A NEW TOPOLOGY OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR PV SYSTEM TO EXTRACT MAXIMUM POWER USING FUZZY BASED MPPT TECHNIQUE

PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)

A NEW TOPOLOGY OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR PV SYSTEM TO

EXTRACT MAXIMUM POWER USING FUZZY BASED MPPT
TECHNIQUE

Veeravelli Raja Sruthi1*, S. Muthubalaji2, S.Sampathraju3

1*
PG Scholar, Power Electronics,Department of EEE,CMR College of Engineering
&Technology, Kandlakoya, Hyderabad,Telangana, India.
2
Professor,Department of EEE, CMR College of Engineering & Technology,
Kandlakoya,Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 3Assistant Professor,Department of EEE, CMR
College of Engineering & Tech, Kandlakoya, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
1*
rajasruthi999@gmail.com,2muthusa15@gmail.com
Veeravelli Raja Sruthi, S. Muthubalaji, S. Sampathraju.A New Topology of Dc-Dc
Converter for PV System to Extract Maximum Power Using Fuzzy based MPPT
Technique-- Palarch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 17(7), 4887-4898.
ISSN 1567-214x

Keywords: MPPT, DC-DC Converter, Fuzzy Logic Controller, PV Cell.

ABSTRACT:
One of the most important naturally available renewable energy resources is the solar energy.
To utilize the maximum power from the solar panel, a DC-DC boost converter is used to
match the impedance between PV panel and load. The PV panel system comprises of three
important parts Solar Panel, Converter and MPPT controller. Converter plays a vital role in
the system to harvest maximum power from the PV plant. So that this work mainly
concentrates on DC-DC conversion side and proposes a new idea of converter topology. The
performance of the proposed converter along with fuzzy logic controller is appraised with
conventional converter based PV system in terms of output voltage, output current, and
output power. The results confirm that the proposed converter is out performedwell.

INTRODUCTION
Pollution has become the major concern of the present society due to its
adverse effects on human beings. In a situation like this non conventional
energy sources can be used for the production of energy as they do not cause
any damage to the environment. The common non conventional energy
sources being used are solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines, geo-
thermal energy stations. As solar energy is freely and abundantly available in
nature and causes no harm to the climate, these are used for day- to-day life
energy requirement in homes, for irrigation etc. Apart from the above

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advantages these are also have disadvantages like low conversion efficiency
and with more installation cost. As PV panels use dc-dc or dc-ac for
conversion system and also require batteries for storage of energy, these
factors increase their installation cost. The conversion efficiency of the system
can also be increased by using techniques like MPPT which maximize the
extraction of power under any condition by choosing the best or appropriate
load [1].

Ahmed M. Atallahet.al [2] proposed the most common MPPT technique

Perturb &Observe with two converters buck and Buck-boost. Buck converter
along with P&O controller reduces oscillations more effectively than buck-
boost converter.

J. Chauhan et.al [3] focuses on two MPPT techniques Perturb & Observe and
Incremental conductance along with two DC-DC converters buck and boost
converters. This work shows thatthough P&O can achieve maximum output
value than incremental conductance method but at fast varying atmospheric
conditions it fails to track the maximum powerpoint.

S. Saravanan et.al [4] mainly compares two MPPT techniques, Perturb &
Observe and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS). The
performance of two converters Boost & Modified Single –Ended Primarly -
Inductor converter (SEPIC) are seen by using above two MPPT techniques.
Finally it is shown that the performance of both the converters work better
ANFIS than P&O.

In [5] three types of converters are compared with one MPPT technique
Perturb & Observe. This paper mainly focuses onhow to choose the converter
that must be introduced in the production of standalone PV system depending
upon the adopted load, climatic conditions and partial shadingconditions.

Luis A.Soriano et.al [6] compares different types of converters like boost,
buck, buck-boost, Cuk and SEPIC are considered with two MPPT techniques
Perturb &Observe and IncrementalConductancealgorithms.

TadiparthiRamki and L.N Tripathy [7] compare different DC-DC converters

for photovoltaic systems. Different DC-DC converters used in this paper are
buck converter, boost converter, buck-boost converter, CUK converter, SEPIC
converter, and zeta converter.

In [8] three types of DC-DC converters buck, boost and buck- boost are
discussed with their parameters like cost, efficiency and with their limitations.
It is shown that buck-boost converter integrated with PV system is the most
effective solution in producing maximum output power under
anycircumstances.

S. Lavanya Devi et.al [9] involves comparing different types of power

converters like Buck-boost, SEPIC and CUK converter. These converters are
designed, analyzed and are compared with their THD’s and efficiencies. As a
result buck-boost and SEPIC have low THD at higher efficiency.

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The main aim of the paper [10] is to use boost converter alongwith maximum
power point tracking technique. By using MPPT algorithm with boost
converter maximum power point of solar array can be tracked under any
climaticconditions.

