1.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: |NCT 2018]
1. Flexibility and mobility are essential not only to reduce the risk of injuries but to generally feel better. Living a
nine to five desk life can be demanding on health and wellness. Here is how you can keep the most common
problems at bay.
2. Even if you are not exercising you need to make sure that you maintain correct posture and sit at your desk in
the right way. It is important that your chair is placed correctly and your legs are not left hanging. Proper alignment
ensures that your neck and back are not strained. Exercises and abdominal crunches two to three times a week can
strengthen the core. It will help take the pressure off your back and will make it easier to maintain good posture.
Chairs with back that support your upper back are preferable for those who work long hours in front of screens.
3. Constant typing, writing reports and answering e-mails can exert your wrists leading to long-term damage. The
frequency of your use and how you position your wrists at your keyboard can be a reason. The tell tale signs of
exertion would be a tingling sensation or numbness. One should not ignore initial signs. Make sure that you rest
your wrist at regular intervals. To relieve tension quickly fold your hands in a NAMASTE in front of your chest
with elbows moving out and lower your hands till you feel a good stretch in your wrists. Also rotating your fists
inside and outside provides much relief to strained wrists.
4. Since those who work on desks spend a lot of time looking at computer screen, they are at a risk of straining their
eyes. This may also lead to dry eyes and fatigue. Poor eyesight is the result of continued and improper exposure to
screens. Keeping the computer screen at an optimal distance helps a lot in minimising strain to eyes. The screen
shouldn't be too close or too far. To ease eye strain use good lighting and make it a point to look at a distance away
from your screen every twenty to thirty minutes.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. What is essential to reduce the risk of injuries and generally to feel better?
a) Flexibility b) Mobility c) Both a and b d) None of the above
2. Living a desk life of nine to five can be demanding on ---
a) Health b) Wellness c) Both a and b d) None of the above
3. What can exert our wrist which can lead to a long-term damage?
a) Constant typing b) Writing reports c) Answering e-mails d) All of the above
4. How to not pressure the back to maintain good posture?
a) Chair with back support b) Chair without back support c) Both a and b d) None of the above
5. As per the passage, the synonym of the word “tingling” is
a) Shiver b) Sting c) Mild d) All of the above
6. What would be the tell tale signs of exertion---
a) Tingling sensation b) Numbness c) Both a and b d) None of the above
7. How to relieve tension ?
a) Keep working for more hours b) Folding hands in NAMASTE form and stretching hand
c) Rotating hand inside and outside d) Both b and c
8. Looking at the computer screen for a long period of time may lead to ----
a) Dry eyes b) Fatigue c) Both a and b d) None of the above
9. How to minimize strain eyes?
a) Keeping less distance between the eyes and screen
b) Keeping optimal distance between eyes and screen
c) Improper exposure of the screen
d) None of the above
10. What does proper alignment ensures?
a) Neck not strained b) Back not strained c) Both a and b d) None of the above

2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow
1. Jahangir was born on 30 August 1569. to Akbar. the Mutual Emperor and his Hindu wife, Jodha Bai. He was
crowned on 24 October 1605. In the twenty-two years he was Emperor, till his death on 28 October, 1627, he had
many battles to fight and many rebellions to suppress. But he always found time for his greatest hobby—the study
of animals and plants. He was an avid bird watcher or an ornithologist as lie would be called now, and a keen
naturalist. The care and accuracy with which Jahangir described various characteristics of animals and birds, their
geographical distribution and behaviour, would have done credit to a full-time naturalist. His observations are
recorded in his memoirs, the Tuzuk-i-Jalmngiri.

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2. Jahangir had a small zoo and he would spend hours—sometimes days and nights together—on his observations.
For the first time in the history of ornithology, he noted how sarus cranes mate brood over their eggs in turn, and
how chicks are hatched and taken care of. He also observed one human quality in this bird: the parents love not
only their eggs and chicks but also each other.
3. The Emperor had several famous painters in his court. When he came across a rare animal, bird or plant, he
would instruct an artist to draw it. The painter who excelled in this art was Ustad Mansur. For modern ornithologists,
Jahangir's collection of paintings provides a strikingly accurate description of the natural history of the day.
Unfortunately, most of these paintings are no longer to be found in India. With the disintegration of the Mughal
Empire, foreign adventures looted this treasure. Most of the paintings were thus lost.
4. In 1958, a Russian researcher, A Ivanoc, created a sensation when he discovered, a rare portrait of the dodo, a
large non-flying pigeon-like bird, which became extinct about three centuries ago. This portrait was found in a
collection of paintings at the Institute of Orientalists of Soviet Academy of Sciences. There was no way of
identifying the painter, but the style, without doubt was that of Ustad Mansur. Now there is evidence to show that
it was the portrait of Mauritian dodo that was presented to Emperor Jahangir around 1624. Over three centuries
after their death, Jahangir and his dodo made a dramatic reappearance in the world of ornithology!
5. Jahangir also loved gardens, but his dissertations in botany and horticulture were mostly confined to how a lotus
traps hornets or how saffron sprouts from soil. However, he was responsible for the cultivation of high altitude trees
such as the cypress, juniper, pine and Javanse sandal in plains.
6. Jahangir had many other scientific interests. He once conducted an experiment to show that the air of
Mahmudabad (in Gujrat) was healthier than that of Ahmedabad. He was fascinated by (he movement of the stars
and the planets and used to regularly record the occurrence of solar and lunar eclipses. When a comet made its
appearance, he recorded the growth and decay of its tail.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. When was Jahangir born?
a) 31 August 1569 b) 30 August 1569 c) 1 September 1569 d) 30 August 1596
2. Who is the father of Jahangir?
a) Shah Jahan b) Akbar c) Jodha bai d) Aurangazeb
3. When he was crowned as a Emperor?
a) 24 Oct 1605 b) 25 Oct 1625 c) 30 Oct 1605 d) 26 Oct 1605
4. When did Jahangir died?
a) 28 October 1605 b) 28 October 1627 c) 30 October 1630 d) 5 October 1650
5. What was Jahangir greatest hobby?
a) The study of coins b) The study of animal c) the study of plants d) both b and c
6. Where the observations of Jahangir are recorded?
a) Tuzuk-i-Jalmngiri b) Tuzuk-e-Jalamngiri c) Jutuk-i-Jalammgari d) None of the above
7. What was the name of the painter who excelled Jahangir’s observation?
a) Ustad Musar b) Ustad Mansur c) Ustad kansur d) None of the above
8. What did the Russian researcher discovered?
a) A rare portrait of lion b) A rare portrait of dodo
c) A rare portrait of Kingfisher d) A rare portrait of pigeon
9. Who painted the rare portrait of Dodo?
a) Ustad Musar b) Ustad Mansur c) Ustad Jahangir d) A Ivanoc
10. When was the portrait of Dodo presented to Emperor Jahangir?
a) 1634 b) 1624 c) 1694 d) 1649

3. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
Effective speaking depends on effective listening. It takes energy to concentrate on hearing and to concentrate on
understanding what has been heard. Incompetent listeners fail in a number of ways. First, they may drift. Paeir
attention drifts from what the speaker is saying. Second, they may counter. They find counter arguments to whatever
a speaker may be saying. Third, they compete. Then, they filter. They exclude from their understanding those parts
of the message which do not readily fit with their own frame of reference. Finally they react. They let personal
feelings about speaker or subject overside the significance of the message which is being sent. What can a listener

