lbs) 50 51 53 55 57 58 62 70 75 108
Estimate the line of best fit and estimate the weight of a calf of age 15 weeks.
[Ans Yc = 37.335+4.83x , 109.785 lbs]
32. Compute Spearman’s rank correlation for the given values. Ans R = 0.66
X 30 50 90 25 75 120 128 135 20 40
Y 40 60 70 20 8/0 125 130 140 90 85
33. Calculate the Karl Pearson’s coefficient from the biviarate sample of 140 pairs
of X and Y as distributed below: State what conclusions can be drawn from
the result. [r = 0.7044, high degree of positive correlation]
Y/X 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
10-20 20 26 - -
20-30 8 14 37 -
30-40 - 4 18 3
40-50 - - 4 6

34. The following data gives the experiences of machine operators inyears and
 their performance as given by the number of good parts turned out per 100
pieces. Calculate the regression equation of performance ratings on
experience and estimate the probable performance if an operator has 8 years
experience. Ans Y = 69.96+1.133X,78.734
Operator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Experience 16 12 18 4 3 10 5 12
(X)
Performance 87 88 89 68 78 80 75 83
(Y)
35. Given the following data: Variance of X = 9, Regression equations: 4X -5Y
+33 = 0, 20X -9Y-107 = 0
a. The mean value of X and Y [13 AND 17]
b. The coefficient of correlation between Xand Y [r = 0.6]
c. The standard deviation of Y [4]
36. The following table shows the number of motor registration and the sales of
Gorakhali Motor tyres by a wholesale dealer in Kathmandu for the term of 5
years. [2055]
Year Motor Registration(000 Nos ) No. of Tyres sold(000 Nos)
1 60 125
2 63 110
3 72 130
4 75 135
5 80 150
Estimate the sale of tyres when expected motor registration in next year is
90,000. [159.870]
Also calculate correlation coefficient and interpret. [r = 0.85, higher degree of
positive correlation]
37. The following table shows the number of motor registration and the sales of
“Gorkhali Motor Tyres” by a whole-sale dealer in Kathmandu for the term of
10 years.[15][2076]
Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Motor 60 62 65 70 48 53 73 65 82 72
registration
in (000 nos)
No of tyre 68 60 62 80 40 52 62 60 81 85
sold in(000
nos)
a. Find the coefficient of correlation between the motor registration and
number of tyres to sold. [r = 0.8342]
b. Interpret your result. [r = 0.8342 .6P.E. (r) = 0.3894, coefficient of
correlation is significant]
c. Compute the two regression coefficients.[b yx = 0.1678; bxy = 0.5959
d. Estimate the number of tyres to be sold when the expected motor
registration is 92,000? [Yc = 96530.6 ≈96531
38. From the following bi-variate table, compute coefficient of correlation. Also
test the significance of the result. Estimate the sales revenue when
advertisement cost is Rs 70 thousand. [15][2075] Ans r = 0.596, significant
estimate = Rs 305,005
Sales ADVERTISEMENT EXPENDITURES (000 Rs)
revenue 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 Total
(000 Rs)
75-125 4 1 - - 5
125-175 7 6 2 1 16
175-225 1 3 4 2 10
 22-275 1 1 3 4 9
total 13 11 9 7 40
39. You are given the sales and advertisement expenditure in crores:
Sales Advertisement Expenditure
20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 Total
10-15 - - - 3 7 10
15-20 - 4 9 4 3 20
20-25 7 6 12 5 - 30
25-30 3 10 19 8 - 40
Total 10 20 40 20 10 100
Is there significant relationship between advertisement expenditure and sales
if significant relationship exists between given variables, estimate the sales
when advertisement expenditure is 82 crores.[Ans let X = Advertisement
expenditure in crores, y = sales, r = -0.438, P.E. ® = 0.0545, SIGNIFICANT, 𝑌̂
= 31.05-0.2 X and 𝑌̂ = 15.1
40. A researcher is interested in seeing how accurately a new job performance
index measures what is important for corporation. One way to check is to look
at the relationship between job evaluation index and an employee’s salary is
significant or not. A sample of eight employees was taken, and information
about salary in thousand rupees and job performance index (1-10, 10 is best)
was collected.
Job performance index 9 7 8 4 7 5 5 6
Salary ‘000’ Rs 36 25 33 15 28 19 20 22
Develop an estimating equation that best describes these data and estimate
the salary of an employee whose job performance is 10 and 2. Also find
whether there exists significant relationship between the given variables.
[15][2073][Ans YC = -2.1130+ 4.2138X Rs 40,025.80, Rs 6,314.60, r =
0.9853, P.E. (r) = 0.007; significant
41. In a study, the following information were obtaine:[20][2073]
No. of observations 9
Sum of product between two 731
variables income(X) and expenditure
(Y)
Sum of squares on income (X) 2085
Sum of squares of expenditures (Y) 285
Mean income 15
Mean expenditure 5
Find a. Two regression coefficients[b yx = 0.9333; bxy = 0.9333
b. whether there exists any relationship between income and expenditure [r=0.9333;
positive correlation]
c. The two regression lines [Y = -8.9995 + 0.9333 X and X= 10.3335+0.9333Y
d. the most probable amount of expenditure when income is Rs200.[Rs 177.6605]

42. the data in sales and promotion expenditures on a newly launched product for
6 years are given below: [15][2072]
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Sales (in Rs. 00,000) 16 20 18 24 20 22
Promotion expenses(Rs 4 4 6 10 10 12
‘000)
a. Calculate the two regression coefficients from the above data of sales and
expenses. [Let X = Promotion expenses(Rs 000) Y = sales (Rs ’00,000’) b yx =
0.6067, bxy = 0.90, r = + 0.738, high degree of positive correlation,
b. Compute the correlation coefficient between sales and promotional expenditure
 and interpret. [ nothing can be concluded]
c. Test the significance of correlation coefficient. [ nothing can be concluded]
d. Develop the estimating equation that describes the effect if promotional expenses
on sales. Estimate the expected sales if the promotional expenses is Rs 20,000.
[Y = 15.346611 + 0.6067 X , Rs 27,48061.10
e. Explain the meaning of each parameter of the equation ; in terms of above
information. [a=15.346611 indicates the sales when the promotional expenses is
zero and byx = 0.60607 indicates the rate of change of sales when the unit
change in the promotional expenses; That is if the promotional expenses is
increased by Rs 1,000 the sales is increased by Rs 60,670
43. The data on the sales and frequency of advertisement of the company
available for the past 30 days were as follows: [2072][15]
Volumes of sales Frequency of advertisement in electronic media’ day
per day (unit in 000) 0 2 4 6 8
0-5 2 - - - -
5-10 - 4 5 3 4
10-15 - - - 4 6
15-20 - -- - - 2
a. Is there any significant relationship between frequency of advertisement
on electronic media on sales? r = 0.6860, P.E. (r) = 0.065, sales is
significant
b. Should be increase or decrease frequency of advertisement an electronic
media to promote his sales. [ should increase]
c. If he found relationship is significant, what will be his sales per day when
the frequency of advertisement per day is7? [Rs 10, 904]
44. From the following Bi-variate table, compute correlation coefficient between
advertisement expenditure and sales revenue and test the significance of the
result. ALSO ESTIMATE SALES REVENUE WHEN ADVERTISEMENT
EXPENDITURE IS Rs 4,00,000. [2071]
Advertisement Sales revenue (in Rs ‘000)
0-50 50-100 100-150 150-200 200-250
0-40 12 6 8 - -
40-80 2 18 4 5 1
80-120 - 8 10 2 4
120-160 - 1 10 2 1
160-200 - - 1 2 3
Ans r = 0.572, significant Y = Rs 270456.5424(in’000)

45. From the following bi-variate table. Compute two regression coefficients,
coefficient of variations and correlation coefficient. Estimate the sles revenue
when advertisement cost is Rs 90 thousand. [20][2071]
Sales Advertisement cost in ‘000 Rs.
revenue in 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55
‘000 Rs
75-125 4 1 - - -
125-175 7 6 2 1 3
175-225 1 3 4 2 2
225-275 1 1 3 4 -
275-325 3 1 1 - -
Ans X: adv. Cost Y = sales revenue b yx = 0.713, bxy = 0.038, CVx = 54.06%
CV Y = 30.24% r = 0.165 , Rs 236.6302 thousand
 Chapter 7 Analysis of Time Series
1. The quarterly average sales of a certain product of four quarters for the year
1982 to 1986 are 75.25, 117, 96.8and 177.5 respectively. What are the
seasonal indices of different quarters? [2][2076][64.52 ;100.31; 82.99;152.18]
2. The following figures are giving relating to the output in a factory. Find the
trend values with the help of 3 yearly moving average method. [2][2075]
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Output 5 8 10 7 12 11 14
ANS 7.67;8.33;9.67;10.33;12.33

3. THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR FOR Nepal Drug Limited recorded the

average percentage absentee rates for each quarter for a 4 years period are
55, 67.5, 62.5, and 53, find the seasonal index. [2][2074][59.50, 91.44, 113.45
and 89.09
4. The sales manager of Media home appliances has collected the data
regarding unir sales during the last 5 years 2009 to 2013 and calculated the
values as a =52.4 and b = 9.2 taking deviation 2011. Estimate the sales for
the year 2015. Ans 89.2 units [2][2073]
5. Consider the following straight line trend equation obtained from the data of
annual profit (in Rs 000) Y = 90+2X Interpret the meaning of coefficient of X
of this model. Whay is monthly increase in profit? [2][2072][annual profit is
increased by Rs 2,000 Rs 166.67]
6. The year of origin of the following straight line trend equation of profits in 000
Rs is 2008. The equation is y = 6.5+3x estimate profit for the year
2014.[2][2072][Rs 24,500]
7. In the following straight line trend equation of production (‘000’ tons) the year
of origin is considered as 2004. Y = 20 +3.5 X Estimate the production for the
year 2009. [2][2071][37,500 tons]
8. From the following annual data of sales (in 000 Rs) Find the trend values by
using least square method. ALSO ESTIMATE THE SALES OF
2014.[10][2076][Ans Rs 103,000
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Sales(000) 77 88 94 85 91 98 90
9. Find the seasonal indices using simple average method and comment on the
result. [10][2074 old][110.34, 128.74, 87.36, 7356]
Year Spring Summer Fall Winter
2012 8 10 7 5
2013 9 10 7 6
2014 10 11 7 6
2015 10 12 8 7
2016 11 13 9 8
10. Bhat Bahteni Departmental store has been expanding market share during
the past 7 years, posting the following gross sales in million rupees.
[10][2073]
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Sales 148 207 246 329 378 476 517
a. Find the linear estimating equation that best describes the data. [
328.371+ 63.46 X]
b. Estimate the sales for the year 2014.[Rs 646.01 million
c. Do these figures show a rising trend or falling trend? How do you arrive at
your conclusions? B=62.46>0 rising trend
11. Kathmandu Metropolitan Police is studying the number of traffic facilities
resulting from drunk driving during 2005-2011[10][2073]
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
 No. of 75 90 94 91 85 90 98
deaths
Compute trend values using least square method and estimate the no. of
deaths in the year 2015. Ans
52.5713;84.7142;86.8571;89.0;91.1429;93.2858;95.4287; Y 2016≈ 104
12. Compute the seasonal index for the following data, assuming that there is no
need to adjust the data for the trend.[10][2072] Ans
92.80;105.60;93.44;108.16
Quarter 1988 1989 1990 1991
I 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0
II 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.6
III 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.8
IV 3.6 4.8 4.0 4.5
13. Compute the seasonal indices by using simple average method from the
following data and state which quarter is seasonally high, justify your solution.
[10][2072][93.24, 104.76, 92.73, 109.24, quarter IV]
Quarter 2008 2009 2010 2011
I - 3.5 3.5 4
II 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.6
III 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.8
IV 3.6 4.8 4.5 -
14. Calculate the four yearly centered moving averages and short time
fluctuations for the following data: [10][2072]
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Profit 506 620 673 588 696 1116 738 663
(000)
Also plot the trend values on graph. Ans --;620.50;706.25;776.375;793.875;-;-
15. From the data given below, fit a straight line trend by the method of least
square ALSO calculate the ternd values.[10][2071]
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Profit(in Rs 000) 12 18 20 23 27
Also estimate the profit for the year 2012.
Ans Y= 20+3.5 X ;Trend values are 13,16.5, 20,23.5, 27,Profit = Rs 34,000
16. Fit a straight line trend by method of least square and obtain trend values
from following data: [10][2071]
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Production 100 120 110 140 80
in 000 tons
Also predict the sales for the year 2015. Ans Yc = 110-2X; 119, 112, 110, 108,
106, Y2015= 94
17. Assuming that trend is absent, determine the seasonality, if any in the data
given below and state which quarter of the year is seasonally high. [10][2070]
Year 1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter
2006 172 168 180 170
2007 176 170 190 174
2008 174 166 300 180
2009 176 174 200 178
2010 178 174 250 182
rd
Ans 93.89;91.32;120.04;94.75; 3 quarter
18. The following are the annual profit in thousands in a certain business.
[15][2075]
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Profit(000Rs) 30 72 75 65 80 85 97
 a. Fit a straight line trend by the method of least square and tabulate the
trend values and short term fluctuation.
Ans YC = 76.29+5.07X; Trenf values 61.08, 66.15, 71.22, 76.30, 81.38, 86.46, 91.54, Short
term fluctuations; Multiplicative model= 97.69, 108.69, 105.43, 85.53, 98.94, 99.16, 104.88,
Additive model = -1.42, 5.72, 3.86, -11, -1.86, -0.72, 4.42
b. What is the monthly increase in profit?[Rs 442.50]
c. Estimate profit for 2014.[126,990]
19. The tourist industry is subject to enormous seasonal variation. The Fulbari
Resort in Pokhara has recorded its occupancy rate percentage of total rooms
for each quarter during the last 4 years. These data are shown in the
following table.[15][2074]
Year Occupancy Rate(%)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2008 56 70 80 60
2009 57 73 86 62
2010 60 74 90 65
2011 66 83 87 87
Analyze the quarterly time series to determine the effects of seasonal
components by ratio to moving average method using multiplicative model.