M.S.S. Ivagamasundariet.al [11] proposed a MPPT technique and with buck

boost converter for photovoltaic system. In this work duty cycle is varied to
source and load impedance to set maximum powerpoint.

Pressa P. Surya et.al [12] compares different DC-DC converters like buck,
boost, buck –boost, SEPIC and Cuk converters. Perturb and Observe is the
MPPT technique used in this paper to track the maximum power point.

Anuradha.T, DeivaSundari.P et.al [13] compares direct MPPT methods with

indirect methods which are capable of tracking maximum power point. It is
observed that P&O and INC techniques provided higher efficiency at medium
and high irradiations when compared to open circuit voltagemethod.

In [14], MPPT algorithms like perturb and observe (P&O) method, the Ripple
Correlation control (RCC) and fuzzy logic control (FLC) techniques are
compared with their efficiencies. It is shown that fuzzy logic controller has
better efficiency and more output power than the other twomethods.

The converters which are mainly used for tracking the maximum power from
the PV modules are buck, boost, buck- boost, Cuk, SEPIC etc. Through the
literature survey it is observed that all the converters along with MPPT
technique gives less output power which is less than 100W. In order to
overcome this problem, a new type of converter topology is used in order to
improve the output power.

Equivalent Circuit of the PVCell

Solar photovoltaic system is mainly used to convert light energy into electrical
energy by means of photovoltaics. Solar panels are mainly designed to absorb
sunlight and converts sunlight into electricity. Now-a- days solar PV panels
are most commonly used in houses and in industries in order to reduce cost of
electricity bill. A simple diode model of photovoltaic cell is shown in below
Fig.1 [15].

Figure 1.Single Diode Model of PV Cell

By applying KCL to the above circuitdiagram,
I = IL- ID-Ish (1)

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Where,
ILis the light emitted current from the solar cell (A)
IDis the diode reverse saturation current (A)
Ishis loss of current due to shunt resistance
In this single diode model ID & “I” are modeled using Shockley equation:

(2)
Where,
𝑛is diode ideality factor usually between 1to 2 for single diode cell
I0is the saturation current
VTis thermal voltage and is given by:

(3)
Where,

From the circuit diagram and from the equations derived above,the I-V
characteristics of the solar cell is shown in Fig.2.

Figure 2.I-V Characteristics of a Solar Cell

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Product of voltage and current is power and maximum operating point on the
I-V curve is the maximum power point. P-V Characteristics of the solar panel
is obtained as shown in Fig.3.

Figure 3.P-V Characteristics of Solar Cell

METHODOLOGY
BoostConverter
For the conventional system, Boost converter is used for the conversion
purpose. A boost converter is a DC-DC converter that steps up the input
voltage to the output voltage i.e.., output voltage is higher than input voltage
for an boost converter.

Figure 4.DC-DC Boost Converter

The Boost converter shown in Fig.4 is used to convert low level of DC voltage
to high level of DC voltage and also used in cases where we require higher
voltage than the supply provided by power supply. The construction of this
converter involves an Inductor and a Semi conductor switch, generally
capacitor, MOSFET and diode. The operation of capacitor involves firstly,the
capacitor is charged to input voltage. Then, the MOSFET is switched ON and
the current flows through the inductor making the inductor charged. Now the
semi conductorswitch i.e., the MOSFET is switched OFF. But as the inductor
nature is to oppose the sudden changes in current even though the switch is off,
the inductor makes the current flow in the circuit by changing the polarities of

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voltage across it. By this the voltage across the capacitor adds up and the value
across it increases to the higher value. Hence in this way, the boost converter
increases the level of voltage. The disadvantage of boost converter is
inmaximum power point tracking, it cannot provide higherlimit.

Proposed DC-DC Converter

The proposed DC-DC converter is shown in Fig.5. This converter has two
input circuits which are fed by the current and alsoconsists of inductors and
switches as shown in the circuit. At first the switches Q1& Q3 are ON and Q2
&Q4 are in OFF condition, so that the currents from inductors 1 and 3 flows to
voltage source whereas the other currents from inductors 2 and 4 flows to
transformerwinding.

Now the other two switches Q2 &Q4 are ON and current in the inductors 2
and 4 also flows to voltage source. Therefore, the current through the
Inductors 1and 3 increases and flows to voltage source.

Figure 5.Proposed DC-DC Converter

In the next step Q1& Q3 are OFF and Q2 &Q4 remains in ON state, so that the
current in the inductors 2 and 4 continues to flow and other two currents flow
to transformer windings as in thefirst step.

Next Q1& Q3 are turned ON again, so that now all the switches are ON. This
works similar to the working in step2. So, all the four currents in Inductors 1,
2, 3 and 4 will increase and flows to voltagesource.

Finally cycle of operation is repeated by Q2 &Q4 are in step1 operation is

carried on.

