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Welcome to the Earth Science for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Earth’s Internal Heat Sources!
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
t o manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
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skill into real life situations or concerns.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you understand the concepts on Earth’s internal heat sources. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course.
The module explains the essential details on the different internal heat
sources of Earth. It contains activities that you need to complete to grasp the
essential details of the lesson.
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The heat from the crust down to the inner core due to several
reasons. Which of the following words will best complete the thought of the given
statement?
A. decreases
B. equals
C. increases
D. proportional
2. All the layers of the earth have its own properties and characteristics. Which
among the layers of the earth has the highest temperature?
A. Core
B. Crust
C. Lithosphere
D. Mantle
3. Different elements comprise the layers of the earth. Which layer of the earth has
the highest amount of molten state iron?
A. Core
B. Crust
C. Lithosphere
D. Mantle
5. What happened to the amount of heat from crust down to the core?
A. It is equal.
B. It becomes lower.
C. It becomes higher.
D. It is indirectly proportional.
6. Earth was formed about 4. 6 billion years ago. Which of the following pertains to
the process by which gasses and dust of cloud were attracted by gravitational
energy?
A. Accretion
B. Solidification
C. Gravitational pull
D. Planetesimal
7. It is not possible to know about the earth’s interior by direct observations
because of its huge size and the changing nature of its internal composition.
Which of the following will best describe the given sentence?
A. It is correct.
B. It is incorrect.
C. It depends upon the outer or inner core.
D. It cannot be determined due to the nature of Earth.
8. Which among the layers of the earth has the greatest pressure which causes
tremendous internal heat of the earth?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer core
D. Inner core
9. There are several sources that contribute to the internal heat of the earth. Which
of the following is NOT a major process that contributed to Earth’s internal heat?
A. by radioactive decay
B. by gravitational pressure
C. by absorption of solar energy
D. by collision of the masses of gas and dust
11. Heat can be transferred from one plate of the earth to the other. What type of
heat transfer exists between the plate boundaries?
A. Radiation
B. Convection
C. Conduction
D. Thermal transfer
12. How do radioactive isotopes emit heat energy and contribute to Earth’s internal
heat?
A. by pressure freezing
B. by gravitational pressure
C. by preserving the primordial heat
D. by spontaneous radioactive decay
13. Why do some isotopes play a minor role in the production of heat in the interior
of the earth?
A. due to its abundance in the core
B. due to the heat it releases
C. due to chemical stability
D. due to its high energy capacity
14. What happened to the pressure inside the Earth as you go deeper?
Heat is needed in order for organisms to survive. This heat may come from
internal and external sources. The Earth's internal heat provides the heat and energy
which supplies the force for natural phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions. It also provides energy for the movement of the plates. However, despite
the large amount of heat that the Earth possesses, its internal energy is greater
during its early stages.
What’s In
Directions: Label the layers of the Earth and give a brief description of each layer.
Directions: Read the situation below and answer the following guide questions.
In January 12, 2020, Taal Volcano woke up from its long sleep and spew
tons of gases and ashes that covered the surrounding municipalities in Batangas
including the neighboring provinces of Cavite and Laguna. After the intense
phreatic explosion, PHIVOLCS reported that there was a magmatic explosion on the
following day.
Taal Volcano during its eruption on January 12, 2020. Photos are taken from one of the evacuees
Mr. Apolonio Enriquez at Brgy. Bilibinwang, Agoncillo, Batangas
Guide Questions:
1. Where does the magma come from?
2. How does internal structure of Earth produce magma?
3. What can you infer on the Earth’s internal temperature?
What is It
Direction: Unscramble the letters by placing the correct letter sequence in the
shaded boxes to come up with the correct answer for each number.
1. The process of how Earth was formed wherein gasses and dust cloud were
attracted by gravitational energy.
N O T I C C E A R
N E T A L I S L A P I M
A L M O R D I P R I A T H E
A C D I R A V E O T I
I O R A I V A C T E D C A D E Y
6. It increases due to the force pressing on an area because of the weight of an overlying
rocks.
