5th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC 2k19), Oct 10-12, 2019, JUIT,

Solan, India

Technical Survey and review on MPPT techniques to attain

Maximum Power of Photovoltaic system
Davinder Singh, Harjinder Singh
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Punjabi University Patiala (PUNJAB)-India
Email: davindershergill1991@gmail.com , hrjindr@gmail.com

Abstract which electrical signal is converted by PV panel and MPPT

used to control the parameters of generated signal to satisfy
Solar energy is a good source of renewable energy which has the load under various partial conditions. Here different
more demand for containing the energy from renewable techniques are used to satisfy the requirement on which give
resources. It is one of the principal resource which is available a shed light in the following paragraphs.
at free of cost from the Sun to the earth but very high cost of
installation and more expensive techniques to convert this
energy in suitable form. PV module has nonlinear current-
voltage characteristics with the constant maximum power.
That’s why Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
techniques are adopt to attain thehighest power. This study
review gives the latest possible techniques which are used for
attain maximum power and provide the research background
knowledge about recent development in MPPT techniques.
This paper represents the different improved techniques and
used as future research related to optimizing the solar power
generation.

Keyword: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), photo-voltaic

(PV), incremental conductance (INC), perturb and observe
(P&O), fractional open circuit voltage (FVOC), Renewable
Resources Energy (RRE), Non-renewable Energy (NRE)

I. INTRODUCTION
In the salad days of millennium, authorities of India as well
as other countries are tend to use of this renewable sources Fig. 1 Power Voltage and Current-Voltage Curve [1]
of energy in place of non-renewable sources of energy due
to myriad benefits of this energy [2, 4]. Moreover,
consumers are also come in this side to avail the renewable Photovoltaic Converter Load
sources of energy instead to use non-renewable energy Panels
(NRE) sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy because it
emit the harmful gasses by which environment has become
polluted day by day,thus masses suffered by non-curable
diseases like asthma, cancer etc. So, that Indian government
runs many programs related to awareness about the MPPT
renewable resources and also motivated the people time by
time [8, 16, 24, 28, 30, and 31].

Moreover, the efficiency is depended upon new
technologies for PV modules which has usually less than
16% in commercial use [1], [3]. So, there are so many
techniques exist to get peak efficiency. One of them is sun
trackers means some mechanical and electrical equipment
are used to track the suitable place for solar PV module in
the peak hour. Peak hour is that hour in which solar gives
maximum power and the others are depend on electrical
parameters which are varied by electrical equipment in the
output of PV module to achieve maximum power in every
situation [1]. Figure 2 reveals a basic MPPT system in
Fig. 2 Block Diagram of MPPT Controller [1]
II. OVERVIEW OF MPPT TECHNIQUES
A. Perturb and Observe
The paper [9] gave information to use a boost converter to
control the output of solar panel in the form of voltage and
current which is depend on different parameters. Moreover,
the P&O algorithm is used to solve the problems and its
simulation output gives the maximum output which is show
on the oscilloscope in the form of curve [10]. But it has some
disadvantages like tracking related and some other problems

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 5th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC 2k19), Oct 10-12, 2019, JUIT, Solan, India

by which peak power don’t achieve in previous system. Apart

from this, this algorithm was compare the four parameters
and make hybrid system based on P&O [7]. It helps to
maintain the efficiency.MPPT technique to determine the
good response in solar energy and the waveforms.MPPT
technique are used practically with different algorithms in
different situations of sun radiations as per previous
techniques by which it gives correct direction for tracking,
high power without power losses [11]. Moreover, P&Ois one
technique for PV System which used to increaseoutput
response of the traditional P&O [12]. Consequently,common
MPPT algorithms decrease efficiency, variations in output
power and other parameters [18]. Apart from this, it inclined
vitality and used buck converter for good response which has
been run by MATLAB [19].
2.6 Open Circuit Voltage
J. S. Kumari suggested, this designis an algorithm which
depend upon open circuit as well as analysis of open circuit
voltage of MPPT for Photo Voltaic system and it has been
improved the output of solar system with the different types
of inverter by changing the frequencies and other internal
power losses [23].
2.7 Fractional open circuit voltage method (FOCV):
Under this method, there was two parameters such as
maximum voltage and open circuit voltage which are equal
to each other under varying different parameters like
irradiance, temperature and other environmental conditions
by which it became easy to calculate the maximum power
[6]. It is tracked by given equation (1).

