High-Rise Building:

Green Architecture and Sustainable Plan

(Lyka P. Tanay)

College of Engineering and Architecture – BS. Architecture

University of Batangas, Lipa

Abstract

Architecture is characterized as a symbiotic relationship between function,

aesthetics, technology, and economics. The notion of technological advancement in

architecture for a sustainable society is introduced in this article. The idea is based on a

systematic relationship between building-climate-energy. We may establish three

technological stages of modern architecture based on the scientific examination of this

relationship. Low energy design, which prioritizes the element of energy, represents the

lowest level. Here, climate is determined solely by physical criteria. It is distinguished by

the generation of emissions that diminish the Earth's bio-capacity. Green architecture,

which prioritizes both energy and ecological, represents a higher quality of architecture.

Here, physical and chemical factors define the climate. It is distinguished by a trend

toward lower emissions production and a shift toward ecologically friendly energy,

materials, and water sources. Sustainable architecture is the goal of human settlement

development in the interaction of society, energy, and nature. It is distinguished by the

balance of the categories nature-man-technology and by limiting emissions production to

the extent of their covered by the Earth's ecosystems. This article discusses green

building design strategies. The basic framework of the plan specifies, and the internal

structure of the strategy stresses, green building ideas and concepts. Renewable energy

sources play a critical part in this approach as a production technique of the capital offered

by nature to man.

Keywords – green architecture, sustainable,

Introduction

Architecture in the information age requires interdisciplinary and integrated

conceptions. Information age significantly influences especially technological aspect of

the architecture in the most significant fields which is ecology, energy, water and material.

The architecture in its complex is understood as a symbiosis of function, aesthetics,

technology and economy. There is no superiority or inferiority of the mentioned fields of

the symbiosis in the architecture. It represents the interaction of mass-ecology-energy

emanating from the natural balance of mass and energy. This common interaction in the

specific issue of architecture transforms itself into the system relation building-climate-

energy. Building represents the material basis and equally constructional design of its

details, elements and systems. Climate represents the interior and exterior environment

in the complex of its physical and chemical parameters. In the term climate there is also

the ecological quality of the environment included. Energy as a feature of the mass and

the quantitative rate of motion, expressing the ability of material systems to produce work

on the basis of inner changes is defined in this system relation.

Review of Related Literature

Architectural form emphasizing design applications of advanced structural and

utility system for high rise buildings.

Advanced structural and utility system used in high rise development

The structural and utility system used in high rise development is a

challenging construction design. One of the most complex and at the same time

vital aspects of the system includes high rise building columns, support beams,

and footings that are typically under deep-water pressure. The construction

process starts with production of a soil model to obtain data on site geology,

groundwater conditions, and rock types for structural design. The civil engineer will

then compile data for design parameters including stiffness ratios between soil

layers due to different depths.

Advanced architectural technology in building design.

Architecture is the ultimate art form for buildings, but it also includes creative

use of construction materials and technology. Architects have many tools at their

disposal to create innovative buildings; they can create a three-dimensional

computer model of the design, or draw sketches on paper. They may use a laser

scanner to take measurements of the site, or architectural software on a laptop

computer.
 A good architect will consider many technical factors in planning

construction — such as climate control, building codes, and sound vibration

ratings. They'll also make sure that the building matches its surroundings with an

eye to how neighbors will view it from their windows! Modern architects are now

using advanced architectural technology in building design that was unheard of

even a few decades ago.

Further Readings:

1. Architectural styles

An architectural style is a set of qualities and features that distinguish a building or

other structure from others. It is a sub-category of style in the visual arts in general, and

most architectural styles are strongly related to a broader current aesthetic style. Form,

manner of construction, building materials, and regional character are all examples of

aspects that may be found in a style. Most architecture may be classed according to a

style chronology, which evolves over time to reflect changing trends, beliefs, and

religions, or the introduction of new ideas, technology, or materials that enable new styles.

2. Architectural techniques

Architectural Techniques is about architectural representation—the study of drawing,

modeling, and digital applications to the design process. The course introduces software

as a design tool and is intended to assist students in the generation of two- and three-

dimensional information required for the production of architectural renderings and

fabrications. The course, which focuses on the interaction between architecture and
modern manufacturing technologies, also provides a chance to learn about the history of

architectural representation and fundamental methodologies, providing a broad

foundation from which to operate. At the end of the course, students should be able to

use the needed tools for architectural design exploration and communication, such as

Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign, as well as Autodesk AutoCAD, Rhino, 3DS

Max, and Revit.

3. Green Architecture Techniques / Technology

Green building technology comprises the use of sophisticated technologies to create

structures that have little to no negative environmental impact throughout their lifespan,

including design, construction, operation, maintenance, restoration, and destruction.

Because of the numerous advantages of green building technology, builders all over the

globe are rapidly embracing concepts that result in structures that are efficient in terms of

construction and operating expenses.

Although construction approaches vary by area, the primary concept of green building

technology focuses on energy efficiency, materials efficiency, water efficiency, operations

and maintenance optimization, and waste and toxin reduction.

The general purpose of green building is to limit the negative environmental

consequences of buildings, such as the production of carbon dioxide and other poisonous

gases, as well as the depletion of earth's resources due to irresponsible harvesting of

construction materials.
1. Bladeless Turbines

A "bladeless" wind turbine, designed to appease protesters who object

to the aesthetic and acoustic effect of standard three-blade turbines, might

be unveiled shortly.

The turbine's design also allows it to be employed in geothermal

applications, in which a heated fluid drives the turbine. Because the turbine

operates even with relatively chilly fluid, it might be especially beneficial in

cases when the geothermal source does not deliver enough heat to create

the "superheated" steam required to power a traditional steam engine.

One significant advantage of not having blades is lower maintenance

expenses. For example, turbines can be positioned on towers or poles,

while generating equipment can be located at the tower base, minimizing

the need for routine maintenance to be performed on the tower.

Furthermore, the turbines only need to be installed high enough to clear

surrounding obstructions to wind flow. Because there are no exterior blades

that require ground clearance, the tower may be far shorter than those used

for turbines with blades.

 2. Biogas Generator

Biogas is one of many renewable energy systems that provide greater

independence at very low cost. Produced gas from anaerobic digestion of

organic material will usually be piped from the top of the tank to a biogas

cooking stove and/or biogas lights.

 3. Kinetic Floor system

The technology is essentially a multipurpose, unique flooring system

equipped with a wireless transmitter that captures data from the tiles and

generators that harvest kinetic energy as people walk.

4. Solar Glass System

Solar glass is a type of building-integrated photovoltaics that is intended to

replace traditional building materials in areas such as rooftops, skylights,

facades, and windows in order to generate power more effectively.

 5. Photo Voltaic System

An electric power system that uses photovoltaics to generate useable solar

electricity. It is made up of a number of components, including solar panels to

absorb and convert sunlight into energy, a solar inverter to convert the output

from direct to alternating current, and mounting, cabling, and other electrical

accessories to complete a functional system.

4. Architectural approaches

There are various approaches to architectural design, just as there are in any other

subject. The method you choose to an initial design will shape the entire project. As a

result, it's critical to choose a design strategy and stick with it until the project is finished.

1. Building Automation

Building automation is a control system that directs the performance of

essential building services. Automation may have an impact on many areas

of a building's everyday operations, although it is most typically used to

regulate HVAC and electrical systems. Building automation is controlled by

a BAS, or Building Automation System, which handles all of the linked

automations in a building. By controlling processes, integrated building

automation automatically decreases energy waste and shrinks energy

consumption behaviors.
 2. Zero Waste Approach

It is a way of saving all resources without having to burn or discard any

extra materials. We have numerous options for achieving that aim. In

general, it necessitates responsible production, consumption, reuse, and

recovery of all resources, from raw materials to final goods and even

product packaging. In a nutshell, anything that does not have to go to waste

must be utilized or reused in some form.

 3. Intelligent Building

A systems approach to building design is a good place to start when

thinking about business, space, and building management. An intelligent

building assists an organization in achieving its goals by enabling resource

management and thereby boosting the organization's effectiveness and

efficiency. At a more fundamental level, intelligent buildings can mimic

societal and technological evolution while also adapting to human

demands.
 4. Indoor Green Space

Energy efficiency, resource conservation, and health are three essential

aspects of "green" interior design. Optimizing energy efficiency while

designing or rebuilding an interior minimizes emissions and saves

resources over the life of the interior. While enhancing energy efficiency

may be more expensive up front, lowering energy use saves money and

pays for itself in the long run.