Ans 84.79, 105.72, 121.71, 87.78
20. The following table represents the annual trend of net profit of two different
companies seeking investment for their development project. In which
company would you invest money. Justify your solution by using necessary
statistical tool.[15][2072]
Year Net profit in millions Rs
Company A Company B
2001 16 16
2002 32 16
2003 40 22
2004 24 36
2005 40 40
2006 32 44
2007 88 48
Company A (based on the annual rate of growth of net profit)
Company B (based on the consistency of the net profit)
Chapter 8 Index Numbers
1. Reconstruct the following index number by shifting base year as
2063.[2][2075]
Year 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065
Index No. 100 112 123 131 144 152 160
Ans 69.44;77.78;85.42;90.97;100;105.56;111.11
2. If during a period, the price index number goes up from 100 to 200 and
the wages of a worker are raised from Rs 300 to Rs 500, does the worker
really gain? [2][2074][No]
3. Reconstruct the following indices using 2010 as the base year: [2][2073]
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Index 100 110 130 150 175 180 200
Ans 66.67; 73.33; 86.67; 100; 116.67; 120; 133.33
4. Given that ∑PW = 12610, ∑W =100, where P and W have their usual
meaning. Calculate the cost of living index. A man of middle class family
of a remote area of Nepal was earning Rs 50,000 in the base period.
What should be his salary in the current period, if his living standard is to
remain the same? [ Rs 63,050, 126.10][2][2072]
 5. From the information given below, calculate the real wage index number.
[2][2072]
Year 2010 2011 2012 2013
Wage 650 980 1200 1800
Index No. 100 120 130 150
Ans 100,125.64,142.01,184.62
6. From the information of prices and quantities of four commodities in the
base year 1983 and current year 1984, the following results are obtained:
∑p0q1 = 184, ∑p1q0 = 1221, ∑p1q1 = 192, ∑p0q0 = 108, calculate the price
index by Fisher’s formula. [2][2071][Ans 108.12]
Show that Fisher’s ideal index number satisfies both reversal test and
factor reversal test from the following information’s.[10][2076]
Commodities 2010 2012
Price Expenditure Price Expenditure
W 4 32 5 50
X 5 50 6 72
Y 3 18 4 28
Z 8 40 10 40
190 ∑𝑝 𝑞 190
Ans P01(F) x P10 (F) = 1; P01(F) X Q01(F) = 140 and V01 = ∑ 𝑝1𝑞1 =140; P01(F)x
𝑜 𝑜
Q01(F) = V01. Hence, Fisher’s ideal index number also satisfies factor
reversal rest.
7. Compute Fisher Index number. Show that fisher Index number satisfied
time reversal test from the following table.[10][2075]
Commodities 2012 2013
Quantity Value Quantity Value
A 75 150 80 240
B 125 625 140 560
C 50 350 30 180
Ans = P01 (F) = 91.35
8. Define index number and explain the various types of index number. The
Sajha Bus Provides transportation for Kathmandu and in addition it sells
bus to different cities of Nepal. The company has collected in the following
data in order to analyze its sales for year 2011 and 2012.[10][2074]
Cities Average selling price per Number of Buses sold
bus in lakhs
2011 2012 2011 2012
Kathmandu 24 25 17 20
Pokhara 20 20 14 18
Biratnagar 25 30 21 25
Compute the suitable price index number for the given data. Ans 109.98
9. From the data given below. Calculate the price,index number for 2017 taking
2016 as base year using (a) Laspeyre’s method (b) Passche’s method
(c)Fisher’s ideal method. [10][2074 old][251.64; 252.17; 251.90]
Commodities 2016 2017
pRICE qUANTITY Price Quantity
A 10 100 20 120
B 11 150 25 180
C 12 180 30 210
D 14 200 40 250

10. Define index number and discuss the various problems that are faced in the construction
of an index number. The data given below related to the workers in a housing. [10][2073]
Groups Cost of living index for 2013 % of expenditure
upon 2010
Food 260 50
Fuel 140 5
Housing 150 15
Clothing 190 18
Other items 110 12

If the average monthly pay of the workers in 2010 was Rs 20,000. What should be thw
average monthly pay in 2013 in order that the workers may be able to maintain the same
standard of living as that of 2010.[10][2073][Rs 41,380]
11. The following information is related to budget of middle class families of Kathmandu.
Items Percentage of Price in 2010 Price in 2011
expenses
Food 35 1500 1650
Fuel 10 1650 1900
Clothing 20 1180 1200
Rent 15 1200 1500
Misc. 20 370 500
What is the changes in cost of living index in 2011 as compared to the prices of
2010?[10][2073][16.131%]
12. calculate the index number by using suitable formula for 1983 on the basis of 1982 from
the following information:[10][2072]
Article-I Article-II Article-III
Year Price Exp Price Exp Price Exp
1982 5 50 8 48 6 18
1983 4 48 7 49 5 20
Ans 83.40
13. Prepare real wage index from the following data:[10][2072 old][Ans base =2000,
100;75;16;62.96,62.50;61.45;60.46;59.52]
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Wages in 180 230 340 360 365 370 375
Rs
Price 100 170 300 320 330 340 350
indices
14. compute the suitable index number from the following data:[10][2072 old][Ans 249.74]
Year Product P Product Q Product R
Price Qty Price Qty Price Qty
2009 4 54 2 5 3 10
2010 10 40 4 5 8 8
15. Compute suitable index number for the year 2010 with 2008 as base year from the
following data:[10][2071][Ans 250, Rs 25,000]
Year Product P Product Q Product R
Price Qty Price Qty Price Qty
2008 4 50 3 10 2 5
2010 10 40 8 8 4 4
If the income of a family in 2008 was 10,000 what should be the income of same family in
2010 so that the living standard would be same?
