Name: Rayjean B.

Camiguing Date Performed: August 4-9, 2020

Student Number: 09950317585 Date Submitted: August 11, 2020

EXERCISE NUMBER: 4

EXERCISE TITLE: Mortise and Tenon Joint

I. INTRODUCTION

Woodworking may be tough, if you don’t know exactly what your doing but if you get the right guidance
it will be easier for you to do it. Woodworking can be enjoyable, and pleasing, pastime. However, it is essential
to play it safe when working with tools. While woodworking can be difficult, it can also be satisfying especially
when you finish an art piece you desired. In this activity I was able to learn the importance of measurements,
particularly when your desired piece is something that is like a piece of wood will be fit to another piece of
wood to create one piece. Other than measurements, I have also learned techniques that make the work
easier and I have able to develop my patience and confidence every time I finish a piece.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Materials
• Wood (20mm x 45mm x 280mm)
• Hand saw
• Ruler (plastic)
• Steel tape
• Try square
• Wood jack plane
• Chisel (3/8’’ and ½’’)
• Claw hammer
• Hand drill

B. Methods
1. The given wooden piece is checked to ensure its correct size.
2. The wooden piece is firmly clamped in the carpenter’s vice and one of its faces is planed by the
jack plane and checked for straightness.
3. The adjacent face is then planed and the faces are checked for squareness with the try square.
4. Marking gauge is set and lines are drawn at 30 and 45mm, to mark the thickness and width of
the model respectively.
5. The excess materials are first chiseled out with the firmer chisel and then plane to correct size.
6. The mating direction of X and Y are then marked using the scale and marking gauge.
7. Using the cross-cut saw, the portion to be removed in part Y (tenon) is cut, followed by firmer
chiseling.
8. The materials to be removed in part X (mortise) is carried out by using the mortise and former
chisels.
9. The parts X and Y are separated by cross- cutting with the tenon saw.
10. The ends of both the parts are chiseled to exact lengths.
11. Finish chiseling is done wherever needed so that, the parts can be fitted to obtain a near tight
joint.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
One of the strongest woodworking joints is the mortise and tenon joint. This joint is simple and strong,
woodworkers used it for many years. Normally, you use it to join two pieces of wood at 90-degrees. You insert
one end of a piece into a hole in the other piece, you call the end of the first piece a tenon and you call the
hole in the second piece a mortise. Normally you used glue to make this joint, you may pin or wedge it to lock
in place. A quality mortise and tenon joint gives perfect registration of the two pieces.
A mortise is a cavity cut into a piece of wood to receive a tenon. A tenon is a projection on the end of a
piece of wood to insert into a mortise. Usually tenon is taller than its wide. Generally, the size of the mortise
and tenon relates to the thickness of the pieces.

IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSSION

There are countless examples of this type of joint. Tenon joints connect members that usually form an "L" or
"T" type configuration. The joint comprises two components: the mortise hole and the tenon tongue. The
tenon formed on the end of a member is inserted into a square or rectangular hole cut into the corresponding
member. The tenon is cut to fit the mortise hole exactly and usually has shoulders that sit when the joint fully
enters the mortise hole. The joint may be pinned or locked into place. In the traditional fashion, the pin hole in
the tenon is bored a little closer to the shoulder than in the mortise and the pin pulls the joint together very
tightly. This kind of joint is mainly used when the adjoining pieces connect at an angle between 45° to 90°.
When the angle between the two jointed elements is different from 90º, the nose of the tenon can be cut off
and is called a skewed tenon.

V. RECOMMENDATIONS
Proper table for woodworking, proper PPE to avoid injury and complete woodworking tools.

VI. REFERENCES
Internet resources, Basic Woodworking – Valley Oaks Chapter
VII. APPENDICES
Materials used: