Documents

Garfinkel, M., Skaperdas, S., & Syropoulos, C.. (2008). Globalization and domestic


conflict. Journal of International Economics, 76(2), 296.  Retrieved May 10, 2011, from
ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1611533941).
Anonymous, . Social networking: a force for good or evil? (2009, November).

Intheblack, 79(10), 54-55.  Retrieved May 10, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document
ID: 1913285741).
Douglis, F.. (2010). Closing the Open (Face) Book. IEEE Internet Computing, 14(5), 4-6. 
Retrieved May 10, 2011, from ProQuest Computing. (Document ID: 2123126431).
Anonymous, . Study finds Facebook "friends" cause angst. (2011, April). American Agent &

Broker, 83(4), 10.  Retrieved May 10, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document
ID: 2320937071).

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Document 1 of 4

Garfinkel, M., Skaperdas, S., & Syropoulos, C.. (2008). Globalization and domestic

conflict. Journal of International Economics, 76(2), 296.  Retrieved May 10, 2011, from
ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1611533941).

Abstract (Summary)
When a resource like oil is domestically contested, trade patters and welfare can be very
different than when property rights are costlessly enforced. Whereas (small-country)
importers of the contested resource gain unambiguously relative to autarky, exporters of
the contested resource lose under free trade, unless the world price of the resource is
sufficiently high. Regardless of what price obtains in world markets, countries tend to
over-export the contested resource compared to the absence of conflict. For a wide range
of prices, higher international prices of the contested resource reduce welfare, an instance
of the "natural resource curse." [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Indexing (document details)

Subjects: Studies,  Globalization,  Free trade,  Conflict
Classification 9130,  1300
Codes
Author(s): Michelle R Garfinkel,  Stergios Skaperdas,  Constantinos Syropoulos
Document Feature
types:
Publication Journal of International Economics. Amsterdam: Dec 2008. Vol. 76, Iss.  2;  pg.
title: 296
Source type: Periodical
ISSN: 00221996
ProQuest 1611533941
document ID:
Document http://ezproxy.aus.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
URL: did=1611533941&Fmt=18&clientId=19323&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Document 2 of 4

Anonymous, . Social networking: a force for good or evil? (2009, November).

Intheblack, 79(10), 54-55.  Retrieved May 10, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document
ID: 1913285741).

Abstract (Summary)
The world is in a constant state of flux, always changing and in the view of some not
always for the better. Online social networking is one of those changes. Two members
from CPA Australia's Information Technology and Management Centre of Excellence
debate the pros and cons of social networking. James Cottrill, the director of Stantons
International, looks at the downside. The information on these sites can be used by
phishers (Internet criminals) to send well-crafted emails with links designed to steal
particular credentials and details, such as bank account and credit card numbers. Micheal
Axelsen, director of Applied Insight Pty Ltd, looks at the benefits. One positive aspect of
the use of online social networking tools is that they offer you the opportunity to put your
ear to the ground and see what people really think about you, your business, and its
products.

Full Text
 (1482  words)
Copyright CPA Australia Nov 2009
[Headnote]
Social networking: IT EXPERTS GO HEAD TO HEAD ON WHETHER ONLINE SOCIAL
NETWORKING SITES ARE THE "MARKET SQUARE OF THE 21ST CENTURY" OR A
HAVEN FOR MISREPRESENTATION AND PERSONAL DANGER.

THE WORLD IS IN A CONSTANT STATE of flux, always changing and in the view of
some not always for the better. Online social networking is one of those changes, whether
It is Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, or one of hundreds of other sites that exist. Such
communication mediums are here to stay, but the debate continues as to their merits or
otherwise. Two members from CPA Australia's Information Technology and
Management Centre of Excellence debate the pros and cons of social networking.

James Coltrili MACS FCPA, the director of Stantons International and a member of CPA
Australia's Information Technology and Management Centre of Excellence, looks at the
downside.

All of us, it seems, exist in some database somewhere, whether as a taxpayer, because we
might have received a government benefit, or had to go to hospital. We may also exist on
the internet through a company website, because of a published article or newspaper
interview. While we might not have had much of a choice in these cases, we usually have
at least some control to ensure that only relevant details are available.

Then there are the social networks where we think there is a choice as to what gets
published. These are the social networks that can provide details about who our "friends"
are, what we like and dislike, where we live and personal photographs and videos.

It is said that the biggest repository of personal images on the internet is Facebook with
over 30 billion. The personal identity records in the Australian Tax Office pale in
comparison to the identity information held in the data warehouses of the social
networking providers. Once captured, personal details are available for the whole world
to see, sometimes even if you have set your information to be private. This can happen as
a search combining a name and the social networking site will often provide a link to an
open page that will still provide many details, despite those privacy settings.

Your friends may wish to share photos with you and to gain full access to some features
you may need to register with a site such as Facebook or Flickr. It's easy to register but
not as easy to get out once you are In. Even when you are no longer on the site, your
details may still exist in a database somewhere.

People already in these sites accept Invitations from people who want to be a "friend".
Sites such as Linkedln can connect you to people you may not know.

The information on these sites can be used by phishers (Internet criminals) to send you
well-crafted emails with links designed to steal particular credentials and details, such as
bank account and credit card numbers. By studying your profile these phishers can
 purport to be from genuine organisations that you deal with because your preferences and
contacts are listed on the social networking site.

Enlarge
200%
Enlarge
400%
[Photograph]
James Cottrill

You can also be exposed to other threats such as identity theft, malware (malicious
software) attacks and spam. Attackers can Impersonate you online, and this can result in
financial fraud. Alternatively, they could "cyber-bully", embarrass, or make you look as
If you said something you didn't really say.

Many businesses tend to view social networking sites as a kind of online cocktail party -
a friendly, comfortable place where one can establish contacts, find buyers or sellers, and
raise a personal or corporate profile. However, the better analogy is that these sites are
houses made of glass where everything is visible and any sounds are quickly amplified.

So, are there any safeguards you can take? If you absolutely need to be on a social
networking site then It isvery Important not to post confidential information, even if you
limit access to your profile to people who really are friends. This includes personal and
business names and addresses, phone numbers, job titles, birth dates, schedule details,
dally routines and business or family information. It's far better to communicate in
generalities than to reveal information that unscrupulous Individuals may some day use
against you.

Social network sites are full of useful business information, as well as substantial
amounts of rubbish. Treat anything you see online with a high degree of scepticism.
Some people will lie In order to boost their own agenda, while others will spout
unsubstantiated nonsense out of stupidity or ignorance.

My personal preference is not to register on any social networking site. Once you are in,
can you truly ever get out, or will your details be forever sitting In the internet cloud?
Once that embarrassing comment, picture or video is posted, how do you ever get rid of
it, especially when other people can capture it, copy It and send it somewhere else?

Enlarge
200%
Enlarge
400%
[Photograph]
Micheal Axelsen
Micheal Axelsen FCPA, director of Applied Insight Pty Ltd, and chair of CPA Australia's
Information Technology and Management Centre of Excellence, looks at the benefits.

There are those that deride online social networking as too risky, or not worth their time.
They are concerned about identity theft, fraud or perhaps dread the exposure of their
private activities for all to see. Some even envisage crafty hit-men lurking behind every
digital bush. However, to huddle in apprehension of what could go wrong Is to succumb
to the forces of fear, uncertainty and doubt. Much the same criticisms can be levelled at
the photocopier, the camera and the telephone. These issues mostly arise as a result of the
use of online social networking by other people, not yourself. Your decision not to
participate merely means you remain ignorant of these problems - Ignorant, but not
unharmed. To not participate is to deny yourself the opportunity to grow and develop
your network, your ability, and your career.

The security issues relating to these online tools cannot be ignored. However, these issues
can be addressed, and the benefits of these tools mean that the problems that do exist
should not stop you from engaging online. A frequent further concern relates to personal
productivity, which many employers are concerned about. Certainly a constant and
obsessive updating of Facebook statuses, and "tweeting" can be a distraction If not
managed well.

Nevertheless, these websites are the market square of the 21 st century. The opportunities
and exposure to new ideas that these tools provide are a large benefit that comes from
living in this digital age.

One positive aspect of the use of online social networking tools is that they offer you the
opportunity to put your ear to the ground and see what people really think about you,
your business, and its products. The road tobankruptcy is littered with businesses that
worked diligently, patiently, and in total Ignorance of their customers' views. The market
square of yesteryear allowed the exchange of Information and ideas, and encouraged the
formation of the great trading houses of Europe. Today's online market square offers
similar opportunities.

A further good reason to engage online is that this is where the people are. Facebook
alone reports to have over six million Australian users. This Is where today's
opportunities lie, to develop your business, to build your career, and to be exposed to new
and thought-provoking Ideas. Online social networking helps us build honest, longterm
relationships with our customers and networks.

Online social networking also allows us to maintain friendships and valuable career
contacts as we move with today's hectic and wearing lifestyle. This benefits people and,
ultimately, the businesses that they work for.

Online social networking is all about engaging with others. It particularly allows
accountants that at times may feel hemmed In and constrained by the cashbook, the
journal and the spreadsheet to keep in touch with a wide circle of friends and family.
 Yes, there are risks in engaging online, but these can be dealt with by common sense and
judicious use. The risks that do exist tend to be overblown and are no reasons to
withdraw from the online market square.

Yes, these tools can be distracting at times, but these distractions can be minimised while
maximising the opportunity of drawing upon the knowledge of the wider and more
diverse online community.

Do not disengage from online social networking simply because you do not understand It.
To do so is to deny yourself the opportunities that online social networking offers. Get
down to the online market square and engage and contribute to this digital nation. There
is every reason to be a part of today's online and vibrant market square.

[Sidebar]
Information can be used by phishers (internet criminals) to send you well-crafted emails with
links designed to steal

[Sidebar]
The exposure to new ideas that these tools provide is a large benefit that comes from living in
this digital age

Indexing (document details)

Subjects: Social networks,  Advantages,  Disadvantages,  Internet crime,  Network
security
Classification 9179,  5250,  5140
Codes
Locations: Australia
Author(s): Anonymous
Document Feature
types:
Document Photographs
features:
Section: Dossier
Publication Intheblack. Melbourne: Nov 2009. Vol. 79, Iss.  10;  pg. 54, 2 pgs
title:
Source type: Periodical
ISSN: 18320899
ProQuest 1913285741
document ID:
Text Word 1482
Count
Document http://ezproxy.aus.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
URL: did=1913285741&Fmt=4&clientId=19323&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Document 3 of 4

Douglis, F.. (2010). Closing the Open (Face) Book. IEEE Internet Computing, 14(5), 4-6. 

Retrieved May 10, 2011, from ProQuest Computing. (Document ID: 2123126431).

Abstract (Summary)
Editor in Chief Fred Douglis discusses the pros and cons of removing a social network
presence.

Full Text
 (1870  words)
Copyright IEEE Computer Society Sep 2010

All Systems Go

From the Editor in Chief

Closing the Open (Face) Book

Fred Douglis EMC f.douglis@computer.org

In 2008, I published a column about identi

ties, including a brief discussion about how I sometimes turn to social networks such as
LinkedIn or Facebook to nd people because their information in the social network tends
to be more current and reliable than their homepages.1 I also mentioned an old
acquaintance who seemed to have simply fallen off the grid and become unreachable
through the usual methods. Given some recent experiences and articles in the media, I
thought it a good time to revisit this topic.

Social networks have become ubiquitous. When I briey encountered someone I hadnt
seen in some time, and later wanted to look him up, Facebook seemed like the logical
place to turn. Our status as everconnected friends would make posting a friendly note on
his wall simple. Yet, try as I might, I just couldnt nd him in my friend directory. My rst
reaction was that he had (gasp!) unfriended me perhaps we didnt interact enough, or
perhaps he was dropping friends to improve the signaltonoise ratio in his news feed. But I
couldnt nd him on Facebook at all. So either he had both unfriended me and set his
account to be unsearchable, or he had left Facebook.

I resorted to oldfashioned email. It turned out that he had indeed closed his Facebook
account due to a combination of not using it much and concerns over privacy. He sent me
a link to an MSNBC article entitled Details of 100 Million Facebook Users Published
Online (www. msnbc.msn.com/id/38463013/ns/technology _and_sciencesecurity), which
discussed how an online security consultant crawled public Facebook data and made a
single compendium of users prole data. The article pointed out that this snapshot
essentially ensured that any data a user previously kept public and subsequently protected
would always stay public.

Problem? Not in my book. With the creation of the Wayback Machine (www.archive.org/

web/web.php) years ago a website that crawls and archives webpages and allows users to
view webpages as of a point in time in the past social network data isnt the only
information that can take on a life of its own; any data on the Web that was ever public is
presumed to be accessible indenitely. If someone put their birthday publicly in their
Facebook prole and thought better of it later, the damage has really already been done. Its
not reasonable to complain to either Facebook management or the people who collect
these snapshots and argue that they invaded users privacy these users made the
information public! (Of course, if you limit access to your birthday or other personal
information to friends only, that data shouldnt turn up in a public snapshot, right? Right.)

The Element of Surprise

My acquaintance is neither the rst person I know to abandon Facebook nor the rst
example of a social network link withering away. The problem for me isnt that my
connections might decide to leave either our personal link or the entire system, but rather
the subterfuge with which it happens. Social networks like Facebook and LinkedIn are
really geared toward establishing connections: notifying users when others ask them to
connect with them, when invitees accept their invitations, and when they might be
acquainted with other users they arent currently linked to. But these same networks are
really bad, perhaps intentionally, at notifying users about the reverse but why? When I
posted political content on Facebook during the 2008 US election, one of my friends
quietly dropped me rather than see my posts. As in the case I described earlier, I noticed
this only by accident. But, in this case, I could see the account existed, so I was clearly
removed by design. (I should add that I was reinstated, along with a few others, when the
person learned there were other ways to tone down our impact on his feed.)

4 Published by the IEEE Computer Society 1089-7801/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE IEEE

INTERNET COMPUTING
Closing the Open (Face) Book

And what if you do want to abandon Facebook? In general, you can deactivate a
Facebook account but must then go a full two weeks without using it for the account to
be deleted entirely. In the meantime, they tell you how much soandso and soandso will
miss you and hope that youll change your mind. (As an aside, according to a rumor
[http://yro.slashdot.org/ story/10/07/26/1240257/Facebook AddsDeleteAccountOption]),
Facebook has apparently decided to make it easier to entirely delete your account, so
deletion might be expedited in the future.) But what should happen when the deletion
takes place? Maybe soandso really will miss you and deserves to know youve moved on
to a better place.

Seriously, as painful as the news that someone has unfriended you

might be (or not), the change to your relationship should be made apparent, right? A
message that John Smith has left Facebook would be particularly helpful you dont even
have to take the departure personally! Of course, not everyone necessarily wants to know
about these changes, and some people (especially teenagers) could well be in such
volatile networks that they would be a distraction, but on the whole I like the option.

Social Presence and Lack Thereof

Because Im on the topic of removing social network presence, Ill nish with a comment on
the care and feeding of your online persona. I imagine that the vast majority of IC readers
have tried at least one or two major social networks by now, even if they dont use them
regularly. Similarly,

many of us have other types of Web presence, such as blogs, more static homepages, and
so on. But what if we dont, or what if our presence doesnt convey what it should?

As I wrote this in late July, two recent news items caught my eye (or ear). NPR ran a
piece about modern motorcycle gangs and how the US government cant do much about
them unless they can inltrate them (see www.npr.org/templates/story/ story.php?
storyId=128826377). I was both surprised and amused to hear that biker gangs now do
background checks on people trying to join:

The strategy poses some risks [for the government]. [Terry] Katz, the longtime gang
investigator, says biker gangs have gotten sophisticated. Some use polygraphs and private
investigators to check out new members. Others scour

Technical cosponsor:

IEEE Internet ComputingIEEE Computer Society Publications Ofce 10662 Los Vaqueros
CircleLos Alamitos, CA 90720 USA
Editorial. Unless otherwise stated, bylined articles, as well as product and service
descriptions, reect the authors or rms opinion. Inclusion in IEEE Internet Computing does
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Editor in Chief

Fred Douglis f.douglis@computer.org

Associate Editors in Chief

Siobhn Clarke siobhan.clarke@cs.tcd.ie Michael Rabinovich misha@eecs.cwru.edu

Editorial Board

Virgilio Almeida virgilio@dcc.ufmg.br Elisa Bertino bertino@cerias.purdue.edu Azer

Bestavros best@cs.bu.eduM. Brian Blake mb7@cse.nd.eduVinton G. Cerf
vint@google.comStephen Farrell stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie Robert E. Filman*
lman@computer.org Juliana Freire juliana@cs.utah.eduCarole Goble
cag@cs.man.ac.ukMichael N. Huhns huhns@sc.eduDoug Lea dl@cs.oswego.eduBarry
Leiba barryleiba@computer.org Samuel Madden madden@csail.mit.edu Mark Manasse
manasse@microsoft.com Cecilia Mascolo c.mascolo@cs.ucl.ac.uk Pankaj Mehra
pankaj.mehra@hp.com

Chris Metz chmetz@cisco.comDejan Milojii dejan@hpl.hp.comJason Nieh

nieh@cs.columbia.edu
George Pallis gpallis@cs.ucy.ac.cyCharles J. Petrie* petrie@stanford.edu Gustavo Rossi
gustavo@lia.info.unlp.edu.ar Amit Sheth amit.sheth@wright.edu Munindar P. Singh*
singh@ncsu.eduOliver Spatscheck oliver@spatscheck.com Torsten Suel suel@poly.edu

Craig W. Thompson cwt@uark.edu Shengru Tu shengru@cs.uno.edu Maarten van Steen

steen@cs.vu.nl Steve Vinoski vinoski@ieee.org* EIC emeritus

CS Magazine Operations Committee

Dore Duncan Seligmann (chair), David Albonesi, Isabel Beichl, Carl Chang, Krish
Chakrabarty, Nigel Davies, Fred Douglis, Hakan Erdogmus, Lars Jentsch, Carl E.
Landwehr, Simon Liu, Dejan Milojii, John Smith, Gabriel Taubin, Fei-Yue Wang, and
Jeffrey R. Yost

CS Publications Board

David A. Grier (chair), David Bader, Angela R. Burgess,

Jean-Luc Gaudiot, Phillip Laplante, Dejan Milojii, Linda I. Shafer, Dore Duncan
Seligmann, Don Shafer, Steve Tanimoto, and Roy Want

Staff

Lead Editor: Jennifer Gardelle, jgardelle@computer.org Content Editor: Rebecca Deuel-

GallegosManager, Editorial Services: Jenny StoutStaff Editor: Dennis TaylorPublications
Coordinator: internet@computer.org Production Editor/Webmaster: Monette Velasco
Contributors: Greg Goth, Keri Schreiner, Joan Taylor, and Alex Torres

Director, Products & Services: Evan Buttereld Senior Manager, Editorial Services: Lars
Jentsch Manager, New Media & Production: Steve Woods Senior Business Development
Manager: Sandy Brown Membership Development Manager: Cecelia Huffman Senior
Advertising Supervisor: Marian Anderson, manderson@computer.org

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010 5

All Systems Go

court records for evidence that applicants to the gang may have testied in a criminal case
against bikers.

The other item came from Bruce Schneiers blog (www.schneier.com/

blog/archives/2010/07/technology _is_m.html), reporting that technology makes it easier
for counterespionage groups to foil espionage. One aspect of this is that ubiquitous
collection of personal data makes it harder to maintain a false identity. So, what happens
when a government agency wants to place an agent in a gang, or a country wants to pass
someone off as a national of a different country, living there longterm? The back story to
establish them with a particular background gets harder the more our lives are public,
open books, intertwined with so many others. Even if a sophisticated organization can
fabricate a fully mature, established online persona, an even

more sophisticated organization can tear that apart by looking not only at what someone
looks like today but also at what databases such as the Internet Archive or the Facebook
crawler say about how that person looked sometime in the past. Sounds like a good plot
for a movie, anyway.

