NCERT Solutions class 12 Maths Exercise 9.4 20. In a bank principal increases at the rate of r% per year. Find the value of 7 is ~ 100 double itself in 10 years. (log, 2 =0.6951) Ans. Let P be the principal (amount) at the end of ¢ years. According to the given condition, rate of increase of principal per year = °° (of principal) ei, => dt 100 aP r — =— dat => P 100 = [Separating variables] - log P= —t+e = *~ 700 Integrating both sides, 0 vessssuns(i) [Since P being principal > 0, hence log |P|=log P ] Now initial principal = ~ 100 (given), i.e., when t=0, then P = 100 Therefore, putting *=9 P = 100 in eq. (i), 198109 =¢r log100=c log P= im = Putting in eq. (i), , log P -log100= + = “eee” 100 P og — =—_# > "100 100... (ii) Now putting P = double of itself = 2 x 100 = ~* 200, when t=10 years (given) 200_ 100 100 lo: * = [82-55 => r=10log2 => 10x0.6931=6.931%NCERT Solutions class 12 Maths Exercise 9.4 21. In a bank principal increases at the rate of 3% per year. An amount of ~ 1000 is deposited with this bank, how much will it worth after 10 °3 1 648 years? (¢ ) Ans. Let P be the principal (amount) at the end of ¢ years. According to the given condition, rate of increase of principal per year = 5°° (of principal) ap 5 —_—=—- x => dt 100 = > da 20 at = P 20 [Separating variables] log P= ae Integrating both sides, 20 sessseeuee(L) [Since P being principal > 0, hence log|P|=log P ] Now initial principal = ~ 1000 (given), i-e., when t=0, then P = 1000Therefore, putting “=: P = 1000 in eq. (i), 198 1900 = ¢ 1 _ og P= —+r+log1000 Putting log 1000=c 20 1 in eq. (i), 1 log P —1og1000 = 1+ Fs Tis 20 ae 1 —t => 1000 20 sessssseee (Ii) Now putting ¢=10 years (given) 05 => i000 * [= if x=,then x=e' | = P = 1000 x 1.648 = * 1648NCERT Solutions class 12 Maths Exercise 9.4 22. In a culture the bacteria count is 1,00,000. The number is increased by 10% in 2 hours. In how many hours will the count reach 2,00,000, if the rate of growth of bacteria is proportional to the number present. Ans. Let * be the bacteria present in the culture at time * hours. According to the question, Rate of growth of bacteria is proportional to the number present dx => dt is proportional to * ee => dt where * is the constant of proportionality & kat > dk=kxedt > x [2 acak[iae Integrating both sides,” * . = logx=it+e (i) Now it is given that initially the bacteria count is *° (say) = 1,00,000= when ‘=9: then *=% Putting these values in eq. (i) !°8% =¢ Putting 1°8% =< in eq, (i), we get 198 *=* + 108% => logx—logx,=kt log =k > *% —.........(ii) Now it is given also that the number of bacterie increased by 10% in 2 hours. Therefore, increase in bacteria in 2 hours = 10 100000 100 = 10,000* the amount of bacteria at *=2 = 1,00,000 + 10,000 = 1,10,000 = * (say) Putting *=~1 and *=2 in eq. (ii), log —=2k ey % k= log 0 og — 2 ~ 100000 1 110000Putting this value of * in eq. (ii), we get, x 1 rr 1 fr ee +(toe 200000 1/ na og ———=— log— It => 100000 2\ ~10) [when x= 200000 ] r 1 2=5(1 t . og 10877 | ( =| 2log2 =| log — x og (8 55}! > 10 hoursNCERT Solutions class 12 Maths Exercise 9.4 23. The general solution of the differential any equation & is: (A) @ +e" =c (B) @ +e’ =c (C) e+e =c (D) e*+e%=c Ans. Given: Differential equation @& ay x py —-e ¢ => ad = d=ee dk =e adv x >e [Separating variables] = e* dv=e ax Integrating both sides, fe dy =e dxIntegrating both sides, fe dy=fe dx => e+e =-c = e*+e=C where C=-¢ which is required solution Therefore, option (A) is correct.