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FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

The controller used in this paper is Fuzzy logic controller. Fuzzy logic
controller is mainly used to obtain maximum power from the PV modules
under changing weather conditions. It involves mainly threesteps.

1. Fuzzification: It involves taking the crisp input such as change in voltage

reading and combining it with membership function to produce fuzzy
inputs. Membership function must be first assigned for each input. Once
the membership functions are assigned, Fuzzification take a real time
inputs and compares it with the stored membership function information to
produce fuzzy inputvalues.
2. Rule Evaluation: The second step of fuzzy logic processing is the rule
evaluation in which the fuzzy processor uses linguistic rules to determine
what control action should occur in response to the set if input values. The
result of rule evaluation is fuzzy output.
3. Defuzzification: Defuzzification is the inverse process of Fuzzification.

Table 1 Rule Bases Used in the Fuzzy Logic Controller

∆E⁄E PM NM ZE NS PS PB NB

PM PB NB ZE NM PB PB NB

NM NB PB ZE PM NM NB NB

ZE ZE ZE ZE ZE ZE ZE ZE

NS NM PM ZE PS NS NM NB

PS PM NM ZE NS PM PB NB

PB PB NB ZE PM PB PB NB

NB NB PB ZE NB NB NB NB

Fuzzy logic controller is used as a controller for tracking the maximum power
from the PV modules that are capable of producing power under changing
weather conditions and FLC has wide range of applications in renewable
energy resources. The proposed inputs of the FLC are Error (E) and change in
error (CE). The proposed output is the Duty cycle (D).With the help of Fuzzy
logic toolbox in MATLAB, membership functions are designed and different
number of subsets has been used for rule settings of fuzzy logic MPPT. In this
work seven subsets based on forty- nine ruleswereused.Thetuningofforty-nine
rulesrepresentsbetterprecision and dynamic response. Fuzzy rules are framed
and is shown in TABLE-I.

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RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Simulink Model of PV System with Conventional Boost Converter

Figure 6.Simulink Model for the Conventional System

Output Results for Conventional Boost Converter with Fuzzy Logic

Controller
Fig.7 shows Voltage (V) VsTime (sec) curve. Attimet=0, voltage is zero & at
time t=0.05 sec, voltage attains to 23.5V, at time t=0.25 sec the voltage is
constant at24.08V.

Figure 7.Output Voltage for the Boost Converter

The waveform shown in Fig.8 shows Current (A) VsTime (sec).At time t=0,
current is zero ampere, at time t=0.05 sec, current is increased to 0.47A and at
time t=0.25 sec, current remainsconstant at0.485A.

Figure 8.Output Current for the Boost Converter

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Fig.9 shows Power curve. At time t=0, power is zero watts and at time
t=0.05sec, P=10.98W, at time t=0.25sec, P=11.93W i.e., power remains
constant.

Figure 9.Output Power for Boost Converter

Simulink Model of PV System with Proposed Converter

The proposed model of DC-DC converter with Fuzzy logic controller is
realized in the MATLAB SIMULINK which is shown in Fig.10.

Figure 10.Simulink Model for the Proposed System

Output Results for New Converter Topology with Fuzzy Logic Controller
Fig.11 shows voltage (V) Vstime (sec) curve for the proposed converter. For
the value of input voltage 12.08V, the output voltage of the proposed converter
has been increased to 35.42V as shown in the belowFig.10.

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Figure 11.Output Voltage for Proposed Converter

Fig.12 illustrates current curve shows the increment ofcurrent from 0.485A to
2.785A with the proposedconverter.

Figure 12.Output Current for Proposed Converter

The waveform shown in Fig.13 shows power curve with increment in power
from 11.93W to 166.9W with proposed converter.

Figure 13.Output Power for Proposed Converter

Table IIComparison between Two Dc-Dc Converters

Converters Vin Iin(A) Pin(W) Vo/p(V) Io/p(A) Po/p(W)
(V)
Boost 12.08 1.03 12.44 24.08 0.485 11.93
converter

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New 12.08 2.932 59.94 35.42 2.785 166.9

converter
From Table-II, it is observed that the maximum voltage that is tracked from
the solar cell is 12.08V. Both converters i.e.., boost and new converter has
same input voltage. For the same value of input voltages, the output voltage
and output power for boost converter is less when compared to new converter
topology.

CONCLUSION
The proposed method of DC-DC converter produces more output power when
compared to conventional boostconverter. Comparing all the parameters like
input voltage, input current, input power, output voltage, output current, output
power, system performance is improved for the proposed DC-DC converter.
For the same value of input voltage 12.08V, the output power for the proposed
system is increased to 13.98 times of the conventional system. Therefore,
boost converter with fuzzy logic controller can be replaced with new converter
with fuzzy logic controller for future works. The cost of the new converter is
more which is the main drawback, but having a cost effective one for the long
run is much useful in the day-to-day life. Future work can be done onthis
paper for reducing thecost.

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