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COURSE: AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (AKD20403)

TITLE: LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

ASSIGNMENT NO: 9

PREPARED BY:

MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN AZMAN(53104118098)


4AVM2
MUHAMAD AIMAN BIN ASKAN(53104118250)
4AVM2
MUHAMMAD AFIQ AIMAN BIN MD IRZAN(53104118138)
4AVM2
NUR ATIQAH NABILAH BT RAZALI(53104118185)
4AVM2
IZZAT AMIR FAIQ BIN MUHAINI(53104118267)
4AVM1

DATE OF SUBMISSION : 20 MAY 2020


Figure 1: Aircraft On Ground

1. Figure 1 above show that the aircraft is currently on the ground. List down all proofs
indicating that the aircraft is indeed ON Ground. (Based on Figure 1 alone) .
(10 points)

i. The three green ‘down and locked’ lamps are illuminated due to the closed
contacts in each down lock switch.

ii. The squat switch is in the ground position preventing the gear from being
retracted when on ground.

iii. The down limit switches is in ‘D’ position.

iv. The throttle switch is closed indicating the gear is down but is unlocked.

v. The landing gear selector switch is in ‘Down’ position.


2. Supposed now that the aircraft is airborne (take-off) and pilot is to bring the
landing gear to up and lock position. Explain in detail and with proper sequence the
whole process involved starting from when pilot select the landing gear selection
switch to UP until the landing gear is in up and lock position. (30 points)

Note: Explanation must include but not limited to, the change in position of limit
switch UP and DN (NU, U, ND, & D position), color and position of down and lock
lights as well as the unsafe light or in summary students need to mention and relate
every component stated in the diagram in Figure 1, whenever applicable.

i. The weight of the aircraft comes off the landing gear.

ii. When the pilot selects the ‘Gear Up’ gear position selector switch, power is
supplied to the ‘up’ relay via the normally closed up-lock switch

iii. It will energizes the ‘up’ relay’ and the contacts is closed.

iv. The hydraulic pressure switch contacts will also be closed.

v. The squat switch will change position from ‘ground’ to ‘flight’.

vi. Power supply from the circuit breaker will flow through the gear ‘up’ contacts and
power up the pump motor and starts to drive the pump.

vii. Hydraulic switch which is in low pressure will be driven to retract the landing
gear.

viii. As the landing gear changes position (move away from ground position), the
down limit switches contacts move from ‘D’ to ‘ND’ position thus removing the
supply to the three green ‘down and locked’ lights.

ix. The three green ‘down and locked’ light will then extinguishes.

x. The unsafe light which is red illuminates via the ‘NU’ contacts in any of the down
limit switch.

xi. When the gear is fully retracted the up limit switch contacts move from ‘ND’ to
the ‘U’ position interrupting the supply to the landing gear motor.

xii. Therefore, landing gear will remain in ‘up and locked’ position’.

xiii. At this up and lock position, all the lights, (unsafe lights and down and locked
lights) which are red and green should go off.
3. Based on Figure 1 above, in which situation will the Warning Horn be activated?
(There are minimum two situations) (15 points)

The warning horn is activated by a micro switch on the throttle linkages. The micro
switch is normally open when the throttles are open, but will close when the throttles are
reduced below a particular power setting. There are two situations in which Warning
Horn was activated.

i. The gear is in the up and locked position or when the gear selected to down but is
unlocked which the throttle is closed. This occurs via the throttle switch and deactivated
downlock switches.

Ii. By pressing the horn test switch with the throttles in the closed position. The horn is
self latching in that it will continue to sound once activated. The horn can only be
de-energised by pressing the horn silencer switch which interrupts the horn supply by
energising the silencer relay. The relay incorporates a hold in circuit so that it will remain
energised until DC power is removed.
4. Based on Figure 2 below, explain the operation or the function of Horn Silencer
switch and the silencer relay. (15 points)

Figure 2

Based on Figure 2, the warning horn circuit is completed. The function of horn
silencer switch is to interrupt the horn supply. It operates when the horn test switch is
pressed with throttles in closed position. The horn is a self-latching component thus, it
will continue to sound once activated. The power supply will supply power to the
throttle switch and finally to the horn to complete the operation. By pressing the horn
silencer switch, the horn will be de-energizes and muted. The horn contacts will be
closed thus energizes the silencer relay. Therefore, it will pull the contact closed and
let the pathway to the horn opens. Thus, the horn is de-energizes as the supply is
interrupted. The open horn circuit will make the horn stop working. The relay
incorporates a hold in circuit so that it will remain energised until DC power is
removed.
5. The moment the landing gear assembly reaching the up & lock position as well as
down & lock position, the LG assembly will stop instantly thus avoiding overrunning
of the assembly, with the help of a dynamic braking mechanism. Explain in detail
what is dynamic braking mechanism? (30 points)

Note: You may need to elaborate your arguments and findings with a suitable
schematic diagram. (Research)

With dynamic braking, the electrical energy generated during stopping is released as
heat through a voltage regulated transistor and resistor. There are actually two versions of
a dynamic braking circuit: a “chopper” and a “dynamic brake.” The dynamic brake circuit
includes the switching device (an insulated-gate bipolar transistor, or IGBT), the control
circuit, and the resistor.

A chopper, on the other hand, only includes the regulatory circuit and switching device,
with the resistors being separate components. This allows the resistors to be appropriately
sized and mounted remotely, which can be important, since the resistors generate a
significant amount of heat. The combination of switching device and control circuit is
generally referred to as the “chopper module,” while the resistor is referred to as a
“dynamic brake resistor.” Dynamic brakes are typically rated for duty cycles in the 20
percent range, and choppers are often used in heavier-duty applications.
References

1. https://vle.unikl.edu.my/course/view.php?id=8218

2. https://www.motioncontroltips.com/faq-what-is-dynamic-braking-and-when-is-it-use
d/

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