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do to be more effective. The first key to effective listening is the art of concentration. If a listener positively wishes
to concentrate on receiving a message, his chances of success are high.
It may need determination. Some speakers are difficult to follow either because of voice problems. or because of
the form in which they send a message. There is then a particular need for the determination of a listener to
concentrate on what is being said.
Concentration is helped by alertness. Mental alertness is helped by physical alertness. It is not simply physical
fitness, but also positioning of the body, the limbs and the head. Some people also find it helpful to their
concentration if they hold the head slightly to one side. One useful way for achieving this is intensive note taking.
by trying to capture the critical headings and subheadings the speaker is referring to.
Note-taking has been recommended as an aid to the listener. It also helps the speaker. It gives him confidence when
he sees that listeners are sufficiently interested to take notes, the patterns of eye contact when the note taker looks
up can be very positive; and the speaker's timing is aided he can see when a note-taker is writing hard and can then
make effective use of pauses. Posture too is important. Consider the impact made by a less competent listener who
pushes his chair backwards and slouches. An upright posture helps a listener's concentration. At the same time it is
seen by the speaker to be a positive feature amongst his listeners. Effective listening skills have an impact on both
the listener and the speaker.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. As per the passage, Effective speaking depends on _______
a) Listening b) Speaking c) Both a and b d) None of the above
2. Concentration is helped by----
a) Alertness b) Mental alertness c) Physical alertness d) None of the above
3. What is recommended as an aid to the listener?
a) Taking b) Note taking c) Subheading d) Heading
4. As per the passage, it takes energy to concentrate on______
a) Alertness b) Mental alertness c) Physical alertness d) None of the above
5. Mental alertness is helped by----
a) Alertness b) physical alertness c) both a and b d) none of the above
6. Effective listening skills have an impact on -----
a) Speaker b) listener c) both a and b d) none of the above
7. As per the, passage some speakers are difficult to understand because of----
a) Voice problems b) Form of message c) Both a and b d) None of the above
8. What kind of posture does help a listener to concentrate?
a) Downward b) Upright c) Both a and b d) None of the above
9. As per the passage, the synonym of the word “competent”
a) Adequate b) Capable c) Decent d) All of the above
10. As per the passage, posture is not important
a) True b) False

4. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: NCT 2015
1 Twenty-one-year-old Jyoti Amge, the smallest woman in the world, laughs easily and often. Perhaps, from a
height of twenty three inches, the world does look a bit funny.
Afflicted with achondroplasia, a form of pituitary dwarfism, 21-year-old Amge is a bit shorter than her two-year-
old nephew and a lad taller than her framed Guinness certificate. In fact, Amge, the youngest of five, wasn't even
visible in her mother's womb. The doctors thought she wasn't alive and her mother Ranjana, who underwent a two
hour caesarian operation in her tenth month to birth her, welcomed her youngest as a blessing. In all of Amge's
birthday pictures in the album, her height is the same from age three to twenty-one. Kitted out in custom made
frocks and bright red lipstick; with fancy beads lining her permed hair, the tiny Amge turned heads in Nagpur and
became a hit with Hindi news channel crews that approached her for bytes, any excuse would do, even the elections.
Apart from a cameo in a Mika Singh video, she appeared briefly on the reality show Big Boss 6.
"I have always wanted to be an actor," says Amge. Amge was quick to say yes when the producers of American
Horror Story- Freak Show contacted her. "They had seen my interview in a New York daily," says Amge. who
readily agreed to play the role of Ma Petite, the miniature san-and-bindi-clad assistant of a woman.

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"In spite of the name the show was not about freaks it was about compassion, says Amge. "What makes the world
so interesting in that we are different and some folks a little bit odd. she said. Sadly, Amge's own home country
does not seem to respect differences. Amge's brother complained that unlike the West where "people ask permission
before clicking a photo." Indians take her privacy for granted. People look at her like she's a wonder, an ajooba and
try to get too close to her. I have to shelter her like a body guard, adds Satish.
Amge's family members now make up her entourage. They help Amge. who suffered an accident in Kashmir that
severely fractured her left leg, with everything from braidins her hair to carrying her to the wash basin. Be it the
nearby mall or a trip to China, one or more of them always accompany her.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. Who is the smallest woman in the world?
a) Ranjana b) Jyoti Amge c) Satish d) None of the above
2. What is achodroplasia?
a) a form of pituitary gigantism b) a form of pituitary dwarfism
c) both a and b d) none of the above
3. As per the passage what is the age of Jyoti Amge?
a) 21 yrs b) 55 yrs c) 29 yrs d) 30 yrs
4. What is the height of Jyoti Amge?
a) 23 inches b) 25inches c) 6 inches d) 22inches
5. What did Amge always wanted to be?
a) Doctor b) Engineer c) Actor d) Philantrophist
6. What was the role she played in the show?
a) Pa petite b) Ma petite c) Ka petite d) None of the above
7. What was the genre of the first show she agreed?
a) Romantic b) Actions c) Horror d) Comedy
8. What is the of Amge’s brother?
a) Satish b) Rohan c) Riwa d) Sohan
9. Where did Amge suffered with an accident
a) Kashmir b) Jammu c) Ladakh d) Himachal
10. What happened to Amge at the time of accident
a) Fractured her hand b) Fractured her left leg
c) Fractured her right leg d) None of the above

5. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [NCT 2014|
1 Everyone needs a holiday, both to relax and to have a change of environment. The holiday makers feel relaxed
and refreshed at the end of the holiday and look forward to the resumption of their duties, be it at school, office or
factories, with renewed vigor. This is the reason why all establishments grant their employees annual leave. With
the end of the academic year the schools and universities grant their pupils a long holiday during mid-summer. This
lasts until early September when the new school term starts. Of course the parents will like to take advantage of
this and take their leave to coincide with the children's vacations. This has become a traditional holiday season in
most European countries, particularly in England.
With the coming of August, the traditional holiday season in Britain reaches its peak point and most of the holiday
resorts are packed to capacity. In order to avoid the crowd, some prefer to take their holiday a little earlier if facilities
so warrant. Those who have already taken their holidays can console themselves not only with reflections on the
happy days spent in the country, at the seaside or abroad, but also with the thought that holiday expenses are over
for the year and that by taking an earlier holiday they have missed the August rush.
The main thing, of course, is the weather and that would be hazardous to prophesy. But whatever the weather is
like, the essence of a holiday for most is the carefree atmosphere in which it can be enjoyed. "Take all you need but
leave your worries behind" is the sound advice for the holiday maker. Private worries are not always easy to escape
from. However, even the pessimist would admit that for the moment things appear brighter than they have been.
Holiday time is surely a time for shedding serious pre-occupations and seeking the pleasures that appeal to us. It is
true that we may not always succeed in finding them, indeed there are people who maintain that the great thing
about holiday is that it gives you an ampler appreciation of home comforts — a view no doubt more widely held
among the elderly than you.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions

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1. Why do everyone need holidays?
a) Relax b) Change of environment c) Both a and b d) None of the above
2. When do everyone get holidays?
a) Mid summer b) Mid winter c) Mid autumn d) None of the above
3. When is the traditional holiday season?
a) August b) July c) May d) June
4. As per the passage, where is the holiday season mostly affected
a) Canada b) Britain c) America d) None of the above
5. “We should take our worries to the holiday”
a) True b) False
6. Holiday time is for ________serious pre-occupation
a) Shredding b) Pessimist c) Both a and b d) None of the above
7. The synonym of the word “pessimist”
a) Doomsayer b) Defeatist c) Seeking d) Both a and b
8. Private worries are easy to escape
a) True b) False
9. What is holiday time is for?
a) Shredding serious pre occupation b) Seeking pleasures
c) Both a and b d) None of the above
10. The antonym of the word “prophesy”
a) Assure b) Augur c) Betoken d) Bode

6. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1 When planning to go on a vacation, the tendency is to make sure that the travel plans are hassle free, before
stepping out of one's doors. This involves booking by train, bus or even by air to one's chosen destination. Yet the
greatest holidays can be enjoyed by going on foot and I am not referring to trekking expeditions into the wilds. Any
holiday can be made into a walking trip by opting out of a bus ride or a train journey or a taxi drop, by selecting to
go on foot. Besides, walking is a great form of exercise and, above all, helps you to go deep into the local culture,
the daily lives of people, their food and their music.
2 Walking helps you enhance the adventurous streak in you. If you are out on a beach holiday, instead of workouts
at the gym, head out to the water for your exercise. Resort pools are a great way to have fun and stay fit and arc
suitable for all ages. Wake up early to start your day with a swim and you can also recruit family and friends to join
in to make the activity even more interesting.
3 The best holiday destinations need not be those that the travel brochures advertise. It can be one of your own
search, if you take advantage of what an area is known for and then set out to explore it on your own terms. Thus
you can learn tai chi when on a trip to China or smarten up your dancing skills by trying out flamenco when in
Spain.
4 In order to enjoy a walking holiday to the hill, one needs to be physically in form. Thus one needs to keep a tab
on one's diet when on holiday. The travel brochures give you a choice of tried-out brands with a peppering of local
options. But whatever be your choice, it is smart to stick to the rule book. In every place you are sure to find fresh
and healthy high-protein, high-fibre options to fill you up. That will keep you away from opting for the high sugar,
processed foods, and simple carbohydrates.
5 These simple rules would ensure that your walking holiday was not only enjoyable but one that left you feeling
fully in command of your holiday mood and proved economical as you did not waste a single moment nursing an
upset belly or a sluggish day or a boring ride across acres of non-stimulating countryside, cooped in a taxi or jostling
on a train.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. How can the greatest holidays can be enjoyed?
a) Going on foot b) Bus ride c) Train ride d) Bike ride
2. The synonym of the word “adventurous”
a) Daring b) Cautious c) Unadventurous d) None of the above
3. We can learn tai-chi when we are on a trip to---
a) China b) Nepal c) Spain d) India

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4. Where can we smarten up our dancing skills?
a) Spain b) China c) Nepal d) None of the above
5. What dance form can we learn in Spain?
a) Flamenco b) Kathak c) Bharatnatyam d) None of the above
6. As per the passage“We should not wake up early to start our day with swim”
a) True b) False
7. As per the passage “what is defined as a great form of exercise?
a) Walking b) Sleeping c) Sitting d) None of the above
8. In order to enjoy walking holiday on hill----
a) It is not important to be physically fit b) It is important to be physically fit
c) It can be done by anyone d) None of the above
9. We should always ignore _______foods
a) High sugar b) Processed c) Both a and b d) None of the above

7. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1 We are all now aware that some new scientific or technological advance, although useful, may have unpleasant
side effects. More and more the tendency is to exert caution before committing the world to something that may
not be reversible.
2 The trouble is, it's not always easy to tell what the side effects will be. In 1846, Ascanio Sobrero produced the
first nitroglycerine. Heated, a drop of it exploded shatteringly. The Italian chemist realised in horror its possible
application to warfare and stopped his research at once. It didn t help, of course. Others followed it up and other
high explosives were indeed being used in warfare by the close of the nineteenth century.
3 Did that make high explosives entirely bad? In 1867, Alfred Nobel learned how to mix nitroglycerine with
diatomaceous earth to produce a safer-to-handle mature he called 'dynamite'. With dynamite, earth could be moved
at a rate far beyond that of pick and shovel and without brutalizing men by hard labor. It was dynamite that helped
forge the way for railways, that helped build dams, subways, foundations, bridges, and a thousand other grand-scale
constructions of the industrial age.
4 A double-edged sword of good and evil has hung over human technology from the beginning. The invention of
knives and spears increased man's food supply—and improved the art of murder. The discovery of nuclear energy
now places all the earth under the threat of destruction yet it also offers the possibility of fusion power as an ultimate
solution to men's energy problems.
5 Or think back to the first successful vaccination in 1876 and the germ theory of disease in the 1860s. Do we view
medical advance as dangerous to humanity, or refuse to take advantage of vaccines and antitoxins, of anesthesia
and asepsis, of chemical specifics and antibiotics? And yet the side effects of the last century's medical discoveries
have done more to assure civilization’s destruction than anything nuclear physicists have done. For, the population
explosion today is caused not by any rise in average birth rate but by the sharp drop—thanks to medicine—in the
death rate.
6 Does that mean science should have avoided improving man's Jot through medicine and kept mankind a short-
lived race? Or does it mean we should use science to correct the possibly harmful side effects, devise methods that
would make it simpler to reduce the birth rate and keep it matching the falling death rate? The latter, obviously.
7 About 8000 B.C., mankind invented agriculture. Again it made possible an increase in numbers. People had never
eaten so well, but it meant they had to give up the free, nomadic life and remain bound to the soil. It meant hard
labour. It meant banding together to fight off surrounding tribes who, still food gathering, might help themselves
to your crops. It also meant the risk of crop failures.
8 Where irrigation was introduced to make harvest more dependable, it meant the formation of a large political
unit, the social tyranny of a king, an aristocracy, a priesthood. And, even if the land grew prosperous and populous,
any infectious disease that got started ran through the crowded population like wildfire.
9 Why not, then, go back to the wilder, freer ways of hunting and food gathering? Wouldn't that mean less work
and worry, less war, less pestilence?
10 But you can't! Abandon agriculture and, out of every 10,000 people, only 100 survive. No, the problems to which
agriculture gave rise could be solved only by moving forward with additional advances in technology—the use of
oxen in place of men, horses in place of oxen, crop rotation, fertilisers, etc.
11 We can save, conserve, cut out waste, but what we have, we must keep. The only solution, as always in the
history of mankind, is to solve problems by still further advances in technology.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions

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1. When was the first nitroglycerine produced?
a) 1846 b) 1845 c) 1946 d) 1876
2. Who produced the first nitroglycerine?
a) Ascanio b) Sobrero c) Ascanio Sobrero d) None of the above
3. Ascanio Sobrero was ---
a) Spanish b) Italian c) Chinese d) None of the above
4. How was the nitroglycerin was used during the warfare?
a) Medic b) Explosives c) Both a and b d) None of the above
5. When was nitrogen glycerin used as high explosives?
a) Eighteenth century b) Seventeen century c) Nineteenth century d) Twentieth century
6. Who produced “dynamite”?
a) Alfred Nobel b) Alfred Novel c) Novel Alfred d) None of the above
7. When was the “dynamite” introduced?
a) 1868 b) 1867 c) 1869 d) 1888
8. Dynamite is not at all safe to use?
a) True b) False
9. When was the first successful vaccination done?
a) 1872 b) 1876 c) 1867 d) 1879
10. When was the germ theory introduced?
a) 1860 b) 1890 c) 1687 d) 1867

8. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1 It must have been a terrible experience. The earthquake began with strong side-to-side movements which knocked
down any person who was standing. Then there were up-and-down movements, a vast rumbling and reverberating
noise as of an artillery bombardment or a hundred aeroplanes in the sky, and water gushed out in innumerable
places out of huge fissures and craters and rose to about ten or twelve feet. All this probably lasted for three minutes
or a little more, and then it died down; but those three minutes were terrible enough. It is not surprising that many
persons who saw this happen imagined that this was the end of the world. In the cities, there was a noise of falling
houses, and rushing of waters, and an atmosphere full of dust which made it impossible to see even a few yards. In
the rural areas, there was not much dust and one could see a little farther, but there were no calm-eyed spectators
about. Those who survived lay flat on the ground, or rolled about in an agony of terror.
2 The city of Monghyr was the last place in our tour. When we saw Monghyr and the absolute destruction of this
rich city, we gasped and shivered at the horror of it.
3 All over the earthquake areas there was a very painful absence of self-help among the residents, both in the cities
and villages. Probably, the middle classes in the cities were the worst offenders in this respect. They all waited for
somebody to take action and help them, either the Government or the non-official relief agencies. Others who
offered their services thought that the work meant ordering people about. Part of this feeling of helplessness was
no doubt due to the nervous collapse brought about by the terror of the earthquake, and it must have gradually
lessened.
4 In marked contrast with this was the energy and capacity of the large numbers of relief workers who poured in
from other parts of Bihar and other provinces. It was wonderful to see the spirit of efficient service of these young
men and women and, in spite of the fact that a host of separate relief organisations were working, there was a great
deal of co-operation between them.
5 Of all the non-official relief organisations, the Central Relief Committee, of which Rajendra Prasad was the head,
was by far the most important. This was by no means a purely Congress organisation, and it developed into an all-
India body representing various groups and the donors. It had, however, the great advantage of having the Congress
organisation in the rural areas at its disposal.
6 The Relief Committee availed itself of this fine organisation to reach the peasantry. In the rural areas, no other
agency, not even the Government, could be so helpful. And the head of both the Relief Committee and the Bihar
Congress Organisation was Rajendra Babu, the unquestioned leader of Bihar. Looking like a peasant, a typical son
of the soil of Bihar, he is not impressive at first sight, till one notices his keen frank eyes and his earnest look. One
does not forget that look or those eyes, for through them truth looks at you and there is no doubting them. His