Designing with resource conservation in mind necessitates judicious use

of scarce resources. Interior design with a long, adaptive lifetime or potential

reuse in mind saves costs in the long run by lowering the need for remodels

or eliminating waste in future remodels. Furthermore, "green" interior design

preserves consumers' health by planning for wellbeing and preventing

indoor air pollution.

 5. Interior Environmental Humidity Control System

The management of temperature and humidity in indoor environmental

environments is being researched. A constant volume heating and

humidification system with a boiler, a heating coil, ducting, and a fan is

discussed, as is a two-zone building. Temperature and humidity control

models are created, as well as multivariable controllers. The reactions of

the closed loop system to step disruptions in external temperatures and

relative humidity are reported. In addition, results demonstrating the closed

loop system's typical-day operational performance are provided.

5. Sick building syndrome

The term sick building syndrome (SBS) refers to a condition in which building

occupants have acute health or comfort-related symptoms that appear to be directly

proportional to the time spent in the building. There is no unique ailment or cause that

can be recognized. Complainants may be concentrated in a single area or zone, or they

may be dispersed across the structure.

The following are the signs and symptoms of sick building syndrome:

Headache, dizziness, nausea, irritation of the eyes, nose, or throat, dry

cough, dry or itchy skin, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, sensitivity to odors,

hoarseness of voice, allergies, cold, flu-like symptoms, increased incidence of

asthma attacks, and personality changes are all possible symptoms.

The cause of the symptoms is not known. It lowers productivity and raises

absenteeism. The majority of complainants report relief immediately after leaving

the building, while neurotoxins can have long-lasting effects.

6. Building Code guidelines on high rise structures / Local Ordinance for FLAR

403.1 Applicability

High-rise buildings shall comply with Sections 403.2 through 403.6.

Exception: The provisions of Sections 403.2 through 403.6 shall not apply to the following

buildings and structures:

1. Airport traffic control towers in accordance with Section 412.2.

2. Open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.5.

3. The portion of a building containing a Group A-5 occupancy in accordance

with Section 303.6.

4. Special industrial occupancies in accordance with Section 503.1.1.

5. Buildings containing any one of the following:

1. A Group H-1 occupancy.

2. A Group H-2 occupancy in accordance with Section

415.8, 415.9.2, 415.9.3 or 426.1.

3. A Group H-3 occupancy in accordance with Section 415.8.

403.2 Construction

The construction of high-rise buildings shall comply with the provisions of

Sections 403.2.1 through 403.2.4.

403.2.1 Reduction in Fire-Resistance Rating

The fire-resistance rating reductions listed in Sections 403.2.1.1 and 403.2.1.2 shall be

allowed in buildings that have sprinkler control valves equipped with supervisory initiating

devices and water-flow initiating devices for each floor.

403.2.1.1 Type of Construction

The following reductions in the minimum fire-resistance rating of the building

elements in Table 601 shall be permitted as follows:

1. For buildings not greater than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, the fire-

resistance rating of the building elements in Type IA construction shall be

permitted to be reduced to the minimum fire-resistance ratings for the building

elements in Type IB.

Exception: The required fire-resistance rating of columns supporting floors shall not be

reduced.

2. In other than Group F-1, H-2, H-3, H-5, M and S-1 occupancies, the fire-

resistance rating of the building elements in Type IB construction shall be

permitted to be reduced to the fire-resistance ratings in Type IIA.

3. The building height and building area limitations of a building containing building

elements with reduced fire-resistance ratings shall be permitted to be the same as

the building without such reductions.

403.2.1.2 Shaft Enclosures

For buildings not greater than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, the required fire-

resistance rating of the fire barriers enclosing vertical shafts, other than interior exit
stairway and elevator hoist way enclosures, is permitted to be reduced to 1 hour

where automatic sprinklers are installed within the shafts at the top and at alternate floor

levels.

403.2.2 Seismic Considerations

For seismic considerations, see Chapter 16.

[BS] 403.2.3 Structural Integrity of Interior Exit Stairways and Elevator Hoist way

Enclosures

For high-rise buildings of Risk Category III or IV in accordance with Section 1604.5, and

for all buildings that are more than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, enclosures

for interior exit stairways and elevator hoist way enclosures shall comply with

Sections 403.2.3.1 through 403.2.3.4.

