10th International Conference on Energy and Environment

CIEM 2021 Conference Proceedings

MODELING AND CONTROL OF A DC/DC CONVERTER IN A PV/BATTERY APPLICATION

George RUSEN
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Department Name, Romania
george.rusen0110@stud.energ.upb.ro

Dana-Alexandra CIUPAGEANU (Graduate Student Member, IEEE)

The Politehnica University of Bucharest, Department of Power Production and Usage, Romania
dana.alexandra@onmicrosoft.upb.ro

Gheorghe LAZAROIU (Member, IEEE)

The Politehnica University of Bucharest, Department of Power Production and Usage, Romania
gheorghe.lazaroiu@onmicrosoft.upb.ro

Radu PORUMB (Member, IEEE)

The Politehnica University of Bucharest, Electric power systems, Romania
radu.porumb@onmicrosoft.upb.ro

Topic: Renewable energies / Electrical power systems and smart grids

Keywords: dc/dc converter, photovoltaic panels, battery, Matlab, power systems, chopper, buck,
boost, buck-boost

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE

The exhaustion of fossil fuel resources and therefore the worldwide tendency to transition to
clean renewable sources of energy required a pressing search for alternative energy sources to
satisfy up the contemporary and future demands. From all the renewable energy options we
currently have, solar energy may be a clean, never-ending, and environment-friendly potential
source. The harnessing of solar power using PV modules comes with issues that emerge from the
change in insolation conditions. The changes in atmospheric & insolation conditions severely affect
the efficiency and output power of the PV modules.

A lot of research has been done to enhance the efficiency of the PV modules. Different maximum
point tracking algorithms exist to reduce this limitation including fractional open-circuit voltage,
perturb and observe (P&O), incremental conductance, fractional short circuit current, and artificial-
intelligence-based algorithms. A maximum power point tracker or MPPT is a DC-DC converter that
improves considerably the match between the photovoltaic array and the battery bank or utility grid.
In this situation, a DC-DC converter acts as an interface between the load and the PV module
because it serves the aim of transferring maximum power from the solar PV module to the load. By
sensing both PV voltage and current and using these values we implement the MPPT. The output of
the MPPT will give the required reference voltage that will be compared with the actual PV voltage
to find the error. This error is then fed to a closed-loop controller that will output the duty ratio for
the PWM generation. This value is compared with the carrier signal and given to the gate terminal of
MOSFET.

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 10th International Conference on Energy and Environment
CIEM 2021 Conference Proceedings

METHODOLOGY

The contribution of this paper is to review the technical and physical aspects of one of the foremost
used hill - climbing MPPT techniques, the P&O algorithm as well as the use of loop control methods
to scale back the steady-state error and to manage the voltage all time regardless of the load
condition and input voltage variation. The P&O algorithm perturbs the operating point of the PV
generator by increasing or decreasing a control parameter by a small amount and measuring the PV
array output before and after the perturbation. When the power is increased, the algorithm
continues to perturb the system in the same direction; otherwise, the system is perturbed in the
opposite direction.
PV Panel DC-DC Load
Converter

MPPT with PI Control based

on perturb & observe

Figure 1: The block diagram of the PV system

FINDINGS

The proposed PV module is simulated by Matlab/Simulink and compared with five other models. The
specification of the PV array and input values are illustrated in Table 1.

Table 1: CIEM 2019 Style Chart

Electrical specifications of PV array
Module type 1Soltech 1STH-215-P
Parallel strings 47
Series connected modules per string 10
Cells per module 60
Maximum power (W) 213.15
The voltage at maximum power point Vmp (V) 29
Current at maximum power point Imp (A) 7.35
Open circuit voltage Voc (V) 36.3
Short circuit current Isc (A) 7.84
Cell temperature, in deg.C. 25
Sun irradiance, in W/m2 1000

The measurement we’ll analyze is going to be the characteristics curve of the PV module and PV
array as well as the output voltages, current, and power for the proposed model with and without
loop control methods and the P&O algorithm. The comparison simulation results between each
model will verify output power (Po), the ripple in output power (∆Po), output voltage (Vo)
differences.

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10th International Conference on Energy and Environment
CIEM 2021 Conference Proceedings

CLOSING

From the proposed model, maximum values of voltage, the maximum value of the current, and
maximum value of power are developed and have a low ripple compared with the other models. We
can conclude the simulation model proposed in this paper is a reliable reference for the construction
and presentation of an actual system.

REFERENCES

[1] M. H. Moradi, and A. R. Reisi, "A Hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking Method For Photovoltaic
Systems, "Journal of Solar Energy, Vol. 85, No.11, pp. 2965-2976, November Book Chapter
[2] A. Bouchakour, L. Zaghba, M. Brahami, A. Borni, “Study Book in a Series of a Photovoltaic System
Using MPPT Buck-Boos Converter”. International Journal of Material, Mechanics, Manufacturing,
vol.3, No.1, pp. 65-68, February 2015.
[3] Lijun Qin, Xiao Lu, “Matlab/Simulink-Based Research on Maximum Power Point Tracking of
Photovoltaic Generation”. ". International Conference on Applied Physics and Industrial Engineering,
pp. 10-18, February.
[4] Enslin JHR, Wolf MS, Snyman DB, Sweigers W. “Integrated photovoltaic maximum power point
tracking converter”. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 769-773, 1997.
[5] Martins, D., Weber, C. and Demonti, R. (2002). Photovoltaic power processing with high
efficiency using maximum power ratio technique, Proc. 28th IEEE IECON, v. 2, pp. 1079–1082.
[6] Sukarno Budi Utomo, Iwan Setiawan, Berkah Fajar, S. H.Winoto, , "Design and development of
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for 100 watt solar panel base on buck boost converter". AIP
Conference Proceedings 2173, 02001 (2019), pp. November 2019
[7] Chen Qi, Zhu Ming, "Photovoltaic Module Simulink Model for a Stand-alone PV Systems".
International Conference on Applied Physics and Industrial Engineering, pp. 94-100. February. 2012.
[8] M. T. Ullah, M. H. Uddin, M. Quamruzzaman, “Performance analysis of DC/DC Boost Converter
with Maximum Power Point Tracking for Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems”. International
Conference on Physics sustainable Development & Technology (ICPSDT-2015), PP. 133-139, August
2015.

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