16. Construct real wage index numbers from the following: [5][2070][Rs
100;76.53;80.36;75.19;74
.83;81.17]
 Year Wage in Rs Price index
2005 1400 100
2006 1500 140
2007 1800 160
2008 2000 190
2009 2200 210
2010 2500 220
17. Find the cost of living index from the following:[5][2070][145.75%]
Items Percentage of expenditure Price relatives
A 25 125
B 35 140
C - 160
D 110 130
E 15 190
Chapter 9 Probability
1. StaTe the addition theorem of probability in case of two events A and B.
[2][2076][P(A and B) = P(A)+ P (B)
2. When two dice are rolled, what is the probability of getting sum of two faces is 10?
[2][2075][1/12]
3. Given P(A) = 3/14, P(B)=1/6, P(C) =1/3 P(AC)=1/7, find the probabilities P(A/C) and
P(C/A) [2][2074][3/7 and 2/3]
4. Two events A and B are statistically dependent. If P(A) =0.35, P(B) = 0.20, P(A or B)
= 0.45 Find the probability that a. neither A nor B will occur. B. B will occur, given hat
A has occurred. [2][2073][0.55; 0.29]
5. The probability that a manufacturer will produce brand X product is 0.13, the
probability that he will produce brand Y product is 0.28 and the probability that he will
produce both brands is 0.06. What is the probability that the manufacturer who has
produced brand Y will also have produced brand X? [2][2072][0.2143]
6. A Box contains 4 black and 4 red balls. If 2 balls are drawn at random find the
probability that they are black.[2][2072][0.2143]
7. Out of 9 candidates 6 men and 3 women apply for two vacancies of a manufacturing
company, what is the probability that one man and one woman are selected in that
vacancies? [2][2071][0.5]
8. A bag contains 30 balls numbered from 1 to 30. One ball is drawn at random, what is
the probability that the ball drawn will be multiple of 3 or 7? [5][2075][13/30]
9. An urn contains 9 red , 7 white and 4 black balls. A ball is drawn at random. Find the
probability that the ball drawn is a. red ball and b. not red ball. [5][2071 old][0.45;
0.55]
10. A bag contains 10 white balls and 8 red balls. Two balls are drawn one after the other
with replacement. Find the probability that both balls drawn are white.
[5][2069][0.3084]
11. In a lot of 12 pens 3 pens are defective. If two pens are drawn randomly what is the
probability of getting a defective pen and a non-defective pen. [5][2065][9/22]
12. If the probability of happening two mutually exclusive events A and B are respectively
2/5 and 1/5. Find the probability of happening one of these events. [5][2064][3/5]
Chapter 10 Sampling and Estimation
1. What do you mean by sampling? Discuss the various types of sampling
techniques. [2][2073][10][2063 old][2060]
2. Differentiate between point and interval estimate. [2][2072]
 3. Differentiate between census and sampling method of data collection. Why
sampling method is suitable to collect data from large population?
[10][2072][2060]
4. Discuss various sampling techniques with their merits and demerits. [10][2063
old]
5. Suggest suitable sampling method, if you are interested in studying the popularity
of the entertainment centre in Bhrikuti Mandap.[10][2061]
6. Write short note on systematic sampling vs. stratified sampling. [5][2055]
7. State and explain with examples the need and importance of sampling
techniques. [10][2054]
Chapter 11. Quantitative Analysis
1. Prepare regret (or loss) table from the following pay-off table. [2][2076][2075]
Demands(Units) Decision Alternatives
15 16 17 18
15 150 120 90 60
16 150 160 130 100
17 150 160 170 140
18 150 160 170 180
Ans Regret Table
Demanded Units Decision Alternatives
15 16 17 18
15 0 30 60 90
16 10 0 30 60
17 20 10 0 30
18 30 20 10 0
2. Following are the payoff table of rooms available in the hotel with different types
of rooms. [2][2074][R3 ; R1]
Strategies (Room) Demand
Low Medium High
R1 25 35 50
R2 10 40 70
R3 30 20 100
Find the best strategy if you were
a. A complete optimistic
b. A complete pessimistic
3. From the following pay-off table, prepare regret table: [2][2071]
N1 N2 N3
S1 200 50 40
S2 100 60 30
S3 40 30 10
N1 N2 N3
S1 200-200=0 60-50=10 40-40=0
S2 200-100=100 60-60=0 40-30=10
S3 200-40=160 60-30=30 40-10=30
4. Given the following information: Prepare pay off table and regret table.
Units demanded: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Cost price per unit = Rs 140.
Selling price per unit = Rs 200.
You are required to give decision on the basis of a. Maximax criteria b. Minimax
regret criteria c. Maximin criteria [10][2073 old][Stock 17, 13, 12]
5. A coca-cola distributor buys the bottles for Rs 6 and sells them for Rs 10 each.
All the bottles leftover are worthless. His daily sales of cold drinks is never less
than 15 and not more than 20. Prepare pay-off table and loss table. What will be
the distributor’s decision if the criterion adopted be a. maxi-max and mini-max
regret? [10][2072 old]
6. From the following payoff matrix, give decision based on a. maximax approach b.
maximin approach.