[BS] 403.2.3.1 Wall Assembly

The wall assemblies making up the enclosures for interior exit stairways and elevator

Hostway enclosures shall meet or exceed Soft Body Impact Classification Level 2 as

measured by the test method described in ASTM C1629/C1629M.

[BS] 403.2.3.2 Wall Assembly Materials

The face of the wall assemblies making up the enclosures for interior exit stairways and

elevator hoist way enclosures that are not exposed to the interior of the enclosures

for interior exit stairways or elevator hoist way enclosure shall be constructed in

accordance with one of the following methods:

 1. The wall assembly shall incorporate not fewer than two layers of impact-resistant

construction board each of which meets or exceeds Hard Body Impact

Classification Level 2 as measured by the test method described in ASTM

C1629/C1629M.

2. The wall assembly shall incorporate not less than one layer of impact-resistant

construction material that meets or exceeds Hard Body Impact Classification Level

3 as measured by the test method described in ASTM C1629/C1629M.

3. The wall assembly incorporates multiple layers of any material, tested in tandem

that meets or exceeds Hard Body Impact Classification Level 3 as measured by

the test method described in ASTM C1629/C1629M.

[BS] 403.2.3.3 Concrete and Masonry Walls

Concrete or masonry walls shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of

Sections 403.2.3.1 and 403.2.3.2.

[BS] 403.2.3.4 Other Wall Assemblies

Any other wall assembly that provides impact resistance equivalent to that required by

Sections 403.2.3.1 and 403.2.3.2 for Hard Body Impact Classification Level 3, as

measured by the test method described in ASTM C1629/C1629M, shall be permitted.

403.2.4 Sprayed Fire-Resistant Materials (SFRM)

ILLUSTRATION

The bond strength of the SFRM installed throughout the building shall be in accordance

with Table 403.2.4.

TABLE 403.2.4MINIMUM BOND STRENGTH

HEIGHT OF BUILDING SFRM MINIMUM BOND STRENGTH

Up to 420 feet 430 psf

Greater than 420 feet 1,000 psf

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kN/m 2.

a. Above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.

[F] 403.3 Automatic Sprinkler System

Buildings and structures shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler

system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and a secondary water supply where

required by Section 403.3.3.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be required in spaces or areas of:

1. Open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.5.

2. Telecommunications equipment buildings used exclusively for

telecommunications equipment, associated electrical power distribution

equipment, batteries and standby engines, provided that those spaces

or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic fire detection system in

accordance with Section 907.2 and are separated from the remainder of the
 building by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance

with Section 707 or not less than 2-hour horizontal assemblies constructed in

accordance with Section 711, or both.

[F] 403.3.1 Number of Sprinkler Risers and System Design

Each sprinkler system zone in buildings that are more than 420 feet (128 m) in building

height shall be supplied by not fewer than two risers. Each riser shall supply sprinklers on

alternate floors. If more than two risers are provided for a zone, sprinklers on adjacent

floors shall not be supplied from the same riser.

[F] 403.3.1.1 Riser Location

Sprinkler risers shall be placed in interior exit stairways and ramps that are remotely

located in accordance with Section 1007.1.

[F] 403.3.2 Water Supply to Required Fire Pumps

In buildings that are more than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, required fire pumps

shall be supplied by connections to not fewer than two water mains located in different

streets. Separate supply piping shall be provided between each connection to the water

main and the pumps. Each connection and the supply piping between the connection and

the pumps shall be sized to supply the flow and pressure required for the pumps to

operate.
Exception: Two connections to the same main shall be permitted provided that the main

is valve such that an interruption can be isolated so that the water supply will continue

without interruption through not less than one of the connections.

[F] 403.3.3 Secondary Water Supply

An automatic secondary on-site water supply having a capacity not less than the

hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand, including the hose stream requirement, shall

be provided for high-rise buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F as

determined by Section 1613. An additional fire pump shall not be required for the

secondary water supply unless needed to provide the minimum design intake pressure

at the suction side of the fire pump supplying the automatic sprinkler system. The

secondary water supply shall have a duration of not less than 30 minutes.

[F] 403.3.4 Fire Pump Room

Fire pumps shall be located in rooms protected in accordance with Section 913.2.1.

[F] 403.4 Emergency Systems

ILLUSTRATION

The detection, alarm and emergency systems of high-rise buildings shall comply with

Sections 403.4.1 through 403.4.8.

[F] 403.4.1 Smoke Detection

Smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.1.