B. Modified Perturb & Observe Vmpp=KVoc (1)

It is improved version of MPPT algorithm Perturb and
Observe to overcome the fast variations by environmental The value of K varies between 0.68 to 0.77 and where, the
problems and other parameters by Simulink atmosphere [13]. value of K and Voc, Vmpp can be easily found.
On the other hand, it study the steady state and changeable
climatic circumstances. The performers make a difference 2.8 Fractional short circuit current method (FSCI):
between these techniques to reduce the cost with fine output In this technique the current is used forFOCV method to
[5]. determine the relation of maximum current and short circuit
current of MPP and which is given in following equation
C. Artificial Neural Network (2),
It explains under the Simulink model of an ANN which
Impp=KIsc (2)
occupyingMPPT governor [27]. In this method currents and
voltages are used to attain maximum power of photovoltaic During running condition, it is difficult to measure Isc. At
cells under changeable temperature and radiations [25, 26]. It that time short PV array is converted periodically by added
was increased by 124 suitable arrangements to make a back- additional switch.
propagation algorithm which has approved by different
authorities [14]. III. COMPARISONS ANALYSIS
A. Comparison of different Techniques
D. Incremental Conductance
The given table 1 reveals that MPPT techniques with
N. E. Zakzouk, explained variable-step InC(Incremental
different parameters such as hardware and algorithm
Conductance) technique which is mostly used by researcher
complexity, cost, dynamic tracking, steady tracking,
to improve the peak value of output as well as less steady
state power under shadow effect [14]. Beside this, converter used sensors. Having a myopic look on the table, it
ARDUINO Uno board was used for setup by using low cost is crystal clear that mostly techniques used one parameter
Voltage except P&O and InC techniques which has used
Atmega328 microcontroller [3, 15]. It was investigated by
voltage and current parameters to achieve maximum power
this MPPT technique for umpteen benefits of different
with the help of DC-DC converter. Finally, P&O and InC
parameters for PV module [20].
techniques are expensive techniques but these are mostly
used in solar energy system to attain peak voltage and
E. Constant Voltage
current.
K. A. Aganah and A. W. Leedy [21] founda model which
B. Comparison according to survey of different companies’
has similar voltage which was set the given voltage for
solar Panels
different environmental situations automatically. Along with,
it used analog feed-forward pulse width modulator controller TABLE II. COMPARIOSN OF DIFFERENT COMPANIES SOLAR PANELS
which track the varying environmental conditions of
Maximum Power Point of a solar cell arrangement and it was S.N Paramete Models
also simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Apart from this, o rs Waree 330 Vikram Tata 330
another researcher prepared design for entire PV which use 330
constant voltage to gain over the previous system by 1 Pmax (W) 330 330 330
2 Vmp (V) 36.90 38.61 37.4
numerical simulation in MATLAB under variable
3 Imp (A) 8.95 8.56 8.83
environmental conditions [22].

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 5th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC 2k19), Oct 10-12, 2019, JUIT, Solan, India

4 Isc (A) 9.65 9.14 9.26 for it as well as efficiency became affected. In instance,
5 Voc(V) 45.50 46.4 45.1 Tata’s panel gives 17.2% efficiency whereas other two
6 Efficiency 17.01 17.01 17.2 companies’ panels are giving less efficiency as compare to
(%) previous. This efficiency and other parameters are also
7 Technique P&O , Constant InC affected by environmental conditions such as shadow,
Used Fuzzy Voltage weather problem, installation problems, when it install at
Logic
site. Finally, those problems are solved by use different
MPPT techniques like P&O technique and others. As per
Where, Pmax (Maximum Power), Vmp (Voltage at table panels which made by TATA has more efficiency
maximum power), Imp (Current at maximum Power), which can be more improved by this techniques.
Isc(Short circuit current), Voc (Open circuit Voltage).
However, it cannot be turning a blind eye to the importance
As per comparison table 2 of solar panels which are crystal of these MPPT techniques to improve the efficiency of solar
clear that solar panel of different companies of 330 watt has panels by which save resources and environment because
varied their reading according to technology which are used solar system plays an indispensable role in everyone’s life.
TABLE I. COMPARIOSN OF DIFFERENT COMPANIES SOLAR PANELS

S. MPPT Variable Cost Dynami Algorith Hardwa Steady Convert Sensors

No technique control c m re Trackin er Used
paramet Trackin Comple Comple g
er g xity xity
1 Perturb and Two Expensi Reasona Low Low Reasona DC-DC V&I
observe ve ble ble
2 Incremental Two Expensi High High Low High DC-DC V&I
conductance ve
3 Artificial One Expensi High Medium Medium Medium AC and V
Neural ve DC
Network
4 Constant One Inexpen Reasona Low L Medium DC-DC V
Voltage sive ble o
w

5 Fractional One Inexpen Medium Low Low Medium DC-DC V

open circuit sive
voltage
method
6 Fractional One Inexpen Medium Low Low Medium DC-DC I
short circuit sive
current
method
Whereas, voltage and current are two parameters in Perturb
and Observe and Incremental conductance techniques by
IV. CONCLUSION which adjust the power to the maximum level? In Fractional
The renewable energy means solar energy so now a days it Open Circuit Voltage method only voltage is used by which
become passion due to increasing trend in this method is simple to use but having more cons of power
commercialisation, industrialization and other circumstances loss even without any kind of load. The Incremental
and this paper fulfils the demand of present need to attain conductance method having no losses like other methods
maximum power of solar system with the help of some and this method can achieve maximum power point even
techniques. There are so many techniques from which basic with the variations of environmental conditions unlike
Perturb and Observe technique is simple technique for use Perturb and observe method. On the other hand, difficulty
but it has not given correct maximum power of solar system level of installation, large calculations, use too much
under certain conditions. So there is a great need to change hardware are many drawbacks of this Incremental
this techniques with new one basic perturb and observe conductance method, so this technique used for large PV
technique to reduce the difficulty level of that technology. array.

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 5th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC 2k19), Oct 10-12, 2019, JUIT, Solan, India
Finally, study of different Maximum Power Point Tracking
techniques on the behalf of suitable cost, hardware
complexity, software complexity level, sensors, study
tracking, dynamic tracking and the type of converter which
has been presented in tabular form. Along with, some
companies also take good benefit by use these techniques in
PV system. This paper will be served as a reference paper
for the future work in Photo Voltaic system to attain
maximum power in every situation. In this paper, perturb
and observe power point tracking with electromechanical
sun tracking system has been proposed which helps in
detection of maximum power point under different partial
shading conditions. This paper also shows the present
response of PV panel of different companies and how
improves the old techniques with modified techniques to
improve the efficiency of PV module.
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