The creation of a mythical online persona is just one facet of the

institutionalized social snooping Ive described. It seems widely accepted that some
employers, and possibly colleges, check out applicants online. It boggles the imagination
mine, anyway to think about some of the things that people expose on social networks
like Facebook. And, although I dont condone attempts by prospective employers to break
down the wall between what is shared publicly and what is private (http://
tinyurl.com/jobapplicantscreening),

cases also exist of people opening the door quite explicitly (http://
tinyurl.com/friendyouradmissions ofcer). Who needs to worry about suppressing the
photo of that drunken extravaganza when you make your life an open book? Crazy
teenagers!

Acknowledgments

The opinions expressed in this column are my personal opinions. I speak neither for my
employer nor for IEEE Internet Computing in this regard, and any errors or omissions are
my own. I thank my own teenager, Allison Douglis, for her very helpful comments on
this column.

Reference

1. F. Douglis, NotsoSecret Identities, IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 12, no. 2, 2008, pp.
46.

Selected CS articles and columns are also available for free at http://
ComputingNow.computer.org.

Is your career foundation solid?

Get the building blocks you need. Take your career to the next level in software
development,

systems design, and engineering.

Our experts. Your future. www.computer.org/buildyourcareer

 6 www.computer.org/internet/ IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING

Indexing (document details)

Author(s): Fred Douglis
Publication IEEE Internet Computing. Los Alamitos: Sep 2010. Vol. 14, Iss.  5;  pg. 4
title:
Source type: Periodical
ISSN: 10897801
ProQuest 2123126431
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Document 4 of 4

Anonymous, . Study finds Facebook "friends" cause angst. (2011, April). American Agent &

Broker, 83(4), 10.  Retrieved May 10, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document
ID: 2320937071).

Abstract (Summary)
The more "friends" people have on Facebook, the more likely they are to be stressed out
and anxious, according to a new study by psychologists from Edinburgh Napier
University in Scotland. Researchers found that while there is a great amount of peer
pressure to be on Facebook, there also is a lot of ambivalence among users about its
benefits. The study only focused on Facebook and did not include other popular social
media sites. Facebook Inc has more than 500 million users worldwide.

Full Text
 (300  words)
Copyright National Underwriter Company dba Summit Business Media Apr 2011
 'Hie more "friends" people have on Facebook, the more likely they are to be stressed out
and anxious, according to a new study by psychologists from Edinburgh Napier
University in Scotland.

The study of university students, led by Dr. Kathy Charles, concluded that for many
Facebook users, the negative effects of using the site outweighed the benefits it offers in
terms of staying in touch with friends and family.

Researchers found that while there is a great amount of peer pressure to be on Facebook,
there also is a lot of ambivalence among users about its benefits. The study only focused
on Facebook and did not include other popular social media sites. Facebook Inc. has
more than SOO million users worldwide.

"Our data also suggests that there is a significant minority of users who experience
considerable Facebook-related anxiety, with only very modest or tenuous rewards,"
Charles said in the study. "And we found it was actually those with the most contacts,
those who had invested the most time in the site, who were the ones most likely to be
stressed."

Part of the survey included focus groups in person, while an online survey of students'
attitudes toward Facebook made up part of the study.

Of those surveyed online:

12% of respondents said Facebook made them feel anxious. Of these, respondents had an
average of 117 "friends" each. The remaining 88 percent, who said Facebook did not
make them feel anxious, had an average of 75 "friends" each.

63% delayed replying to friend requests.

32% said rejecting friend requests led to feelings of guilt and discomfort.

10% admitted disliking receiving friend requests.

"Like gambling, Facebook keeps users in a neurotic limbo, not knowing whether they
should hang on in there just in case they miss out on something good," Charles said.

Indexing (document details)

Subjects: Social networks,  Polls & surveys,  Friendship
Classification 9190,  9000,  5250
Codes
Locations: United States--US
Companies: Facebook Inc (NAICS: 518210 )
Author(s): Anonymous
Document News
types:
Section: Industry IQ
Publication American Agent & Broker. St. Louis: Apr 2011. Vol. 83, Iss.  4;  pg. 10, 1 pgs
title:
Source type: Periodical
ISSN: 00027200
ProQuest 2320937071
document ID:
Text Word 300
Count
Document http://ezproxy.aus.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
URL: did=2320937071&Fmt=3&clientId=19323&RQT=309&VName=PQD

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