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outstanding ability, his perfect straightness, his energy, and his devotion to the cause of Indian freedom are qualities
which have made him loved not only in his own province but throughout India.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. As per the passage, what was the last place of tour?
a) Monghyr b) Artillery c) Bihar d) None of the above
2. Where did the earthquake take place?
a) Artillery b) Bihar c) Artillery d) Monghyr
3. The synonym of the word “reverbating”
a) Echo b) Re echo c) Pound d) All of the above
4. Who was the head of the Central Relief Committee?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru b) Rajendra Prasad c) Indira Gandhi d) Rajiv Gandhi
5. What type of Organization was the Central Relief Committee?
a) Communist b) Congress c) Government d) None of the above
6. Other than relief committee Rajendra Prasad was also the head of----
a) Committee b) Bihar congress c) Monghyr congress d) None o f the above
7. As per the passage, the unquestioned leader of Bihar is mentioned to----
a) Jawaharlal Nehru b) Rajendra Prasad c) Mahatma Gandhi d) None of the above
8. What are the quality of Rajendra Prasad ?
a) Energy b) Straightness c) Devotion d) All of the above
9. The antonym of the word “wonderful”
a) Sublime b) Awful c) Fantastic d) Energy
10. As per the passage Rajendra Prasad’s had _______ towards Indian freedom
a) Frank b) Devotion c) Anger d) Ability

9. Read the passage given below and answer the questions

1 Leadership is a very unique chemistry which happens when the best of everything gets together to create magic.
2 The New Testament says: "As Jesus passed on from there, he saw a man named Mathew sitting at the tax office
and said to him, 'Follow me.' So lie rose and followed him." No questions, no arguments, no hesitation. What is
that mysterious, intangible, electric elusive quality known as leadership?
3 The inevitable million-dollar question that keeps cropping up is "Are leaders born with a natural capability to lead
or do they learn to do so?" And the surprising answer is—both. Organisational capabilities and individual brilliance
are something they are born with. But fine points such as patience, humility and appreciating opinion different from
one's own, are all acquired in time. As G.B. Shaw once remarked, "The golden rule is that there are no golden
rules." One can never pinpoint with absolute accuracy all the traits that a leader requires. They change from time to
time and situation to situation.
4 The true qualities of a person emerge in the face of adversity. So is it with leaders. Look at any person who has
the rare ability to lead, the first thing you find is how cool and self-composed he is even in times of crisis. In the
midst of chaos, he sets out in right earnest setting things right, restoring normalcy and soon things are back to
normal.
5 A leader has to be a visionary; he must be able to draw inspiration from the past and envision a future brighter
than the present, however difficult that might seem. He has to be very clear about his vision—what he is serving
and the mission—what he must achieve.
6 Another distinguishing trait of leaders is their organisational ability, the ability to coordinate together individual
efforts into a single one.
7 A leader has the capability of bringing out the best in the people he leads and cultivate a team spirit. He allows
others to solve the problem rather than taking it on single-handedly. He has to communicate very well so as to gain
the confidence of others, so that they feel they are on the right track and then they would be ready to lay down their
lives.
8 He has to be patient, to listen to others' grievances and hence half the battle is won.
9 A leader has to be a highly efficient manager as well as a coordinator. He might have to set an example before
the rest. His individual work has to be flawless.
10 "A leader is a dealer in hope," said Napoleon.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. What was name of the man Jesus saw sitting at the tax office?

STUDY AIDS | 8
 a) Steve b) Mathew c) Jesus d) None of the above
2. Leaders are born with ____ to lead
a) Natural capability b) Learn c) Both a and b d) None of the above
3. The true qualities of a person emerge in face of ______
a) Capabilities b) Adversity c) Brilliance d) Appreciation
4. As per the passage, “a leader has to be _____”
a) Composed b) Visionary c) Flawless d) None of the above
5. Capability of leader is
a) Bringing out best in people b) Cultivate team spirit c) Both a and b d) None of the above
6. To gain confidence of others what the leader to has to do
a) Communicate b) Coordinate c) Grievance d) None of the above
7. A leader solve a problem single handedly rather than allowing other to solve it
a) True b) False
8. Napoleon said “A leader is a ____ in hope”
a) Coordinator b) Dealer c) Example d) None of the above
9. The synonym of the word “effiecient”
a) Well organized b) Patient c) Flawless d) None of the above
10. The antonym of the word “communicate”
a) Pass b) Pass on c) Curse d) Commune

10. Read the passage given below and answer the questions
1 Knowledge is an important component of success in an interview. It has two aspects: range and depth. The former
implies that you should know a lot beyond your own specialisation and the latter means an awareness of the various
aspects of the topics under discussion. An in-depth knowledge is gained through reading and listening. Listening is
more important than reading. Be a keen listener, store major facts in your mind and use them at the appropriate
time.
2 Next comes appearance, which means your dress for the interview. You must be elegantly attired for the occasion.
Wear a simple outfit that suits your physique and features. Women should wear sarees or any other sober dress.
Casuals like kurta-pyjama should not feature in your selection of dresses.
3 Conducting yourself in an apt way is equally significant. The way you move yourself, sit on the chair, place your
hands and your briefcase and talk to the members reflect your behaviour. Walking sloppily, talking loudly or
inaudibly, getting irritated easily, and showing documents insistently are symptoms of bad behaviour. A better way
is to enter the room smartly, move forward with dignity, greet the board, sit when asked to, and thank at the end
before you leave.
4 Expression is the most important aspect of the interview. It conveys your views and opinions. For good expression,
what you need is clarity of mind and speech. Show your balanced thinking to convey your views clearly.
5 Convey your views effectively. In an interview, you may be asked questions where you have to either agree or
disagree. Whatever your approach, convince the board that it is unbiased. The board may not agree with your view.
Even if you disagree, let not your face show it. Create an impact through your expressions. Give an impression of
being a leader. Show that you can cooperate and get cooperation that you can share views and get people to accept
your authority to reach decisions and implement them.
6 Finally, never consider yourself to be a perfect man. Being a human being makes you susceptible to Haws.
However, try to conform to the highest standards and reach as close to perfection as possible.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. For a success in interview what is the most important component we need?
a) Appearance b) Physique c) Knowledge d) None of the above
2. What is the aspect of knowledge?
a) Range b) Depth c) Both a and b d) None of the above
3. What should women wear for the interview?
a) Sarees b) Kurta c) Either a nor b d) None of the above
4. Walking sloppily, talkin loudly or inaudibly are symptoms ______
a) Good behavior b) Bad behavior c) Smartness d) None of the above
5. What is the important aspect of the interview?

