TAFT EgUATI ON

Shudied addvestes
RemmetE nion tt we have
te a du chive Cun CSon a nie elqsultkheni

(Te imkin
indutbe and 3esunane bt a
ta as eleetronic elkui Hammel equalios
deas He sulskt.nab).
cleak'orde ttett
Bt addvesies stic
Suls tuet.
la Hammel Eanti a te ion gak Bengit aai d
-eken a 8tandsd Teactiog 4 othe
In Tak gpatoo, te estev
eos aidie medium is talen standavd.
Ceaett ")
The
The Shansdeid atioa Car be ot a
R = Me

R on +MeOH
on
O Me

Mechani Nome

OMe
o0-
(o OH
RToMe
R On
OH

St), b and(Bntein
and (BB
3 d s . 3ate
lo detesmiaina
Same ekrg e ) and Subb tuen (ie.'P")t
dontet doe't have an {eet.
v»le
Buehet in d-S play aimpoytaat
stesic

t H,ô) ha to tac H
nComg ueleophile
Coba Casbon, o t natuit e R (oLetes
Ce b
itis
i s
bullk
bull o Sm dtctale he Yatet
Yeacoa.
alo Ste etov Cn be s

iYali censt
hwe k
ov shandard eatuon
y8t Constt oilt
x
Me Yeplared b
ohih has d ent stes

Stesi
ablleie a M en

nd e esehon l
ia Aueleonk:le
hn der

be
he Sooes en stan dard ea etion.

E 0 (-v).
Me ten he
S a SmalleY 41oup

3adosd Beactho
Seata u bettes Han

Nceehon is Conidesed ndex beti

No
No am
Con di i ( ester kydulyi it aeelat" ndey
baSic Cond:fias).
 Poocunt.
OMC Ro
. O

A
R tH2 b Stsadvd attioo.
R 1 t
ot Subsktahan ae tion s .

Y.dS

involvedi Xeattio
ou tuaidey and A

etaat is neutraulsle
C See a t H
iatesme.cda te is negahivel iehenee
Thevep1e eletranie
Therepe elt will
oltek t ation

ble Ca Hammel Cqmaian. In addbiq

inder
oeS R ou
ense he Movement inteming nueeopkile odey ding
sig bae e l
elesbrlyo est Cn torpaSSe)
eleutsnit and stesc ekeak
us hey

Alo io Dvd to n d oe
had okRe aleskvorde inelnd
Sue a sion voeave gustwct
onab ttsn ie.

(electroit
C) -.
 (4)
eaatie be

8ase
ushet Kaetioo p«3amtTer

cleterie etov
Stesic Sfesic
S tve
iac eazin
Shesi Senskt l Llnes de
cseo e ate
stesic
S- -Ve, ineYeatia
bulleiness tncteafe t vw

HAMMOND's Pos7ULATE
TE e a bet nat traa ihioa

stal (T.s) w s8ek h t's posihon gehthve to

uctaotpvodud
mese esembles Hat
The ac td eonglex/nasi kun 4ate
otesmecai o poodut tis n
adia sceAt Sea etant
closesf eneßA To, a lon a e Cnesyeene
betioeen the tansibion stale ans adjastent+

Stsuetate S at too
 (
*Coaside t lloina exA
s4E Lt

Exthet mic Yeac thicn.

rmasi
tion
e
Teeoat

-Earl

Resem
ble ene
sttust
TS

Reacheo Codinte .
pduet bpduet

EnddHesoie Reahoa
b
& e n e d

Reem
s t u e t u s e (prp e a )

Roaetio a coodinae

Yansln stk
eae ta and meduk
poduk
D y m m e t Vsetent tuo.
i Stue
*hre
mi
o ad

Reae tion oo6cinate

KINE TI CC ISo70PIC EFFCCT (kIE)

no o S0,
for iatseCoNueon pet
cayden.
chestsy (d Gdrkion)
OVaanit
into Re Sa de tevmit
in siat