[F] 403.4.2 Fire Alarm System

A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.

[F] 403.4.3 Standpipe System

ILLUSTRATION

A high-rise building shall be equipped with a standpipe system as required by Section

905.3.

[F] 403.4.4 Emergency Voice/Alarm Communication System

An emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be provided in accordance

with Section 907.5.2.2.

[F] 403.4.5 Emergency Responder Radio Coverage

Emergency responder radio coverage shall be provided in accordance with Section 510

of the International Fire Code.

[F] 403.4.6 Fire Command

A fire command center complying with Section 911 shall be provided in a

location approved by the fire code official.

[F] 403.4.7 Smoke Removal

To facilitate smoke removal in post-fire salvage and overhaul operations, buildings and

structures shall be equipped with natural or mechanical ventilation for removal of products

of combustion in accordance with one of the following:

1. Easily identifiable, manually operable windows or panels shall be distributed

around the perimeter of each floor at not more than 50-foot (15 240 mm) intervals.

The area of operable windows or panels shall be not less than 40 square feet (3.7

m2) per 50 linear feet (15 240 mm) of perimeter.

Exceptions:

1. In Group R-1 occupancies, each sleeping unit or suite having an exterior

wall shall be permitted to be provided with 2 square feet (0.19 m 2) of

venting area in lieu of the area specified in Item 1.

2. Windows shall be permitted to be fixed provided that glazing can be cleared

by fire fighters.

2. Mechanical air-handling equipment providing one exhaust air change every 15

minutes for the area involved. Return and exhaust air shall be moved directly to

the outside without recirculation to other portions of the building.

3. Any other approved design that will produce equivalent results.

[F] 403.4.8 Standby and Emergency Power

A standby power system complying with Section 2702 and Section 3003 shall be

provided for the standby power loads specified in Section 403.4.8.3. An emergency

power system complying with Section 2702 shall be provided for the emergency

power loads specified in Section 403.4.8.4.

[F] 403.4.8.1 Equipment Room

If the standby or emergency power system includes a generator set inside a building, the

system shall be located in a separate room enclosed with 2-hour fire barriers constructed

in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance

with Section 711, or both. System supervision with manual start and transfer features

shall be provided at the fire command center.

Exception: In Group I-2, Condition 2, manual start and transfer features for the critical

branch of the emergency power are not required to be provided at the fire command

center.

[F] 403.4.8.2 Fuel Line Piping Protection

Fuel lines supplying a generator set inside a building shall be separated from areas of the

building other than the room the generator is located in by an approved method or

assembly that has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours. Where the building is

protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance

with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the required fire-resistance rating shall be reduced

to 1 hour.

[F] 403.4.8.3 Standby Power Loads

ILLUSTRATION

The following are classified as standby power loads:

1. Ventilation and automatic fire detection equipment for smoke proof enclosures.
 2. Elevators.

3. Where elevators are provided in a high-rise building for accessible means of

egress, fire service access or occupant self-evacuation, the standby power

system shall also comply with Sections 1009.4, 3007 or 3008, as applicable.

[F] 403.4.8.4 Emergency Power Loads

The following are classified as emergency power loads:

1. Exit signs and means of egress illumination required by Chapter 10.

2. Elevator car lighting.

3. Emergency voice/alarm communications systems.

4. Automatic fire detection systems.

5. Fire alarm systems.

6. Electrically powered fire pumps.

7. Power and lighting for the fire command center required by Section 403.4.6.

403.5 Means of Egress and Evacuation

The means of egress in high-rise buildings shall comply with

Sections 403.5.1 through 403.5.6.

403.5.1 Remoteness of Interior Exit Stairways

ILLUSTRATION

Required interior exit stairways shall be separated by a distance not less than 30 feet

(9144 mm) or not less than one-fourth of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served, whichever is less. The distance shall be

measured in a straight line between the nearest points of the enclosure surrounding

the interior exit stairways. In buildings with three or more interior exit stairways, not fewer

than two of the interior exit stairways shall comply with this section. Interlocking or scissor

stairways shall be counted as one interior exit stairway.