STUDY AIDS | 9
 a) Views b) Expression c) Conducting d) None of the above
6. Finally, we should consider our self as a perfect man
a) True b) False
7. As per the passage “we should convey our views _______”
a) Ineffectively b) Effectively c) Conform d) None of the above
8. We should try to conform to our _______ standards
a) lowest b) highest c) perfection d) none of the above
9. The synonym of the word “conform”
a) Obey b) Accept c) Flout d) Rebel
10. The antonym of the word “inaudibly”
a) Mumbled b) Soft c) Low d) Audible

11. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1 Everyone knows that smoking and chewing tobacco is bad for health, yet 250 million people in India—almost
one-fourth of the country's population—consume some form of tobacco. "People think that they can give up tobacco
use whenever they want, but it's not that easy. Nicotine is an addictive drug," former health minister Dr Ambumani
Ramadoss told the Hindustan Times.
2 The World Health Organisation links smoking to 25 cancers—head and neck, urinary bladder, kidneys, cervix,
pancreas and colon, to name just a few. Smoking is also a major risk factor for several other diseases such as chronic
bronchitis, heart disease, stroke, impotence and premature death.
3 "Most people link smoking to cancers, but it is the biggest cause of heart disease. Smoking increases the risk of
clot formation in the blood, which can block arteries and cause heart attack even in healthy people," says Dr R.R.
Kashiwal, Director, Cardiology, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre. "Lifestyle changes don't help much if
a person continues smoking," he adds.
4 Smoking causes about 30 per cent of all cancer deaths (including 90 per cent of lung cancer deaths). According
to the Indian Council of Medical Research, one million people die from tobacco use in India every year. Reducing
tobacco use is naturally a big priority for the health minister.
5 Despite the cigarettes and other tobacco products (packaging and labelling) rules banning smoking in public
places and sale to minors in India, the number of smokers is going up each year. "About ten million children under
the age of 15 are addicted to tobacco in India," says Ramadoss.
6 The WHO estimates that of every 1,000 tobacco users today, 500 will die of a tobacco related disease. 250 of
them in their middle age. The current tobacco consumption trend in India indicates a shoot up from 1.4 per cent of
deaths in 1990 to 13.3 per cent in 2020.
7. A proposal to carry graphic and direct health warnings such as "Tobacco Kilis"-on all tobacco packages has been
postponed indefinitely because of pressure from the food industry, which claims farmers and poor workers will lose
jobs. But thousands of lives will be saved if the new warnings drive home the health hazards of tobacco use more
effectively. "The statutory warning currently carried on tobacco products is in English, a language that a majority
of the population cannot read or understand," says Ramadoss, who will start a campaign to make workplaces smoke-
free this year to protect non-smokers from second hand smoke.
8. Most people would stop tobacco if they knew what goes into making a cigarette. It has formaldehyde, the
chemical used to preserve animals in chemistry labs, cynamide found in rat poison; and nicotine, which is a
powerful insecticide. Studies have shown that bidis are even more harmful than cigarettes.
9. "Tobacco is the second biggest cause of death in the world and kills 5 million people — one in 10 adult deaths
each year. If that is not reason enough to stop its use, I don't know what is," says Ramadoss.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. “Smoking and chewing tobacco is good for health”
a) True b) False
2. How many people in India consume tobacco?
a) 260 million b) 250 million c) 500 million d) 800 million
3. As per the passage “Nicotine is a addictive ____”
a) Health b) Medicine c) Drug d) None of the above
4. How many cancers do the WHO links to smoking?
a) 56 b) 89 c) 25 d) 23
5. Who is the director of cardiology,Escorts Hearts Institute and research centre?

STUDY AIDS | 10
 a) Dr R Kashiwal b) Dr R.R Kashiwal c) Dr B R Kashiwal d) Dr Ambumani Ramadoss
6. How much percent death are caused by smoking?
a) 90 b) 60 c) 10 d) 30
7. What is the percentage of lung cancer?
a) 50 b) 60 c) 90 d) 30
8. According to Indian Council of Medical Research how many people die from tobacco use?
a) 1 million b) 9 millions c) 50000 d) 8millions
9. The synonym of the word “clot”
a) Thin b) Liquefy c) Lump d) None of the above
10. The antonym of the word “ give up”
a) Bear on b) Hold out c) Arrogate d) All of the above

12. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Conflict between people lakes the forms of assertiveness, aggression and violence. It is fuelled by many factors,
including greed, selfishness, desire, jealousy, envy, fear, hale and lust for power. From the perspective of yogic
philosophy, these "fuels" for conflict arc all caused by a clouding of our perception, called avidya. Because avidya,
we do not recognize our true spiritual kinship with other people, and we are prone to experience those "fuels" of
conflict.
2 These "fuels" are widely varied, but have one commonality; experience of any of these emotions or desires is
done from an "I" perspective. People who feel these emotions want more (or less) of something for themselves, as
compared lo what I hey see in other people. These people do nol identify with others, but feel separate from them,
left oul or isolated. 'Iwo powerful tools exist to reduce the effect of these "fuels" within ourselves: cultivating right
altitude, anil behaving in constructive ways.
3 Some of us feel envious or jealous when we see another who is happy, successful or content. We may feel disgust
or even hatred at the sight of a drifter or a drug addict. In this ease, Patanjali's Yoga Sutras prescribe a change in
attitude towards other people, a change that will help us purify our minds and become more peaceful. To become
more peaceful, we should practice being pleased when we see another who is happy. We should strive to be
compassionate towards those in misery, and joyful to see virtue in another. In cultivating these attitudes, we become
more accepting of the world and more peaceful towards others. Non-possessiveness can he practiced, as can
contentment.
4 Our behavior—how we act—includes both how we treat others, and how we treat ourselves. To become satisfied
in our lives and more peaceful in our treatment of others, we should practice non-violence, truthfulness, and non-
stealing, three of the 'yamas' from Yoga Sutras. These qualities help us become happier in our lives and less
aggressive towards others. Practicing meditation is also known to reduce stress and increase happiness.
5 Some people do not want to be less aggressive or happier. They want more power and more control. They don't
want cooperation. They see themselves as separate from others, and responsible for their own success. Their world
view assumes that they can and should decide what is proper and that others must conform to their desires. These
people will not be swayed by arguments about the happiness that accrues after several years of meditation, or the
peace to be found in recognising one's true Self. They want results, and they want them now. Even these people can
accept a yoga practice, if it is presented to them in a way they value, which usually means a 'physical' practice.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. Conflict between peoples take the form of
a) Assertiveness b) Aggression c) Violence d) All of the above
2. “Yamas” of yoga sutras---
a) Non violence b) Truthfulness c) Non stealing d) all of the above
3. Meditation reduces-----
a) Stress b) Depression c) Both a and b d) None of the above
4. Patanjali Yoga sutras prescribe a change in ______ towards people
a) Peace b) Attitude c) Physical d) None of the above
5. “Some peoples don’t want to be less aggressive or happier”
a) True b) False
6. The synonym of the word “ spiriitual”
a) Physical b) Mudane c) Material d) Inner

STUDY AIDS | 11
7. As per the passage “physical exercise is meant to”
a) Argument b) Fights c) Yoga d) Cooperation
8. “Some of us feel ______when we see other who is happy”
a) Envious b) Jealous c) Either a or b d) None of the above
9. The antonym of the word “non violence”
a) Violence b) Meditation c) Peace d) None of the above
10. The conflict between peoples is fuelled with ----
a) Greed b) Desire c) Jealousy d) All of the above