Action Event A B C
1 80 50 40
2 100 50 30
3 40 50 110
Ans ACTION3, Action 1 or 3.
7. A merchant of Bishal Bazar Co. buys an article at the rate of Rs 300 and sells
them at the rate of Rs 50. The merchant knows that he cannot sell more than 50
articles in a day and minimum sales would not be less than 45. Assuming that
unsold articles do not have any salvage value, prepare pay off table and regret
table and give decision according to a. optimistic and pessimistic approaches, b.
Minimax regret criteria [10][2070]Ans Max Payoff Rs 10,000 at stock 50 and Min
Payoff Rs 9,000 at stock 45 b. Minmax of Rs 600 at stock 47
8. A beer distributor buys kegs for Rs. 30 each and sells them for Rs 50 each. All
the kegs left at the end of the day are worthless where salvage value is zero. The
following table gives the distribution of sales and corresponding
probabilities.[15][2076]
Kegs sold 10 11 12 13 14
Probability 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
a. Construct a pay-off table
b. Calculate the expected monetary value for each strategy
c. Find the optimal quantity that can maximize the expected profit.
d. Calculate expected profit with perfect information
e. Calculate the expected value of perfect information.
9. What do you mean by decision with uncertainty? What are the methods of
decision making under the situation of uncertainty? A grocery shopkeeper orders
and receives 1 liter Snow Fun Curd early in the morning each day. The cost of
curd per liter is Rs 100 and he sells it for Rs 130. Thus making profit of Rs 30 per
liter. Based on his previous year’s sales statistics, the grocery shopkeeper
estimates his daily sale of curd as follows: [15][2073]
Demand 15 16 17 18 19
Probabilities of 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10
demand
Any unsold curd have to be thrown away at the end of the day. How many curds of 1
liter should the shopkeeper stock each day as to maximize his profit in the long
run? Also compute expected value for perfect information.[Max Profit=Rs 450,
stock =15, EVPI = Rs 45
10. Under an employment promotion programme, it is proposed to allow sale of
newspapers on the buses during peak hours. A newspaper boy ha the following
probability of selling magazine.
No. of copies 10 11 12 13 14
sold
Probability 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
Cost per copy of magazine is 30 and sale price per copy is Rs 50.
He cannot return unsold copies where salvage value is zero.
 a. Construct a pay-off table.
b. Calculate the expected monetary value for each strategy.
c. How many copies should be ordered. [12]
d. Compute expected profit with perfect information. [250]
e. Also calculate expected value of perfect information and interpret. [27.50]
11. An ice-cream retailer buys ice-cream at a cost of Rs 5 per cup and sells it for R 8
per cup. Any remaining unsold at the end of the day are useless and thrown
away. Past sale have been ranged between 15 and 18 per day. Assuming the
sale history has the following probabilities. [15][2072]
Quantity sold 15 16 17 18
Probabilities 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.30
What quantity should be bought to maximize expected profit? [17]
What will be his maximum expected profit? If he has perfect information of the
market, what would be the expected profit? [47.80; 50.70
Also compute EVPI [2.90]
Chapter 12 Linear Programming Problem
1. Food X contains 6 units of vitamin A per gm, 7 units of vitamin B per gm and
cost Rs 5 per gm. Food Y contains 8 units of vitamin A per gm and 12 units of
vitamin B per gm and cost ra 18 per gm. The daily minimum requirement of
vitamin A and B are 100 units and 120 units respectively. Formulate the given
problem in a LPP model with the objective of minimizing the cost.
[5][2075][Minimize Z =Rs (5x+ 18 y) subject to constraints 6x+8y≥100; 7x
+12≥ 120; x ≥0, y≥0]
2. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem by Graphic Method.
Objective Function : Zmax = 600 x + 300y Subject to constraints
X+2y ≤8 x+y ≥2 5x+3y ≤ 15 x≥0, y ≥ 0 [10][2074][ Zmax = 1800 at x=3 and
y = 0]
3. Solve the following linear programming problem using graphical method.
Maximize Z = 30x+50y subject to constraints x+y ≤ 30; x+2y ≤40; x,y ≥ 0.
[10][2074 old][ Zmax =1100 at x=20 and y = 10]
4. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:
Objective function : Min Z = 3x + 2y subject to constraints 5x + y ≥ 10; 2x+4y
≥12; x+y ≤6; x≥0, y≥0. [10][2073][Min Value = 9.11 at x = 14/9 and y = 20/9]
5. One unit of food X contains 2 grams of vitamin A and 2 grams of vitamin B
and one unit of food Y contains 1 unit of vitamin A and 3 units of vitamin B. A
man wants to produce as many foods as possible when 20 grams of vitamin
A and 24 grams of vitamin B are available. It the profit of selling food X and
food Y are Rs 50 and Rs 30 per unit respectively. Formulate the problem in a
mathematical form and solve it graphically in order to maximize the profit.