Ctds)
To
ind ou kle", S«bsttate a
pankeular poSition
Yca etant an sabsti bG
D
*lo -ha nxt sent vaue Sal Conrtant îs

de tes mined eae tant

deute si (k)
ch3

Kraekion

H-CW 6, epe
CM3
Rarion Ra
Ssulestih u e
CD3 CD 2
C N D2
-P4Me
l r l i d teleuleled ad
Alo a Stion
hon mezhanis m
Seae

dopn di
bepreokertad.
Can
 kinCTL ISooPIl EFFECT
PRIMAR

lo primaK
kiE e Sbstited Lond s bsan Lins
bseakin

O Soone eaßeg dS
Rencsoa to os siasle does en 9-bst tutioa t

nca
neaheng (zoso qntenexD
poima vae Sungas 7
Ne vvesp.ads 6 lavy ene

ireene betoeen C- and c-Din rea cfan

and bo bxteen aud
vey
entK dfesene C-H

C-Dbond breakiy vma too

CH2

B
A k-6.7
Meckans
-C

Theve pes Psma k16.

ranssbr.n stele
Lin ean
Inlvinq
Tvansi hioa Stale.
(2) lnvolia Non-ineas
 P'sina kI6 7
Rl6 Liaca yansition Stnë

CM 3 N.OEE
6 61

Me

enae

9 tsangiln
stsue tuve

sat R A
be Smmefi el.
# ame

b.a
Pasha
Ymation
h a pp e n y

b o n d b r e a k i h a p p e r

1k 1sonitioa stale
b r e a k i

.e..is tye
-H- -- B A +B-H
A-H+ B A
SLactis
gentsally have hial
hae
 Psiena kinetic su-topic Ft i Alan- boe
Yansi tio0 st
C3 Yds
7
C

OXR2 - = 3
+RN-OO

alo e (
alealy
Re fsansihoa statt ko ot aca
Meckani v

OR2

CA
Transitiea stle Nha- liness This tsengih'so stai

#
i s m etrsicelly
Coostreined.
&)NR

A-R+ B A 3-H

JP
4Heve een tt. obsesve primeny kiE
vu s k lose 8e.
BE (oN DARY KIE

Se Se conday k1E Re sspie Substtutio o

cecuvs
o A
psHons t tAat e bond
oieh boecks ox ms dusioa s
*Alo6nll Sue eceHons nislvs
*Duc
ac
chinaicbsabian
bnd le d:exeate C-an d -D
an d
beads Re s desene steac
uri bendis VLti ons
lo Se coad kIG, tRe (k Vaure

betee Oand

R
X
X R

s bidsd Ssp ybi died

TotoehedsaCa CAsbo ckioa

vbvations ave kindered

No e
C-Hbendina
enme otRer sktn
Sps hybaidise d easbon .'. stevie
is hisa und ke asoiats o poiot

Oa te otes hand ikoe co0eidex c bendina

vbs tio ewen thsa entounte r stesic indyan
otRex Subs e n s tta
is mu mall8 sae C-D bendf i
&malle
Smalex when c m p a ed t C-H and te enknd
eaend
upto a ieh e se beads in Spae is
ComaYed c-H bends.
caaboo nte. all +e
B hbridi sed
Subsitutnth
plana A stesic
V.bratium and
kin dsa nee okhen he ben dn
mt a dexen
Segult Rer not

ta te and -D
e9 at Cnc
pt enesa vs Reaio n Coesias
avoli hnbridi sat.
di m
6esetion
cha sp
Cnes d
C
-H

Enes
A h and

Ves Smalene1
btuo
dC- dt Letus c-P
C
(SP card C-D
Reaetion Cooddaete.

As it eiden plut acketi

C-H bsad aitis
c-bbond ( 4 E,)
a tion s hve iavese
anes\
sel.un (esarluded ft Ytaoas

inl s hbvioi sahoo aelangt

Cutonl
H
 (a

Ne Setua Secead-S k1E inolug Sp t Sp

bis4ioa hs
vae toren

loTma1E (
) CA 2
+
CR

Sybri
died

TS

(Sp) P
Sp
Reaethion CooxanaE

As
As a cca td ia fst E.>ED
s b id:sekoa .