13. Read the passage given below.

1 Roshni Bainva remembers running all the way from her home in Tonk's Mahmoodnagar Dhan village to the
room where the "bal samooh (children's group) met. "My grandparents are getting me married, you have to do
something." The then 12-year-old told the 20 or so children sitting there.
2 The children, all aged between eight and 16. trooped up to Roshni's house and urged her grandparents to stop
the impending wedding. Others, including village elders and teachers. joined in. The wedding was stopped. She
had discovered a way out of the quagmire with the help of a local NGO and the village children.
3 When she was in class XII, the pressure to get married returned. This time her unde found a match for her.
When she resisted, she was taunted, and beaten. People would point to bt~ >=, the girl who brought shame to her
family, and asked their children not to speak to her "I *>;. 16 years old and alone in the world. I walked to school
with my eyes fixed to the ffoonc. I would think sometimes, what have t done that is so terrible for everyone to
hate me so ana-. I would cry myself to sleep." recalls Roshni, who lost her father when she was two and 'r.i:. been
abandoned by her mother shortly after. But even in those dark moments. Roshni did,-/: give up. moving out of the
village to Peeplu tehsil in Rajasthan where she rented a room ar.d attended college.
4 With education and independence came a sense of confidence. ~I kept in touch with the driUrea in the village.
Even' time there was a child marriage, they would call ate and I would go to stop it. I realised I had already been
thrown out of the village, the worst had already happened, what else could the villagers do? So I went and fought
with everyone who was getting their child married," she says with a laugh. So far she has stopped over a dozen
marriages.
5 Even without the support of the law. young girls have been crusading against the practice. Earlier this month,
19-year-old Sushila Bishnoi from Banner succeeded in getting her maniaee annulled, submitting photographs and
congratulatory messages from her husband's Facebook account to the court. The court accepted these as evidence
that the union took place vfaeo both bride and groom were 12 years old. and declared the marriage invalid.
6 Scema Bairwal (name changed) was 15 when she was married to a man a few years older. Later when she
started attending 'bal samooh' meetings with NGO Shiv Shiksha Samiti and Save the Children, it dawned on her
that she had a choice. "I learnt that my life is mine. I have the power to say no to marriage.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. Roshni moved out of the village in because---
a) Seek a job b) Marry a boy of her choice c) Attend college d) Escape villagers
2. The synonym of “annulled”
a) Legally not valid b) Help somebody c) Social works d) Impending doom
3. As oer the passage brides are rebels against ----
a) Dowry b) Child marriage c) Purdah system d) Arrange marriage
4. When roshni was 16 the people of the village
a) Taunted to beat her up b) Understading c) Boycotted her d) Angry with her
5. At what age roshni lost her father
a) 3 b) 6 c) 2 d) 8
6. What made roshni confidnent?
a) Education b) Independence c) Both a and b d) None of the above
7. At what age village people used to beat Roshni
a) 6 b) 16 c) 45 d) 15
8. At what age roshni succeded her mission?
a) 12 b) 13 c) 14 d) 8
9. with how many children roshni succeded her misson

STUDY AIDS | 12
 a) 50 b) 20 c) 30 d) 60
10. The antonym of the word “independence”
a) Dependence b) Taunt c) Urge d) None of the above

14. Read the passage given below.

1 White House security entrance at 2:15 PM on Tuesday, October 17: There are six Indians in immaculate sherwanis
that the secret service is trying to clear through by matching their passports or drivers licences to the information
they have on their computers. Four clear and two have problems. One of them is me. The problem is my passport
has no last name. Even though I have met with candidate Trump, President-Elect Trump, and then President Trump,
at least a dozen times, it's never been at the White House.
2 Diwah at the White House was scheduled to begin at 3:15 pm. For 30 minutes four different White House officials
tried to get me cleared, but these secret service guys refused to break the protocol no matter who the visitor. It is
3:00 PM now. Finally, seeing no solution in sight, the Secret Service offer a way out — I could go in as long as I
am escorted by an official all the time. Three members of our group of six had already gone in, and finally the rest
of us dash to the Roosevelt room, right next to the Oval Office. Just in time at 3:30 pm.
3 There were a total of 26 guests, most of them currently working for the Trump administration such as Nikki
Haley, Seema Verma, Ajit Pai, Raj Shah, Vanilla Singh, along with six members of the Republican Hindu Coalition
(RHC) that had played a major role in the election of President Trump. 1 am the RHC India Ambassador.
4 After a 10-minute wait in the Roosevelt room, all 26 of us line up in the Oval Office. President Trump walks in,
and comes over to us, the Kumar family which includes my dad Shalabh "Shalli" Kumar, his son Vikram Aditya
Kumar and of course me.
5 The President then proceeded to read his statement and light the diya with Nikki Haley and Seema Verma to his
right and Shalabh Kumar and me to his left.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. The author celebrated Diwali with President because
a) Belonged to Kumar Family b) Ambassador of RHC
c) Both a and b d) None of the above
2. The synonym of “ scheduled”
a) Arranged b) Decided c) Looked after d) Stationary
3. The celebration was held in
a) Lawn b) Roosevelt room c) Oval office d) Trumps drawing room
4. Her name on the ______ had no last name
a) ID b) Passport c) Both a and b d) None of the above
5. How many guests were lined up?
a) 28 b) 26 c) 29 d) 27
6. How many member of Hindu coalition played major in in president trump election
a) 9 b) 6 c) 3 d) 8
7. Diwali at the White house was scheduled to start at 3:15 pm
a) True b) False
8. How much time did they wait in the Roosevelt room?
a) 15 mins b) 10 mins c) 2 mins d) 60 mins
9. Who was there with the president when he light the diya?
a) Seema verma b) Nikki Haley c) Shlalabh kumar d) All of the above
10. What was the fathers name of the author?
a) Shallabh shalli kumar b) Vikram aditya kumar c) Seema verma d) Nikki haley

15. Read the passage given below and answer the questions
1 The bad news broke at dawn. It was a visibly smoggy morning. Air pollution levels had peaked to "severe" on
Diwali night and remained dangerously high till Friday afternoon as reflected in the real-time monitoring data of
(CPCB) and Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC).
2 The CPCB. however, pointed out a silver lining. It said the air quality index (AQI) this year was better than the
ones on Diwali in the past two years in spite of hostile meteorological conditions. On Diwali last year (October 30,
2016), the average AQI for the city was in the "severe" category at 426 while the year before that (November 11,
2015), it had been in the "very poor" category at 327. This time, it was marginally lower at 326.

STUDY AIDS | 13
3 There are so many factors impacting air quality — from the speed and direction of the wind to burning of crop
stubble in neighbouring states — that it is difficult to definitively identify the main culprit. What, however, has to
be acknowledged is that at least a majority of people have the will to stick to what may appear to be unpalatable
decisions for better quality of life.
4 The data, however, is making informed observers worry — particularly the massive peaks in PM (Paniculate
Matter) 2.5 (fine, respirable pollution particles) and PM 10 (coarse pollution particles) levels on Thursday night
after 10 pm. Delhi peaked to 656 micrograms per cubic metres around midnight.
5 However, the data also shows that in spite of unfavourable meteorological conditions, the air quality on Diwali
this year was better than last year. It had not been so good in the two days preceding Diwali due to intrusion of
humid air from the south-east coupled with prevailing calm wind conditions. The average mixing height (the height
to which smoke or air will rise, mix and disperse) recorded on October 18 and 19 were 547 metres and 481 metres,
respectively. According to CPCB. It should be at least 1000 metres for proper dispersal.

1. the AQI level after diwali this was ---

a) same b) higher c) lower d) none of the above
2. Who banned the sale of fireworks?
a) High court b) Supreme court c) Both a and b d) None of the above
3. How much micrograms per cubic metres Delhi peaked during midnight?
a) 696 b) 656 c) 666 d) 362
4. Full form of “CPCB”
a) Control pollution central board b) Central Pollution Control Board
c) Delhi pollution control board d) None of the above
5. There will be no air pollution if
a) School children donot burst crackers b) Motor vehicle do not move
c) Strong wind on Diwali night d) None of the above
6. The synonym of the word “unfavourable”
a) Impact b) Hostile c) Appear d) None of the above
7. On October 30 2016 the AQI level of Delhi was at category
a) 326 b) 426 c) 526 d) 826
8. What is the mixing height recorded on Oct 18
a) 547 b) 481 c) 236 d) 656
9. The antonym of the word “intrusion”
a) invasion of b) withdrawal c) interruption of d) none of the above
10. the massive peak of PM 2.5 and PM 0. On Diwali made observers worried
a) true b) false