R E S R E P S U
7. Earth’s inner most layer that is composed primarily of iron and nickel
E R N I N R E C O
Direction: Choose from the word bank the most appropriate word to complete the
statements below.
8. It took a long time for to move from the internal part of the Earth
going to its surface.
9. There had been of heat within the core to the mantle of the earth.
11. Radioactive decay emits that prevents the Earth from completely
cooling off.
12. The escape of heat from Earth’s surface is less than the heat generated from
internal , so heat builds up with.
14. The intense pressure prevents the iron and other minimal
amount of some elements from .
15. The and density are simply too great for the iron atoms to move
into a .
What I Have Learned
1 2 3 4
Produced Heat by
5 6 7 8
What I Can Do
Read and analyze the scenario below. Write your answer briefly.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the
temperature?
A. It increases.
B. It decreases.
C. It stays the same.
D. It increases, then decreases.
2. As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the
density of the materials of each layer?
A. Density increases
B. Density decreases
C. Density stays the same
D. Density increases, then decreases
3. What prevents the iron and other minimal amount of some elements in the core
from melting?
A. Density
B. Pressure
C. Temperature
D. Vapor
4. Why do some isotopes play a minor role in the production of heat in the interior
of the earth?
A. Due to its abundance in the core
B. Due to the heat it releases
C. Due to chemical stability
D. Due to its high energy capacity
5. Heat flows from the different layers to the earth. What type of heat transport
occurs between the mantle and the core?
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. Sublimation
6. Which of the following is an isotope that is present in the core of the earth?
A. Uranium – 235
B. Uranium – 253
C. Uranium – 523
D. Uranium – 325
7. Which of the following pertains to the spontaneous breakdown of an atomic
nucleus resulting in the release of energy and matter from the nucleus?
A. Convection
B. Gravitational pressure
C. Radiation
D. Radioactive decay
8. As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the
pressure?
A. It increases
B. It decreases
C. It stays the same
D. It increases, then decreases
9. Why is earth considered as a thermal engine?
A. By radioactive decay
B. By gravitational pressure
C. By absorption of solar energy
D. By collision of the masses of gas and dust
12. Which of the following sentences in incorrect?
A. As someone goes down the center of the earth, the pressure increases,
thus, the temperature increases.
B. As someone goes down the center of the earth, the density of the materials
increases, thus, the temperature increases.
C. Due to radioactive decay in the center of the Earth, the planet is cooling
off.
D. There are remains of primordial heat of the Earth.
13. The heat escaping from the core also makes material move around in different
layers of the planet. Which of the following will best describe the given
sentence?
A. It is true.
B. It is false.
C. It depends upon the layer of the Earth.
D. It cannot be determined due to the composition of Earth.
14. How do radioactive isotopes emit heat energy and contribute to Earth’s internal
heat?
A. By pressure freezing
B. By gravitational pressure
C. By preserving the primordial heat
D. By spontaneous radioactive decay
15. Which of the following is the main source of Earth’s internal heat?
A. Primordial heat
B. Radioactive elements
C. Gravitational pressure
D. Dense core material
Additional Activities
EarthSky in Earth. What is the Source of the Heat in the Earth’s Interior? Accesses
May 31, 2020. https://earthsky.org/earth/what-is-the-source-of-the-heat- in-
the-earths-interior
Earth Observatory of Singapore. Why is the interior of the Earth hot? Accessed May
31, 2020.
https://earthobservatory.sg/faq-on-earth-sciences/why-interior-earth- hot#:
~:text=Why%20is%20the%20interior%20of%20the%20Earth%20hot%3 F,
the%20decay%20of%20radioactive%20elements.
The Earth’s Internal Heat Energy and It’s Internal Structure. Accessed June 1,
2020. http://sci.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Heat.html
V. Rama Murthy. Radioactive Isotopes, Their Decay in Mantle and Core. Accessed
May 30, 2020.
http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2f978-1-4020-
4423_274