One

k
Su ki6 led lnvesse
 13
SoLVENT EFFECcT
Cayied i n o l v
Asually
*Osganic Seaetioni aD
btveltively
as
alSo o n
Veslos ia numbes

ensl
oH Fo (ub)
in k
sm in
tautbonesism
tautoonei
et
{fs
Alos we tensides a bov
Cone

Solvane Key
Gasp kae
Solvent
Cuelohexane 60 polasit

chloro osM 148

Acetonitsle (cM)
Wates
&ovenk
poasiîncxesses t
ke
an be seen, a
As
eulGbium 8ik to eto
inpee oai da
den
0snt, '
tale te
above e4il v u
t
tn
oale,
svenk9kiad slorsi Compound nl
tte
band th egachions
dron ke anl nel
Com)AG
ved bon 14 esaebony
deTe dr
ket TTm hent
hentt
1
k6 in k
"
Afabise
 1
Nos ue t to invesksal/ he thes olvent has
Sueh an 8 in altess te Ta g tte
Seacho a
ala osder
tostud slvent efeet in raa
ea ction koel take subsitua Seoctisa

C3n2 and Sa) and ho intuened

ati is intu ened

bb hangia ekaaaeinSolven polarilg

Lt's 4+»le Ca y

Case TYansiton sal is st.L:red moye

move than
than veatlanl wles
Salvk pulasis
A .
ncs 2a ed

TS Solvt
- Ron polas
- Pola luet

-P.

Reachan Co adinsle >

ln te ese lessslr ovAon-poled slvab
aehiya tion enca ane s
ahivahioo Cnca ohen a more
laY lvenk is
uSrs.

Heve due to Re mose2

stabilsa hion Retyansition
slata
slat incseoginaSlvent »lasil activabea en
Scce ken t
slvent polailg intseat ef
ie E a , k,
 13 ex amp (SYk)
Le's no take an

,C-B O OR
RC- OH *

Meshani,)

S RC + nRc-D
R-B ITS

T1-
hon stk
Traas
eacant (A) and

Heva ohen
Copae
stnte
tn te tza nsikin
is preent
Senasatoo
el min charvge Snecie
SD
a
as
e încveas

il Yeattand- ont mose

tan
sot stabilises TS
minnls

Beatant 7.S ve i s e o r s ctinn Sea tant).

to t t 9 Setat
uskn Compekee

chtees(pule) aeae
i Solvat poles, fta.
As a auk the extrd
seachiog aceer
SN Yoaetin.

tRt
Mo
tan
acsease Mue

stak a

stabi«d mose Ron sas kioo

Keaetant is
Cas
Cape
polavi inseaSed

solnt
poerwa peler
T.S L solveat
-
Mese r /P.lox
EneS
R
- P

Raattien oo diaalt
 due iacseed sbilisahed
Cae

hen Compased t TS o cYeagiosolvenT

poli ochvatio0 ene acSees

E and k k
s.ert ocsenee,
Yesti0

L Yencho

H H+NR
-NRR +o
M ee k a n i t

, C NR y -. NR

S
Seacants end
ind
Conps e cha3 o
we kas
t be Scen 4Rat R nc fant
thesi tioo slkt, can

le TS is
C o a catntid
entmtd
o t i

o
dispetd. et
incseated, Seactnt i
svent polasils is
S as

aat
Sbired move n 7.s. (: Sae is M re pels

ttan 1 s)
Seactog looinkh Conbe Seen
tov N
sovant p.lorsit oa
on inrseasig
iacseasirg
ekge6teet
Reaeten T nikiun
Stes d slven_pslasity
Sate aera
L G - l e a v T
Nue R-LG (chgd) INt....R dee v e a y

RAll R- sale neseasef

Tut
Nut+R-LG (tlny)
Nu

LGleav
-(J-) ate dee gea ses.
u Rth (dny

Nat t R=LG
ceketedNue
RL
LaJ
 Shall ole ot oKeoachons olieh cn be

decep kay Sionilas te ve

Coas fant in to dexat a : t d (kioal
polavel osie t oncog mec honisminoluved.

1S

B-O N J C N

N C

eaehon om nen pel

(c) t polov (en) tHle t St'nce

e slvenh is alm
ta bst
Setio «le Cantkants
ons
Diel-4llev
Sit Yeahoa sepresenh
Th
Caacexted xefion involu
Ystha used is

seies

tt.t4 is also
The Si R impbessig
2 Yeachoa ma

Cotesrd buk il actunly pseceeds a sfep- te Ma nned

eats
Tis
Thsis evdent (om t . ati ARe vat csar

cn,c to, foo

Yos.te
Yeseto n iaalves a s d specis
N
N CN CN

c CN
C