16. Read the passage given below.

1 In six months, road users in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, have learned to cringe at using the car horn
unnecessarily. "I feel embarrassed now when I occasionally blow the horn,'" said Rajaram Dangal, a hotel manager.
"I feel like people are staring at me from all around." Clearly, the traffic police's slogan of "Let's be civilised, let's
not use the horn" is working.
2 Making Dangal give up his instinctive action at the wheel has not been easy. Like in most old South Asian cities,
horns seem a matter of life and death in Kathmandu, with its narrow, congested, pot holed roads. Pedestrians —
and animals — cross the roads at will. There are no traffic lights and road dividers. And yet today, you only hear a
few stray beeps on the street. Even these sound tentative and have none of the aggressive, let-me-through tone that
you find in, say, Delhi.
3 The induction of a no-nonsense officer to head the traffic police, a ban on horns, strict vigilance, a fine of ? 500
(? 315 in Indian currency) and threat of public ignominy have brought a degree of silence on the noisy streets. Noise
pollution had reached unhealthy highs in the Nepalese capital.
4 After clamping down on honking, 15,500 people have been hauled up. Sarbendra Khanal, traffic police chief,
said this was achieved despite the cops having no mechanical device to pinpoint the horn sound.
5 And yet, the quietude of sorts is holding out." "It's early days still, but I feel mindsets are changing," Khanal was
optimistic. The government's intent to change the street ambience was enunciated in no less than Khanal's selection

STUDY AIDS | 14
to head the traffic police soon after the announcement of the ban. What did DIG Khanal bring to the table? He has
little traffic experience. Rather, the officer has a reputation as an "encounter specialist", having crushed 109 criminal
outfits in the Terai.
6 It isn't difficult to extrapolate Khanal's renown as a tough cop to the willingness of the people to full in line.
Roads are dense with motorcycles since car prices are prohibitive there
7 Reining in these weaving, wailing two wheelers was the biggest challenge for Khanal and his team. However, it
isn't all baton and threats. There is a continuing awareness drive which to date has included 9,400 roadside
gatherings, J,230 sessions with bus and truck drivers and 1.680 visits to schools and colleges. The results are there
to see or rather hear.
8 The success has proved I hat tough measures can be implemented.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. the traffic police in Kathmandu
a) Linked not blowing car horns b) Strict rules aginst blowing horns
c) Strategy for controlling horns d) All of the above
2. Not blowing horns on the streets of Kathmandu is a matter of life and death because
a) Lead to accidents b) Roads are narrow c) No road dividers d) None of the above
3. Kathmandu is the capital of ---
a) Nepal b) India c) Dubai d) None of the above
4. Noise pollution has reached ______ high in the Nepalese capital
a) Prohibitive b) Unhealthy c) Both a and b d) None of the above
5. Who is the Traffic police chief ?
a) Sarbendra Khanal b) Bahadur c) Kalam d) None of the above
6. The synonym of the word “Extrapolate”
a) Estimate b) Make known c) Cringe at car horn d) Alert pedestrian
7. The synonym of the word “ Reining”
a) A lot of traffic b) Controlling c) Tough measures d) Intent to change
8. What kind of officer was Khanal ?
a) Pessimistic b) Non nonsense c) Both a and b d) None of the above
9. How many criminal outfits did the officer crushed ?
a) 100 b) 200 c) 109 d) 209
10. Words similar to “controlling” in the passage
a) Reining in b) Baton c) Implement d) Tough

17. Read the following passage carefully.

1. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the eleventh president of India, was a great scientist, teacher and writer. He had
written many books like 'Ignited Minds,' 'India 2020,' 'Mission India' and 'Wings of Fire'. He was a source of
inspiration for the young and old alike. Here is an extract from 'Wings of Fire' which depicts his early life in his
own words.
2. My parents, Jainulabdeen and Ashiamma were widely regarded as an ideal couple. My mother's lineage was
the more distinguished, one of her forebears having been bestowed the title of 'BAHUDUR' by the British. I
normally ate with my mother, sitting on the floor of the kitchen. She would place a banana leaf before me, on which
she had ladled rice and aromatic sambhar, a variety of sharp home-made pickles and a dollop of fresh coconut
chutney.
3. The famous Shiva temple, which made Rameshwaram so sacred to pilgrims was about a ten-minule walk from
our house. Our locality was predominantly Muslim, but there were quite a few Hindu families too, living amicably
with their Muslim neighbours. There was a very old mosque in our locality where my father would take me for
evening prayers. I had not the faintest idea rwm
of the meaning of the Arabic prayers chanted, but I was totally convinced that they reached God. When my father
came out of the mosque after the prayers, people of different religions would be sitting outside, waiting for him.
Many of them offered bowls of water to my father who would dip his fingers in them and say a prayer. This water
was then carried home for invalids. I also remember people visiting our home to offer thanks after being cured. My
father always smiled and asked them to thank Allah, the benevolent and merciful.

STUDY AIDS | 15
4. The high priest of Rameswaram Temple, Pakshi Lakshmana, was a very 'close friend of my father. One of the
most vivid memories of my childhood is of the two men, each in his traditional attire, discussing spiritual matters.
5. When I was old enough to ask questions I asked my father about the relevance of prayer. "When you pray" he
said "you transcend your body and become a part of the cosmos which knows no division of wealth, age, caste or
creed".
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. Who was the eleventh president of India?
a) Rajendra Prasad b) Jawaharlal Nehru c) Dr A.P.J Abdul Kala, d) Pratibha Patel
2. Dr A.P.J Abdul Kalam was a
a) Scientist Teacher b) Writer c) All of the above
3. Abdul Kalam s father was a close friend of
a) Bahadur b) Pakshi Lakhsmana c) Rameshwaram d) None of the above
4. The muslims offered there prayer in the Rameshwaram Temple?
a) True b) False
5. Pakshi Laksmana was the high priest of
a) Iskcon temple b) Rameshwaram temple c) Both a and b d) None of the above
6. The synonym of the word “attire”
a) Cosmos b) Clothes c) Creeds d) Caste
7. Abdul Kalam sang Arabic songs in childhoon because---
a) Had no idea b) Father took him mosque c) Prayers reached GOD d) Keen to learn them
8. Abdul Kalam lived in an area where
a) Muslims were minority b) Hindus were majority
c) Muslims and hindus has hostility for one another d) Muslims and hindus lived friendly manner
9. Who discussed spiritual matters with the high priest
a) Kalam b) Kalam’s father c) Kalam’s mother d) Kalam’s brother
10. The synonym of the word “convinced”
a) Undoubtedly b) Sacred c) Completely sure d) Amicably

18. Read the passage given below.

1. Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the
most complex mathematical problems or put thousand unrelated data in order. These machines can be put to varied
uses. For instance, they can provide information on the best way to prevent traffic accidents. They work accurately
and at high speed.
2. They save research workers' years of hard work. This whole process by which machines can be used to work
for us has been called 'automation'. In future automation may enable human beings to enjoy more leisure than they
do today. The coming of automation is bound to have important social consequences.
3. Some years ago, an expert on automation. Sir Leon Bagrit pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these
machines could think. There is no possibility that human beings will be controlled by machines. Though computers
are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving on their performances, they need detailed instructions
from human beings to be able to operate. They can never lead independent lives or rule the world by taking decisions
of their own.
4. Sir Leon said that in future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to be carried in one's
pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged
into a wireless network and can be used like radios. For instance, people, going on holiday, could be informed about
weather conditions. Car drivers can be given an alternative route, when there is a traffic jam. It will also be possible
to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people, who do not share a common language, to talk to each
other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications.
5. It is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are
caused simply due to our failure to understand each other. Computers will also be used in ordinary public hospitals.
By providing a machine with a patient's systems, a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness. Similarly,
machines could be used to keep a check on a patient's health record and bring it up to date. Doctors will, therefore,
have immediate access to great many facts which will help them in their work. Bookkeepers and accountants too
could be relieved of dull clerical work. For the tedious task of compiling and checking lists of figures could be done