[10][2073 old][Max profit = Rs 510 at food at food X =9 units and Food Y = 2
units]
6. Using graphical method, solve the following linear programming problems.
[10][2072]
Maximize Z = 2x+3y Subject to 3x +5y ≤45, 6x+4y ≤48; x,y ≥0 [Zmax = 83/3 at
x = 10/3 and y =7]
7. A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He has
only 5,760 to invest and has spaces for at most 20 items. A fan costs him Rs
360 and a sewing machine Rs 240. His expectation is that he can sale a fan
at a profit of Rs 22 and sewing machine at a profit of Rs 18. How should he
 invest his money in order to maximize his profit by using graphic method?
[10][2072 old][Rs 392, 8 fans and 12 sewing machines]
8. Find graphically the minimum value of Z= 40 x + 20 y subject to Constraints:
x+2y ≥ 2; 3x+y≥ 3; 4x+3y≥ 6; x, y≥ 0. [10][2071][ Zmax = 48 at x = 3/5 and y =
6/5
9. Solve the following Linear Programming problem by using graphic method.
Maximize the profit = Rs 300 A + Rs 500 B Subject to the limitations 9A + 6B
≤ 54; 3A ≤ 18; B≥ 6 Where A , B ≥ 0 non-negative conditions. [10][2070][Max
prfit = Rs 4500 at A =0, and B=9]
Chapter 13 Determinant
1. Prove the following determinant by using properties: [5][2076]
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧) 𝑥 𝑦
| 𝑧 (𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2𝑥) 𝑦 | = 2(x+y+z)3
𝑧 𝑥 (𝑧 + 𝑥 + 2𝑦)
2. Hari sells 7 share of P and buys 9 shares of Q thus increasing his cash by Rs
70. Gopal sells 9 share of P and buys 14 shares of Q, decreasing his cash by
Rs 80. Find the price of P and Q by using Cramer’s rule. [5][2075][Ans Rs 100
and Rs 70]
3. Prove the following by using the properties of determinant.[10][2074]
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑧
| 𝑥𝑦 𝑦2 + 1 𝑦𝑧 |= 1+x2+ y2+z2
𝑥𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑧2 + 1
4. Prove the following determinant: [10][2074 old]
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
|𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 2 |= abc(a-b) (b-c) (c-a)
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐 3
5. Solve the following by using the properties of determinant [10][2073][x=0 or
21]
7+𝑥 7−𝑥 7−𝑥
|7 − 𝑥 7 + 𝑥 7 − 𝑥 | = 0
7−𝑥 7−𝑥 7+𝑥
6. Prove the following using properties of determinants[10][2073 old]
𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 2𝑦
|𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 | = 9y2(x+y)
𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑥
7. By using properties of determinant, prove that [10][2072]
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 −𝑐 −𝑏
| −𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 −𝑎 | = 2. (a+b). (b+c). (c+a)
−𝑏 −𝑎 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
8. Show that [10][2072]
𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎3
|𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏3 |= abc (b-c) (c-a)(a-b)
𝑐 𝑐2 𝑐3
9. The price of 3 commodities X,Y,Z are rupees x, y, z per unit respectively. A
purchases 4 units of Z and sells 3 units of X and 5 units of Y. B purchases 3
units of Y and sells 2 units of X and 1 unit of Z. C purchases 1 unit of X and
sells 4 units of Y and 6 units of Z. In this process A, B and C earn Rs
6,000;Rs 5,000; RS 13,000 RESPECTIVELY. Find the price per unit of 3
commodities by using Cramer’s rule. [10][2072 old][x=3,000; y = 1,000 z =
2000]
10. Prove by using the properties of determinant that
 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧) 𝑥 𝑦
| 𝑧 (𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2𝑥) 𝑦 | = 2(x+y+z)3
𝑧 𝑥 (𝑧 + 𝑥 + 2𝑦)
11. Find the numerical value of the following determinant by using
properties.[10][2071][(x+y+z)(x-z)2
𝑦+𝑧 𝑥 𝑦
|𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑧 𝑥 |
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦 𝑧
12. Prove the following by using properties of determinants.[10][2071 old][2070]
1 1 1
| 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 | = (a-b) (b-c) (c-a) (a+b+c)
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐 3
Chapter 14. Matrix
1. Find the product (A.B) of the following matrices[2][2076]
2 4 6
1 3 4 13 17 33
A= [ ]and B = [1 3 5] Ans[ ]
2 1 3 11 14 23
2 1 3

4 2 1 3
2. Given A = [ ]and B =[ ] Show that AB ≠BA. [2][2074]
−1 8 5 0
7 −2
3 2 11 11
3. If A = [ ]then find A -1 [2][2073] Ans [−5 3
]
5 7
11 11
4. Find the adjoint matrix of the matrix given below: [2][2072]
1 2
A=[ ] Ans [−5 −2]
3 −5 −3 1
6 −1
-1 2 1 11 11
5. Find A where A = [ ] Ans [−1 2]
1 6
11 11
6. Prove that the two matrices A and B are inverse of each other, where A =
3 2 1 −2
[ ] and B = [ ] [5][2076]
1 1 −1 3
6 −1
1 3 11 11
7. Evaluate A – 4A – 5I, where A = [
2
] Ans [−1 2]
2 4
11 11
8. An electronic company has obtained orders for 10 laptops of type A, 9
laptops of type B and 6 laptops of type C . The following matrix shows the
amount of raw materials needed for each type of laptops. [10][2074]
Laptops Raw Materials
R1 R2 R3
A 40 20 10
B 50 15 15
C 30 12 12
If the cost of each unit of R1, R2 and R3 are Rs 5000, Rs 6000 and Rs 4000
respectively, find the using matrix algebra,
a. The cost of materials for laptop of each type. [Rs360,000 Rs 400,000 and Rs
270,000]
b. The cost of materials for all laptops. [Rs 8,820,000]
9. Solve the following equations by using matrix methos: [10][2074 old][x=2,
y =3 and z = 4]