403.5.2 Additional Interior Exit Stairway

For buildings other than Group R-2 and their ancillary spaces that are more than 420 feet

(128 m) in building height, one additional interior exit stairway meeting the requirements

of Sections 1011 and 1023 shall be provided in addition to the minimum number

of exits required by Section 1006.3. The total capacity of any combination of

remaining interior exit stairways with one interior exit stairway removed shall be not less

than the total capacity required by Section 1005.1. Scissor stairways shall not be

considered the additional interior exit stairway required by this section.

Exceptions:

1. An additional interior exit stairway shall not be required to be installed in buildings

having elevators used for occupant self-evacuation in accordance with Section

3008.

2. An additional interior exit stairway shall not be required for other portions of the

building where the highest occupiable floor level in those areas is less than 420

feet (128 m) in building height.

403.5.3 Stairway Door Operation

Stairway doors other than the exit discharge doors shall be permitted to be locked from

the stairway side. Stairway doors that are locked from the stairway side shall be capable

of being unlocked simultaneously without unlatching upon a signal from the fire command

center.

403.5.3.1 Stairway Communication System

A telephone or other two-way communications system connected to

an approved constantly attended station shall be provided at not less than every fifth floor

in each stairway where the doors to the stairway are locked.

403.5.4 Smoke-proof Enclosures

Every required interior exit stairway serving floors more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above

the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be a smoke-proof enclosure in

accordance with Sections 909.20 and 1023.11.

403.5.5 Luminous Egress Path Markings

Luminous egress path markings shall be provided in accordance with Section 1025.

Result and Discussion

The structure of the green building strategy includes numerous major domains that

significantly influence schematic and graphic design in the complicated process of its

design development. The topic structure incorporates the strategic aspects that define

and underline the green building ideas and concepts. Green building is defined in its basic
strategy as a building with systematic saving - rational utilization of material, energy, and

water resources in the field of materials green building is defined in its basic strategy by

the orientation on ecologically clean masses and equally on ecological manufacturing of

building materials for material — construction design of details, elements, and systems

of buildings.

Green construction is defined in its core approach in the sphere of energetics by

an emphasis on environmentally pure sources. Above all, on self-renewable alternative

energy sources, as well as on energy production that is environmentally friendly. For the

most extensive scale of energy demand and consumption associated with the

construction of the best artificial — architectural environment of buildings. As a result, the

interaction "renewable sources" and "ecological energy production" is a critical

component of the strategy's inner structure, highlighting the principles and ideas of green

construction.

Building reflects the mass in this system relation, as well as the material base and

constructional design of its features, elements, and systems. Energy is defined in this

system relation as a quantitative need for providing the required comfort in the interior of

the building, situated in particular non-stationary exterior climate, as a feature of mass

and the quantitative rate of motion, expressing the ability of material systems to produce

work on the basis of inner changes.

Conclusion and Recommendation

It is critical to recognize that the capital of nature enters the economy of man with

new economic values, resulting in the discovery of new value relations of the organization,

the economy, and the change of society. Further development of the fundamental

interaction society-energy-ecology would be impossible without the use of ecologically

clean renewable energy sources and a societal-wide shift toward low energy, low-

emission production technology in all three core technical areas of society, namely

industry, transportation, and human settlements. Renewable energy sources are thus a

key commodity without which no further economic activity can be carried out. The global

science responds to this reality in architectural technology, namely in the sphere of human

settlements, by developing new trends based on the broad interplay society-energy-

ecology. It develops them in three levels, as characterized by the words low energy

architecture, green architecture, and sustainable architecture, within the new system

relation building-climate-energy. The actual problem is reflected in this development by

green architecture, which is an essential contribution — a good step towards the objective

program of sustainable construction. . Green building character in the context of green

eco-architecture must become a challenge for architects, not only for their active

contribution to shaping — the form and aesthetics of green buildings, but also for

mastering the complex of ecological, energy, material, and water strategy of their design.

The best method to use the green building strategy is to logically comprehend the

ecological, physical, chemical, and construction — technological issues that current

technology in architecture faces.

 Research must be incorporated into tall building planning and design to provide a

comprehensive approach to understanding and predicting the life cycle costs,

energy use, and performance of tall buildings, as well as their impact on their urban

habitats as applied to sustainability-both from the standpoint of energy and

resource consumption as well as socio-cultural factors.

 The future generation of buildings, whether residential, commercial, or institutional,

should strive for "zero energy" structures that do not rely on a region's power

system. Climate and the environment are leveraged to one's benefit rather than as

opponents in this method, and structures are transformed into energy sources.
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