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entirely by machines. Computers are the most efficient servant man has ever had and there is no limit to the way
they can be used to improve our lives.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. Computers can be used to
a) Treatment b) Prescribe meds c) Diagnose d) Keeping patient in good mood
2. Many international misunderstandings are caused due to our failure to understand
a) Ourselves b) Other nations c) Each other d) Our friends
3. Computers can solve _______ mathematical problems
a) Simple b) Certain c) Complex d) Any
4. Computers can be plugged into a ______network and can be used like radios
a) Wired b) Wireless c) Both a and b d) None of the above
5. “In future computers would be developed which would be small enough to be carried in one s pocket”
who said this?
a) sir lion b) sir leon c) sir alexender d) none of the above
6. the antonym of the word “complicated”
a) difficult b) simple c) easy d) strange
7. computers are the most innefficent servant that man has ever had
a) true b) false
8. the verb form of “alternative”
a) alternate b) alter c) late d) elate
9. As per the passage “there is no possibility that ______will ever be controlled by machines”
Computers
a) Human beings b) Paintients c) None of the above
10. Computer are the most effiecient _____
a) Doctors b) Servants c) Bookkeeper d) None of the above

19. Read the passage givcn below.

1. Delhi has grown into a city that shuns children. It is now an urban sprawl, its development model skewed in
favour of motorised traffic and commercial capitalization. This has snatched play fields from kids. With vehicles
both stationary and on the move occupying every inch of space available, the roads and even lanes and bylanes are
out of bounds for the little ones unlike in American and European cities, there are few public spaces where one can
hang out. No wonder, our children spend a lot of time indoors, glued to the TV, PC or mobile screens. 'It's time."
urban planning experts say, 'to reconsider Delhi's growth with the welfare of its children in mind.'
2. Supreme Court Judge Kurian Joseph expressed his anguish at the shrinking playing space for children in Delhi.
The condition of the parks in the city, he said in the letter, was a "serious violation of human rights of children" as
it was "their right in their tender times to have a decent environment to play and frolic around."
3. Kuldeep Singh, an architect and urban planner, who worked with DDA during 1956-57 to bring out Delhi's first
master plan, explained how initially children's needs were the town planner's priority. "Space standards were set
very rationally, and in every neighbourhood, a huge open space was reserved for children which we called 'tot-lots'.
"This was the place where we thought children would get a space to play and mingle with each other and we kept
it away from roads," recalled Singh. However, due to administrative reasons, the idea of 'tot-lots' had to be dropped
and regrettably, was never entertained again.
4. "Over the years, circumstances have changed and people are reluctant to let their children go out without some
kind of security, as a result of which the children are now suffering." says Mr. Singh. Before it's too late, Mr. Singh
hopes the few open spaces for kids are restored and protected from vehicles looking for parking lots. Another urban
planning expert says the first rectification Delhi's development model needs to carry out is to ensure mobility of
children.
5. "Two thousand pedestrians die on Delhi's roads every year of which several are children. There may not be a
dearth of green spaces in Delhi, the city has a unique advantage on that front but kids have no safe means to reach
their places independently," says Manjit Rastoqi, founder of architecture firm Morphogenesis. "It is catastrophic to
learn about child mortality on Delhi's roads, but, on the other hand, you have the tragedy of kids being confined to
their homes," points out Mr. Rastogi. "From a city of cars, Delhi needs to become a city of pedestrians where
children can enjoy and identify themselves with their surroundings," he adds.

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6. Developing public spaces with colourful street furniture, swings, art instalations, etc., could draw in kids and
bring them out of their homes. DDA officials say their focus is on balanced development of the city, which takes
into account children's recreational needs. "DDA is working on new policies like Transit Oriented Development
which have sufficient provisions for taking care of pedestrians and movement of children and women safely. Their
policies will guide the future development of the city," said Neemo Dhar, spokesperson, DDA.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. The given passage suggest that _______
a) Delhi kids enjoy sitting infront of the T V b) Delhi has taken care of recreational needs of the kids
c) Several children die at at the roads of Delhi d) Motorist are not favoured by city planners
2. To _______ is the human right of children
a) Sit infront of T V screen b) Use mobile phone
c) Remain indoors d) Have good environment to play and enjoy
3. Full form TOD ---
a) Transport oriented development b) Tnamsit object development
c) Transit oriented development d) None of the above
4. Kuldeep Singh was an
a) Architect b) Urban planner c) both a and b d) none of the above
5. Kuldeep Singh worked with DDA during
a) 1956-57 b) 1957-58 c) 1998-99 d) None of the above
6. Delhi is now a urban sprawl ,its development model skewed in favour of motorized traffic
a) True b) False
7. Space reserved for children are called---
a) Lots tots b) Tot lots c) Lotslots d) None of the above
8. Who expressed his anguish at shrinking playing space for children ?
a) Kuldeep singh b) Kurian joseph c) Both a and b d) None of the above
9. What is new policy DDA working on?
a) TOD b) FOD c) COD d) None of the above
10. Words meaning same as “mix”
a) Mingle b) Needs c) New d) Safety

20. Read the passage given below.

1. Life on our planet earth began with the sea; it is the birth place of life on the earth. The earth is the only planet
of our solar system so far known which contains plenty of water and this water has made our earth colourful,
pulsating with life of a vast variety.
2. At present sea occupies about 70 per cent of the earth's surface. In the southern hemisphere it occupies more
area than that in the northern. About 91ct of the total water on the surface of the earth is found in the seas and the
remaining three per cent, which is generally fresh, in lakes, rivers, ponds, etc.
3. Sea has given food and shelter to countless creatures. It is a potential source of protein. In 1900 the world was
only 150 crore, now it is more than 560 crore and is increasing at a very fast rate. As a result, there is a terrible
hunger in many parts of the world. In Africa. Asia and South America, millions of people do not get enough to eat.
Many die of malnutrition. Sea, if used scientifically and judiciously, can meet most of our demands.
4. Plankton or algae mostly constitutes the plant life. Like plant plankton there are also animal plankton; the
smallest living creature in the sea. These animal plankton feed on plant plankton and small fish. Thus, there is an
unbroken chain of life in the sea.
5. Arctic and Antarctic seas abound in plankton and algae and so in fish also. Blue whales, the largest living
creatures of the world, are also found here in great number.
6. Some countries have developed sea farming to a great extent. The Japanese and the Hawaiians relish eating sea
plants but it is not so in other countries though some use them to feed their cattle or as manure in their fields. The
fact is that sea plants contain rich nutrients not fount! in other vegetarian food. It is good that even in our country
some scientists have developed some recipes for curries, jams, etc. to be made from algae.
7. But we must remember one thing that sea is not to be exploited immediately. For example, man in his greed has
hunted whales and some other sea creatures so recklessly that some of their species have either become extinct or
are on the verge of extinction. Now, nations of the world have realised their folly and have taken some joint

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decisions. For example, one such decision is that the size of the holes in fishing nets should be big enough to let
baby fish escape through. Otherwise, killing of large quantities of very young fish would have an adverse effect on
the fish population. In the same way another decision is for the protection of the blue
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
1. Algae mostly constitutes
a) Wildlife b) Human life c) Sea life d) Plant life
2. The antonym of “active” is
a) Plankton b) Vegetarian food c) Extinct d) Blue whale
3. What is the largest living creature of the world?
a) Blue whale b) Pomfret c) Dolphin d) None of the above
4. The earth is the only planet in solar system that contains a plenty of----
a) Water b) Fields c) Both a and b d) None of the above
5. The size of holes in the fishing nets should be big enough to let
a) big fish stay in b) water flow out c) baby fish escape d) more fish and water enter
6. the animal plankton is the biggest living creature of the sea
a) true b) False
7. The antonym of the word “plenty”
a) Little b) Inadequeate c) Scarcity d) Minimal
8. What sea is abound in plankton and algae
a) Arctic b) Antaric c) Both d) None of the above
9. What is birth place of life on earth?
a) Sea b) Land c) Sky d) Moon
10. Curries and jams can be made from algae
a) True b) False

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