X+2y+3z = 20: 3x+6y+2z = 32: x+y+z = 9
 5 2 −1
10. From the given matrix: A = [2 4 1 ]. Prove that AA-1 = A-1A=1.
1 2 3
[10][2073 old]
11. Solve the following equations by using elementary row operation
method.[10][2073][x=1, y=2 and z =-1]
2x+5y+3z =9; 3x+y+2z=3; x+2y-z =6
12. A manufacturing company Ltd. Produces two types of drugs D 1and D2
with the help of three chemicals C1, C2 and C3. The quantity of chemical
requirements per kg of each D1 and D2 are given below in suitable units.
D1 D2
C1 10 12
C2 16 15
C3 8 16
The price of chemicals in three different markets M1, M2 and M3 are as
follows:
C1 C2 C3
M1 20 19 16
M2 8 9 7
M3 6 7 8
Find the price per kg of each drug in each market by using matrix algebra.
[10][2072][the price per kg of drug D1 in markets M1, M2, M3 are 632,280,
236 respectively. The price per kg of drug D2 in markets M1, M2, M3 are
781, 343, 305]
13. Solve by using matrix method [5][2072]
6x+8y = 30; 9x+5y =42; x=31/7 and y = 3/7
1 2
14. If A = [ ] then show that A2 – 2A – 5I = 0 where 0 is the 2*2 null matrix
3 1
and I be the identity matrix of order 2. [5][2072 old]
2 1
15. If A =[ ] show that AA-1= I.[5][2072 OLD]
1 3
16. A biscuit manufacturing company has two plants located at two different
places. Each plant produces three different types of biscuits Tiger,
Glucose and Salty. Matrix A shows the number of packets of each type of
biscuit produced per day and matrix B shows their cost and selling
price.[10][2072 old]
Tiger Glu. Salty C.P. S.P.
10 13
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐼 [300 200 100 ]
A= B = [11 12]
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝐼 200 300 200
12 14
If plant I and Plant II operate for 20 and 25 days respectively in a month.
Using matrix algebra, find the total.
i. Production of biscuits from each plant per day. [Plant I:600 and
Plant II: 700]
ii. Production of each type of biscuits in the month,
[11,000;11,500;7,000]
iii. Profit in the month. [Rs 58,500]
17. The three commodities C1. C2, C3 are purchased and Ssold by the three
persons A, B and C. Mr. A purchases 4 units of C3 and sells 3 units of C1
and 5 units of C2. Mr B purchases 3 units of C1 and sells 2 units of C2 and
1 units of C3. Mr C purchases 1 units of C2 and sells 4 units of C1 and 6
units of C3. In the purchase – sell process Mr. A suffered a loss of Rs
1,000; Mr B earns no profit and Mr C earns Rs 40,000. Find the prices per
unit of these commodities by using matrix method. [2071][10][Rs 3,000,
 Rs 2,000 and Rs5,000]
18. Diary Corporation is planning to produce 1200 kgs of baby food mixing 3
nutrients A, B and C. The 3 nutrient components per kg cost Rs 12, Rs 16
and Rs 14 respectively. The final output of 1 kg of baby food pack must
contain nutrient C to be twice that of nutrient A . The budget available to
buy component nutrients are to the corporation is Rs 18,480. Find amount
of each nutrient which should be mixed in the final output by using matrix
method. [2071][10][A =90 kg, B = 930 kg and C = 180 kg]
19. Three different chemiclas are mixed in a specific proportion to produce
100 units of a product. The company has to meet a constraint in the
production of the product that chemical X should be one-third of the
difference between chemicals Y and Z used. The cost of chemicals X, Y
and Z are respecvtively Rs 50 Rs 20 and Rs 40 and the total cost of all
the chemicals used is Rs 2900. Determine each unit of chemical X, Y and
Z used by matrix method. [10][2070][X=10, Y = 60 and Z = 30]
20. Objective Questions. [2075][2]
a. If the distribution of data is negatively skewed then mean is ___than
mode.
b. The product of two regression coefficients can not exceed____.